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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XVI"

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Vibration stable, ultra-precision optical adjustment Mono-Ball mechanism

Vibration stable, ultra-precision optical adjustment Mono-Ba...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Bell, AD Joffe, B ITT Ind Aerosp Commun Div Ft Wayne IN 46801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

ITT Industries has developed a precision optical adjustment mechanism capable of ultra-precision adjustment in microradian increments. The success of the Mono-Ball mechanism is its ability to maintain registration after sustaining harsh vibration and thermal environments. This technical paper will detail the Mono-Bah mechanism's opto-mechanical configuration. Supporting test data demonstrates the device's performance in thermal and vibration environments. This Lightweight mechanism was developed for use in spaceflight earth weather observing instruments. However, the Mono-Ball mechanism may be used in numerous optical applications that require ultra-precision adjustment. Although the Mono-Ball mechanism is patent pending(1), this paper presents an overview of the engineering principals utilized in precision mechanisms that the reader may be able to utilize in his or her design project.

关键词： opto-mechanical mechanism mono-ball roll and tilt adjustment optical component vibration stability ultraprecision

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Bi-centenary of successes of Fourier theorem: Its power and limitations in optical system designs

Bi-centenary of successes of Fourier theorem: Its power and ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Roychoudhuri, Chandrasekhar U Connecticut & Femto Macro Continuum Storrs Dept Phys Photon Lab Storrs CT USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

We celebrate the two hundred years of successful use of the Fourier theorem in optics. However, there is a great enigma associated with the Fourier transform integral. It is one of the most pervasively productive and useful tool of physics and optics because its foundation is based on the superposition of harmonic functions and yet we have never declared it as a principle of physics for valid reasons. And, yet there are a good number of situations where we pretend it to be equivalent to the superposition principle of physics, creating epistemological problems of enormous magnitude. The purpose of the paper is to elucidate the problems while underscoring the successes and the elegance of the Fourier theorem, which are not explicitly discussed in the literature. We will make our point by taking six major engineering fields of optics and show in each case why it works and under what restricted conditions by bringing in the relevant physics principles. The fields are (i) optical signal processing, (ii) Fourier transform spectrometry, (iii) classical spectrometry of pulsed light, (iv) coherence theory, (v) laser mode locking and (vi) pulse broadening. We underscore that mathematical Fourier frequencies, not being physical frequencies, cannot generate real physical effects on our detectors. Appreciation of this fundamental issue will open up ways to be innovative in many new optical instrument designs. We underscore the importance of always validating our design platforms based on valid physics principles (actual processes undergoing in nature) captured by an appropriate hypothesis based on diverse observations. This paper is a comprehensive view of the power and limitations of Fourier Transform by summarizing a series of SPIE conference papers presented during 2003-2007.

关键词： Fourier transforms Spectroscopy Superposition Sensors Transform theory Physics Diffraction Time-frequency analysis Visibility

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Digital optical microscope as a sampled imaging system: mathematical description, camera selection and focusing

Digital optical microscope as a sampled imaging system: math...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Borovytsky, Volodymyr Nat Tech Univ Ukraine KPI Opt Eng Dept UA-03056 Kiev Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The paper presents the mathematical description of an optical microscope with a digital camera and an image processing as an analog-digital-analog imaging system. This description considers a channel of the microscope as a sequence of the linear spatial filters of two dimensional signals. The channel contains an optical system as a low frequency analog filter, a digital camera as a low frequency analog filter with spatial and amplitude discretization and noise generation, a digital linear filter which has to amplify the high frequency harmonics and a restoration unit that plays a role of a two dimensional interpolator. This mathematical apparatus is useful for proper selection of a digital camera which guarantees the maximal field of view with absence of image distortions. The terms like optimal, non-sufficient and non-useful (void) linear magnification of a microscope optical system are expanded from a visual microscopy to a digital one. This mathematical description is also applied for selection of a digital filter for focusing and digital focus extension. The modulation transfer function of this filter should match for the spatial spectrum of observed objects in the zone of spatial harmonics that is most sensitive to defocusing. In this case the maximal sensitivity to defocusing with minimization of influence of noise can be reached.

关键词： imaging system microscope digital camera focusing modulation transfer function digital filter digital focus extension

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design of high numerical aperture Fourier objectives for holographic memory card writing/reading equipment

Design of high numerical aperture Fourier objectives for hol...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Erdei, G Fodor, J Kalló, P Szarvas, G Ujhelyi, F Optilink Hungary Ltd H-1031 Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

A pair of special Fourier transforming objectives intended for use in a Holographic Memory Card (HMC) writing/reading equipment have been designed and fabricated. At writing in, the objectives Fourier transform a binary pattern, representing the data displayed by an SLM, into the storage medium of the HMC, where the Fourier transform is recorded as a polarisation hologram. At reading out, the objectives inverse Fourier transform the reconstructed hologram onto the surface of a CCD array. The Fourier space NA of the objectives is high enough to achieve a theoretical data density of 1 bit/mum(2) For comparison reasons we designed two optically identical objectives of basically different structures: one is an aspheric glass doublet, the other is an all-spherical five-element system (arranged in two lens groups). Computer analysis of the objectives shows that both systems are diffraction limited in object and Fourier space and have a distortion of less than 1%. In this paper we overview the theory of Fourier objectives, present our design method, describe the optical behaviour of the designed systems, show our test results performed on the fabricated aspheric objective and present our experiences at manufacturing aspheric glass lens prototypes.

关键词： optical design geometrical optics Fourier objective spherical system aspheric glass lens

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Power Allocation Schemes in optical Wireless Communication 25

Power Allocation Schemes in Optical Wireless Communication

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XXV

作者： Elewah, Ibrahim A. Amer Coll Middle East ACM Dept Engn & Technol Kuwait Kuwait Amer Univ Middle East AUM Coll Engn Kuwait Kuwait

ISBN: (纸本)9781510679221;9781510679238

In this work, detailed literature about the power allocation schemes in optical wireless communication has been presented and discussed. The main goal is to evaluate the gain ratio power allocation (GRPA) and normalized gain difference power allocation (NGDPA) schemes in a 4x4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based visible light communication (VLC) system. The work will evaluate the GRPA and NGDPA according to the system's overall achievable sum-rate and the sum-rate gain. The proposed MIMO-VLC system can utilize up to 4 subscribers regardless of their current position within the system coverage area. The work will examine the received bit rate of each user in different positions within the system coverage area. Target to maintain the same bit rate for each user, especially when the user is at the border of the system coverage area. Finally, the study will discuss the results before and after applying the power allocation schemes GRPA and NGPDA. It has been concluded the overall sum rate gain percentages after applying GRPA are lower than NGDPA, which gives the GRPA allocation scheme an advantage over NGDPA.

关键词： VLC MIMO GRPA NGDPA NOMA

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Large volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with image fusion based on CNN feature extraction 22

Large volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XXII

作者： Li, Sihang Wang, Zhuangzhuang Cao, Xiongjun Li, Zhihui Song, Xianlin Nanchang Univ Ji Luan Acad Nanchang 330031 Jiangxi Peoples R China Nanchang Univ Sch Informat Engn Nanchang 330031 Jiangxi Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781510644670

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644670

Photoacoustic imaging(PAI) is a emerging powerful and efficient imaging technology. optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy is an useful photoacoustic imaging technique combining the advantages of both optical imaging and acoustic imaging which obtains many attractive advanges such as high resolution, high contrast and so on. Laser beam is often focused strongly to achieve high resolution. However, this will lead to a poor depth-of-field and less structural information which limits the further application of this technology. A image fusion method based on CNN feature extraction is proposed to achieve large volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. First, two groups of simulated 3D photoacoustic data of different focal locations were obtained through photoacoustic microscopic imaging platform. Then B-scan data were fused and maximum projection of the reconstructed 3D data is taken to display the photoacoustic information. By comparing the source images and the fused image, we show that the proposed method can be implemented to obtain large volumetric and high-resolution photoacoustic images.

关键词： photoacoustic microscopy depth expandsion image fusion convolutional neural network

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Novel CNC polishing process for control of form and texture on aspheric surfaces

Novel CNC polishing process for control of form and texture ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering III

作者： Walker, DD Beaucamp, ATH Brooks, D Freeman, R King, A McCavana, G Morten, R Riley, D Simms, J UCL Dept Phys & Astron Opt Sci Lab London WC1E 6BT England

ISBN: (纸本)0819445347

We first consider the potential impact of a technology that could deliver polished, accurate aspheric surfaces in a routine and automated manner. We then summarise the technical challenge, and present an appraisal of the performance of the novel 'Precessions' process, which is a major advance in this direction. We outline the design concepts behind the productionized CNC polishing machines which executes the process, and then describe the progress developing strategies to preserve form when polishing ground surfaces, and to correct form on both pre-ground and polished surfaces. Particular consideration is given to resolving the inherent difficulties of control of centres on rotationally-symmetric parts. We then report on experimental results achieved with the machines. Finally, we present our programme to extend the control-algorithms to handle fully free-form surfaces, and draw conclusions about the effectiveness and generality of the 'Precessions' technique.

关键词： Polishing Surface finishing Aspheric lenses Process control Raster graphics Spherical lenses Mirrors Astronomy optical instrument design Polishing equipment

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Thermally reconfigurable varifocal silicon metalens 22

Thermally reconfigurable varifocal silicon metalens

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XXII

作者： Archetti, Anna Lin, Ren-Jie Tsoulos, Ted, V Kiani, Fatemeh Restori, Nathanael Tagliabue, Giulia Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne STI Lab Nanosci Energy Technol LNET CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Univ Padua Dept Biomed Sci Neurosci I-35131 Padua Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781510644670

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644670

Active optical components are essential building blocks for a wide variety of applications such as optical communications, microscopy, and illumination systems. Reconfigurable metasurfaces, which consist of arrays of sub-wavelength meta-atoms, can be engineered to uniquely realize compact and multifunctional optical elements, enabling light-polarization dynamic-control as well as beam steering, focusing or zooming. Varifocal metalenses, in particular, have attracted increasing interests. Yet, going beyond mechanical modulation schemes to realize ultra-thin devices with fast modulation remains challenging due to the complex phase and phase-delay profiles involved. Recently, thermooptical effects in dielectric nanostructures have emerged as a promising solution to tune their optical resonances, offering unexplored opportunities for ultra-thin reconfigurable metalenses, in particular silicon based ones. In this work, we report a proof-of-concept design of an ultrathin (300 nm thick) and thermo-optically reconfigurable silicon metalens operating in the visible regime (632 nm). Importantly, we demonstrate that, using thermo-optical effects, it is possible to achieve continuous modulation of the focal-length at a fixed wavelength. In particular, operating under right-circularly polarized light, our metalens exhibits a linear focal shift from 165 mu m at 20 degrees C to 135 mu m at 260 degrees C, exceeding the lens focal depth. The average conversion efficiency of the lens is 26%, close to mechanically modulated devices, while its Strehl ratio is 0.99, confirming a diffraction-limited performance. Concurrently, in this work we report an automatized methodology to design a reconfigurable metalens, compute its layout and verify the expected performance. Overall, we envision that, by further optimization of the optical response of individual meta-atoms with machine-learning algorithms, thermally-reconfigurable silicon metalenses will emerge as a viable, chip-compatible soluti

关键词： Metasurface tunable lens varifocal metalens thermo-optic effect silicon nanofin resonator Pancharatnman-Berry geometric effect

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Electrostatic Focusing System with high value of demagnification

Electrostatic Focusing System with high value of demagnifica...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Abgaryan, Artush A. Levi, Eli AISC Inc Hauppauge NY 11788 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

For E-beam transmission and transforming we developed an electrostatic focusing device with extraordinary demagnification and abilities for 100% transmission of an electron beam with uniform distribution of current density. This experimental electrostatic focusing system consists of two sections;the first is field formation and second is field free -for measurement space(1). The purpose of this article is to present the experimental results from our electro-optical system. The measurement instrument used in the laboratory set up is an adjustable scanning system, which includes a faraday cup with a 14um diameter tungsten wire, for measuring different cross sections. The measurement of the crossover point is based on a combination of theoretical and experimental processes. The theoretical uses calculations from the " CPO"(2) program and the experimental measures different cross sections which are much larger than the diameter of the tungsten wire. Theoretically, from trajectory calculations, the crossover point is approximately 0.446 mu m. This estimation is obtained by drawing an isosceles triangle from the experimental results and comparing it to another isosceles triangle created from the theoretically calculated trajectories. Both triangles together have a geometrically proportional ratio and differ by about one percent or less. The design of the electrostatic focusing system is achieved utilizing the CGMR (Cone and Golden Mean Ratio) approach (1, 3 and 4). This system is suitable for use in X-ray tubes(5), e-beam lithography, SEM, high speed photonic technology, and also for any EOS.

关键词： Electro-optical systems CRT EBL SEM X-Ray tube electro-vacuum devices

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Ultra-precision linear actuator for optical systems

Ultra-precision linear actuator for optical systems

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Nalbandian, R Moog Inc Schaeffer Magnet Div Chatsworth CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

The Ultra-Precision Linear Actuator presented in this paper was developed for the Next Generation Space Telescope's (NGST) primary mirror surface figure control. The development was a joint effort between Alson E. Hatheway, Inc (AEH) and Moog, Schaeffer Magnetics Division(SMD)(1). The goal of this project was to demonstrate an extremely light weight, relatively high stiffness actuator capable of operating uniformly well over the range of 20 degreesK to 300 degreesK and achieving diffraction-limited performance (+/-10 nm) in the optical band for weeks at a time, while consuming no electrical power and dissipating no heat. The essence of the design challenge was to develop a lightweight, high stiffness, low power, thermally stable linear positioning mechanism. Actuation systems with resolutions comparable to that of this design normally are operated in a closed-loop control system to compensate for any non-linearities and hysteresis inherent in their enabling technologies, such as piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers. These technologies require continuous application of power and therefore are not low power consumption devices. The development challenge was met through the use of Alson E. Hatheway's (AEH) patented Rubicon elastic transducer(2) which consists of two elastic elements;a soft spring and a stiff flexural member. Deflection of the soft spring applies a force input to the stiff flexure, which responds with a proportionally reduced output deflection. To maintain linearity, the displacements, and hence the stresses, developed in both elastic members are kept well below the elastic yield strength of the material. The AEH transducer is inherently linear and hysteresis free.

关键词： linear actuator precision nanometer optical

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