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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering V

作者： Redding, D Sigrist, N Lou, JZ Zhang, Y Atcheson, P Acton, S Hayden, W CALTECH Jet Prop Lab Pasadena CA 91109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819454613

The use of wavefront measurements to deduce the state of multiple optics in a telescope beam train - their misalignments and figure errors - can be confused by the fact that there are multiple potential sources for the same measured error. This talk applies Kalman filtering techniques as a tool for separating true telescope errors from artifactual testing errors in the alignment and testing of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, a large segmented-aperture cryogenic telescope to be launched after 2010.

关键词： optical testing segmented mirror space telescope. wavefront control wavefront sensing state estimation

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Material selection for an achromatic and athermal design using the factor of determination on optical glasses 20

Material selection for an achromatic and athermal design usi...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XX

作者： Lim, Tae-Yeon Kim, Kum-Ho Park, Sung-Chan Dankook Univ Dept Phys 119 Dandae Ro Cheonan Si 31116 Chungcheongnam South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9781510629028

ISBN: (纸本)9781510629028

This study presents a new method for selecting a pair of optical glass and housing material to achromatize and athermalize a lens system, by use of the factor of determination for material selection. To effectively obtain an optimum combination for materials, we newly propose the sequential material selection method by introducing the factor of determination for material selection, which depends on the level of contribution to correct these aberrations and the availability to be used as a suitable material. Even though there are many cases for material combinations, we can sequentially identify the best pair of glass and housing materials by checking the factor of determination. Using this design approach, we efficiently obtain an achromatic and athermal system through an optimum combination of materials, over the specified ranges in temperature and waveband.

关键词： lens design athermalization achromatization graphic solution

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Scene-based sensor modeling using optical design software

Scene-based sensor modeling using optical design software

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Fisher, John Brandywine Opt Inc Chester PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

The traditional approach to optical system engineering separates the scene, optics, and detector as static entities, optimizing the design to meet subsystem specifications of aperture, field size, encircled energy, read noise, dynamic range, and other electro-optical properties. The Scene-Based Sensor Model (SBSM) represents a different approach by simulating the scene, optics and detector as a cohesive model using commercially available optical ray-tracing software. The objects are modeled as temporally changing entities, with characteristics including reflectance, absorbance, fluorescence, and scattering. Likewise, the detectors are modeled with their properties of temporal noise, spatial non-uniformity, nonlinear gain, and offset drift. The end-to-end simulation produces "photons-to-bits" analysis applicable to a variety of optical systems. First results are illustrated with ray tracing simulation of moving fluorescent objects and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.

关键词： optical system design ray-tracing simulation sensor model FRED optical design software Matlab

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Achrotech: achromat cost versus performance for conventional, diffractive and GRIN components 17

Achrotech: achromat cost versus performance for conventional...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering xviI

作者： Morris, Jeffrey Wolf, Greg Vandendriessche, Stefaan Sparrold, Scott Edmund Opt 6464 E Grant Rd Tucson AZ 85711 USA Edmund Opt 101 East Gloucester Pike Barrington NJ 08007 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510602861

ISBN: (纸本)9781510602854;9781510602861

An achromatic component shares a common focus at two wavelengths and is a commonly used device in optical assemblies. This work explores the cost versus performance tradeoff for several types of achromatic lenses: conventional doublets with homogenous glass elements, hybrid doublets with a diffractive surface, axial GRadient INdex (GRIN) lenses (where the index of refraction changes along the length of the lens), and radial GRIN lenses (where the index of refraction changes depending on radial position). First order achromatic principles will be reviewed and applied to each system as a starting point and refined through the use of ray trace software. optical performance will be assessed in terms of focusing efficiency and imaging. Cost will then be evaluated by accounting for current manufacturing costs and retail price through several distributors.

关键词： achromat GRIN lens diffractive lens axial color longitudinal color spherochromatism lens design

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Linear wavelength spectrometer

Linear wavelength spectrometer

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Thibault, S INO Opt Engn Div St Foy PQ G1P 4S4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

Generally, a spectrometer uses a diffraction grating to spread the spectral components of a light incident on the diffraction grating on a one-dimensional detector. The detector is composed of pixels linearly distributed along a line. However, the diffracted light is not spread linearly on the detector which means that the Wavelength on pixel I is not linearly correlated with the wavelength on pixel 2. The resolution is therefore not constant for all the spectral range of the spectrometer. To know which pixel corresponds to which wavelength, a nonlinear calibration process must be applied to get a linear relation between the diffracted light position and the wavelength of this light. The new spectrometer that we present uses a special lens configuration name F-sin(theta) lens to provide a linear relation in the image plane between the pixel position and the wavelength of the light. The f-sin(theta) characteristic is defined as the difference in percent between the design position of the wavelength in the image plane and its ideal position, if the lens is perfect. The characteristic of the lens used in the spectrometer is better than 0.1%. The concept can also be used for WDM and DWDM applications.

关键词： spectrometer WDM DWDM distortion optical design guided optics

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Balancing detector effects with aberrations in the design of wide-field grazing incidence x-ray telescopes

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optical engineering 2006年第6期45卷 063003-1-063003页

作者： Harvey, James E. Atanassova, Martina Krywonos, Andrey Univ Cent Florida CREOL Orlando FL 32826 USA

Most imaging systems today include a mosaic detector array in the focal plane. optical designers of astronomical telescopes typically produce a design that yields a superb on-axis aerial image in the focal plane, and detector effects are included only in the analysis of the final system performance. Aplanatic optical designs (corrected for spherical aberration and coma) are widely considered to be superior to nonaplanatic designs. However, there is little merit in an aplanatic design for wide-field applications because one needs to optimize some field-weighted-average measure of resolution over the desired operational field of view (OFOV). Furthermore, when used with a mosaic detector array in the focal plane, detector effects eliminate the advantage of the aplanatic design even at small field angles. For wide fields of view, the focal plane is frequently despaced to balance field curvature with defocus thus obtaining better overall performance. We will demonstrate that including detector effects in the optical design process results in a different optimal (nonaplanatic) design for each OFOV that is even superior to an optimally despaced aplanatic design. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers.

关键词： detector effects wide-field imaging systems grazing incidence x-ray telescopes

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Method for designing optical systems from the off-the-shelf optical components 23

Method for designing optical systems from the off-the-shelf ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XXIII Part of SPIE Optics and Photonics conference

作者： Ryzhikov, Lev 136 Newtown Ave Unit 7 Norwalk CT 06851 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510654198;9781510654181

Several off-the-shelf optical lenses and lens components are available for use in the design of new optical systems. But there isn't a clear methodology on how effective there can be in a real optical device. It should be noted that the use of standard optical elements reduces the cost of the optical device, which is especially important for mass production. Ease and speed of replacement are also important parameters for the usability of standard optical elements. That is why the extensive use of purchased optical elements in optical devices will simplify their operation and improve the convenience of maintenance. Selecting purchased optical components of an optical circuit is not an easy task and requires certain skills. The main problem is that the optical design stage is divided into two parts. The first part is the creation of an optical circuit from non-standard (custom) optical components with optical characteristics close to cataloging lenses. The second part is to adjust the position of the optical component to satisfy specification requirements. This process sometimes required several iterations. For the process of fitting distances in an optical system to be successful, it is necessary to take into account the properties of optical glasses such as refractive index and dispersion when choosing lens components, in addition to their focal lengths and geometrical dimensions. It should be noted that in the catalogs of optical components there are optical parameters of lenses, and also glass parameters of the lens. This is essential information for lens designers to substitution the custom optical element for the off-the-shelf lens. Problems that arise with such a replacement are based on a limited number of standard lenses and lens components. To get comfortable for replacement, the custom lenses components must be modified (adjusted) so that optical parameters will be close enough to the parameters of the catalog lenses other words during the custom lenses opt

关键词： optical components lenses Glasses optical design Relays Head Aberration correction lens design Refractive index Tolerancing

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design of an in-vivo microscope to characterize cataracts in human eyes 6

Design of an in-vivo microscope to characterize cataracts in...

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current developments in optical design and engineering VI conference

作者： Feng, C Ahmad, A Univ. of Alabama in Huntsville (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819422517

The design of a compact contact microscope, which can be used in-vivo to study the cataracts in human eyes is presented. This microscope has the capability to evaluate the changes in the optical density within the eye lens itself, and thus enabling an examiner to ascertain the progression of a cataractous change or at least the optical changes associated with cataractous development. The microscope has a variable focal length so it can be focused at any depth through the entire thickness of the eye lens. A separate small objective lens is spring loaded against the cornea (like a tonometer tip) so that the natural eye movements can occur safely during the examination. The distance between the objective lens and rest of the optics is variable to accommodate the movements of the eye due to pulse or breathing without affecting the image quality of the instrument. The layer by layer images can be captured on a CCD camera and stored in the computer. The reconstruction software can quantitatively display the characteristics of the cataracts, such as the location, size, and density. The optical design and performance results for the microscope are presented. The optomechanical design features of the microscope are also discussed.

关键词： in-vivo microscope contact microscope eye diseases cataracts CCD imaging

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The impact of zonal irregularity on infrared lens performance 6

The impact of zonal irregularity on infrared lens performanc...

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current developments in optical design and engineering VI conference

作者： Sinclair, RL Wescam Inc 45 Innovation Drive Flamborough L9H 7L8 ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819422517

High performance infrared optical designs require careful tolerancing to ensure that the as built performance meets the system requirements. Using modem optical design programs a wide variety of single element and group tolerances can be defined and statistical analysis employed to formulate a prediction of the as built performance. When the number of units being produced is small or near diffraction limited performance is required, then a worst case analysis is often employed to generate a more accurate prediction. However, in some situations, such as low F/number lenses, certain effects that may be important are not always adequately addressed by first order tolerance analysis. This paper reviews one such effect;zonal irregularity or slope errors. To quantify the impact of zonal irregularity on the MTF performance of an infrared lens, detailed comparisons are made between measured and predicted performance. Interferometric analysis of the lens element irregularity is incorporated within the design to predict the as built lens line spread function.

关键词： infrared lens optical tolerances interferograms

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optical design of a reflectance/Raman confocal microspectrometer

Optical design of a reflectance/Raman confocal microspectrom...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering III

作者： Mouroulis, P CALTECH Jet Prop Lab Pasadena CA 91109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819445347

A miniaturized instrument for systematic planetary mineralogy is presented, and the optical design of the component parts is discussed. The instrument combines the following capabilities: wide field color imaging, confocal imaging at two different resolution/range levels, reflectance spectroscopy in the 400-2500 nm region with a resolution of 10 nm, and Raman spectroscopy over 4000 cm(-1) with an average resolution of 3.3 cm(-1). The instrument can also serve as an expandable platform for adding fluorescence spectroscopy, or for examining samples from a distance of several meters while using the same spectrometer.

关键词： optical design confocal microscopy planetary mineralogy reflectance spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy

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