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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Burge, J. H. Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

The optomechanical engineering for mounting lenses and mirrors in imaging systems is frequently driven by the pointing or jitter requirements for the system. A simple set of rules was developed that allow the engineer to quickly determine the coupling between motion of an optical element and a change in the system line of sight. Examples are shown for cases of lenses, mirrors, and optical subsystems. The derivation of the stationary point for rotation is also provided. Small rotation of the system about this point does not cause image motion.

关键词： optical alignment optomechanics pointing stability geometrical optics

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Analysis and design of an adaptive lens

Analysis and design of an adaptive lens

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Santiago-Alvarado, A. Vazquez-Montiel, S. Gonzalez-Garcia, J. Garcia-Luna, V. M. Fernandez-Morena, A. Vera-Diaz, E. UTM Inst Fis & Matemat Huajuapan Leon Oaxaca 6900 Mexico INAOE Inst Opt Puebla Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

This study presents the design and analysis of a lens with a variable focal length, which we will call an adaptive lens. This lens is formed of two transparent elastic surfaces with a transparent liquid medium between them. The mechanical design of the lens considers the variation of liquid pressure between the surfaces. This causes changes in curvature radii and in the axial thickness, generating variations in the focal length of the lens. An analysis is given of changes in lens power with respect to changes in pressure. Finally, a model of the human eye is presented using this adaptive lens as crystalline.

关键词： adaptive elastic surfaces liquid lens model human eyes

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Balancing detector effects with aberrations in the design of wide-field grazing incidence x-ray telescopes

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optical engineering 2006年第6期45卷 063003-1-063003页

作者： Harvey, James E. Atanassova, Martina Krywonos, Andrey Univ Cent Florida CREOL Orlando FL 32826 USA

Most imaging systems today include a mosaic detector array in the focal plane. optical designers of astronomical telescopes typically produce a design that yields a superb on-axis aerial image in the focal plane, and detector effects are included only in the analysis of the final system performance. Aplanatic optical designs (corrected for spherical aberration and coma) are widely considered to be superior to nonaplanatic designs. However, there is little merit in an aplanatic design for wide-field applications because one needs to optimize some field-weighted-average measure of resolution over the desired operational field of view (OFOV). Furthermore, when used with a mosaic detector array in the focal plane, detector effects eliminate the advantage of the aplanatic design even at small field angles. For wide fields of view, the focal plane is frequently despaced to balance field curvature with defocus thus obtaining better overall performance. We will demonstrate that including detector effects in the optical design process results in a different optimal (nonaplanatic) design for each OFOV that is even superior to an optimally despaced aplanatic design. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers.

关键词： detector effects wide-field imaging systems grazing incidence x-ray telescopes

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Fundamental and specific steps in Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor design

Fundamental and specific steps in Shack-Hartmann wavefront s...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Curatu, Costin Curatu, George Rolland, Jannick Univ Cent Florida CREOL FPCE Coll Opt & Photon Orlando FL 32816 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Shack-Hartmann sensors are widely used to measure wavefront aberrations. We present the fundamental and specific engineering steps in the design of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors. Typical performance requirements such as sensor dynamic range, sensitivity and accuracy are defined and discussed. We investigate the trade-offs between these performance metrics and the factors affecting the trade-offs. A first order approach for selecting the optimal parameters of the sensor central piece, the lenslet array, is presented. We also propose a quick tolerance analysis method that can predict the wavefront measurement error due to misalignments, using only the ray-tracing software.

关键词： wavefront sensing Shack-Hartmann sensor tolerance analysis

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A hardware-based simulation platform for optical design and engineering

A hardware-based simulation platform for optical design and ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Ortiz, Fernando E. Durbano, James P. Sharkawy, Ahmed S. Shi, Shouyuan Curt, Petersen F. EM Photon 51 E Main StSuite 203 Newark DE 19711 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

optical lenses and systems have historically been of interest to the design and simulation community due to their extensive use in a variety of applications, including telecommunications and imaging. To simulate these systems, it is often possible to take advantage of symmetry or apply physical approximations, such as ray tracing and/or beam propagation, in order to avoid a rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations. However, in cases where these techniques are not applicable, such as when feature sizes become comparable to the wavelength of interest, full-wave electromagnetic simulations are required. Unfortunately, the time constraints and simulation sizes associated with many designs render this analysis infeasible or impractical, a problem that is aggravated by iterative design flows. Hence, a numerical platform capable of handling such computationally intense problems is necessary. In this paper, we present a hardware-based, full-wave simulation platform and demonstrate the advantages of hardware acceleration for the simulation of optical applications. Specifically, we will present a diffractive optical element (DOE) lens simulation, comparing results with previously published analytic and experimental data. We then modify the basic lens arrangement to produce an optical beam splitter. Because such a device cannot be analytically described using symmetry, this example will demonstrate the unique advantages of powerful hardware solvers for the analysis of DOE applications. Finally, we discuss how hardware-based solvers are critical for iterative designs by means of a 1-to-3 beam splitter example. This simulation system represents a new era in optical engineering, enabling the design of next-generation devices today.

关键词： optics lens DOE splitter design hardware simulation FDTD FPGA acceleration

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Plane development of lateral surfaces for inspection systems

Plane development of lateral surfaces for inspection systems

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Francini, F. Fontani, D. Jafrancesco, D. Mercatelli, L. Sansoni, P. Ist Nazl Ott Appl L Go E Fermi 6 I-50125 Florence Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

The problem of developing the lateral surfaces of a 3D object can arise in item inspection using automated imaging systems. In an industrial environment, these control systems typically work at high rate and they have to assure a reliable inspection of the single item. For compactness requirements it is not convenient to utilise three or four CCD cameras to control all the lateral surfaces of an object. Moreover it is impossible to mount optical components near the object if it is placed on a conveyor belt. The paper presents a system that integrates on a single CCD picture the images of both the frontal surface and the lateral surface of an object. It consists of a freeform, lens mounted in front of a CCD camera with a commercial lens. The aim is to have a good magnification of the lateral surface, maintaining a low aberration level for exploiting the pictures in an image processing software. The freeform lens, made in plastics, redirects the light coming from the object to the camera lens. The final result is to obtain on the CCD: - the frontal and lateral surface images, with a selected magnification (even with two different values for the two images);- a gap between these two images, so an automatic method to analyse the images can be easily applied. A simple method to design the freeform lens is illustrated. The procedure also allows to obtain the imaging system modifying a current inspection system reducing the cost.

关键词： optical design freeform optics industrial control optical component

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Self-weight distortion of lens elements

Self-weight distortion of lens elements

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： DeWitt, Frank Nadorff, Georg Naradikian, Markar Melles Griot Opt Grp 55 Sci Pkwy Rochester NY 14620 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Changes in the shape of large lens elements due to the influences of gravity are important to consider in the fabrication, testing and assembly of optical systems. Tried and proven methods used for mounting large mirrors to minimize the effects of gravity are typically not applicable to large transmissive lens elements, due to the simple requirement that the clear aperture of a lens must remain free of mechanical obstructions. Precautions must be taken to ensure that an element's surfaces are correctly fabricated and then maintained when assembled into the final system. The amount of distortion caused by the weight of a particular lens element is dependent on a number of factors including: size, aspect ratio, shape, material, and the support on which it rests. Examples of the effects of these factors are modeled using Finite Element Analysis and demonstrated through interferometric testing. Attention is given to the mounting of lens elements within a system and simulating "real-world" conditions. These "real-world" conditions can produce results that are different from what was expected if only ideal cases have been considered. The work presented will aid the designer, fabricator, and metrologist to identify what optical elements and mounting conditions may be problematic and to minimize their effects.

关键词： optomechanical finite element analysis self-weight distortion gravity sag optical mounting tolmncing surface irregularity

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Exact ray tracing for an adaptive liquid lens with elastic surfaces

Exact ray tracing for an adaptive liquid lens with elastic s...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Gonzalez-Garcia, J. Santiago-Alvarado, A. Vazquez-Montiel, S. Cordero-Davila, A. Castro-Gonzalez, G. Vera-Diaz, E. Lopez-Lopez, E. A. UTM Inst Fis & Matemat Huajuapan Leon Oaxaxo 6900 Mexico INAOE Inst Opt Puebla Mexico Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla Fac Ciencias Fis Matemat Puebla 72570 Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

This study presents results obtained from the exact tracing of rays of an adaptive lens, that is, a liquid lens with transparent elastic surfaces. Because the elastics surfaces are deformed by a liquid, they acquire different curvatures depending on the difference in pressures of the liquid and of the environment. Images generated by this type of lens are simulated with a ray-tracing computer program, considering that each surface can be modeled with concentric spherical rings with different curvatures;this is because the elastic coefficients of the plastic materials used are non-linear.

关键词： adaptive elastic surfaces liquid lens refractor system

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Low profile optic design for mobile camera using dual freeform reflective lenses

Low profile optic design for mobile camera using dual freefo...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Jeong, Ho-Seop Yoo, Ho-Sik Lee, Sang-Hyuk Oh, Hae-Ran Samsung Elect Mech Cent R&D Inst Opt Lab Suwon 443743 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Aspherical glass or plastic lenses are usually adapted in the camera module of handheld phone. Recently, slimmer cameras are required according to reducing thickness of handheld phone. In this paper, we present an ultra slim camera module using multiple freeform off-axis imaging lenses. New optical concept of multiple lens system introduces the planar optics with freeform. shaped aspherical lens surface on the wafer, which can achieve the thickness of 50% compared to the conventional symmetric lens system. In order to achieve the resolution specification, we separate the field of view in camera module. As the result, two inverted images are produced on a same imaging sensor and the acquired inverted images are processed by photo stitching algorithm so as to combine them. Finally, in order to verify the new imaging system, we manufacture the new slim lens through the LJV embossing replication process. We found the new imaging system is feasible for VGA resolution and it can be expandable to the high resolution system.

关键词： freeform. surface planar integrated optics photo stitching wafer scale lens UV embossing

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Cemented doublet field compressor/corrector: a new optical component of general utility - art. no. 628802

Cemented doublet field compressor/corrector: a new optical c...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Schaack, David F. Designs Syst Albuquerque NM 87112 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Field correcting lenses have been used to increase the fields of view of large telescopes since at least Ross's work in 1935. In recent years, due to the advent of electronic image sensors, there has been movement toward combining field correction with focal length reduction in so-called field compressor/corrector or telecompressor lenses. Such lenses are now commonly employed in both professional and amateur astronomy. This paper demonstrates that field compressor/corrector lenses can be of great utility in a wider context -- the design of optical instruments. In the finite conjugate and relay applications prevalent in optical instrument design, standard achromats are often employed because there is currently no better alternative short of custom lenses. I show that there exists a particularly attractive family of cemented doublet compressor/correctors that can be combined with standard achromats to greatly improve the imaging performance obtainable in these applications. I propose that these field compressing/correcting doublets should be made available from stock as standard optical components. I introduce a novel viewpoint for analyzing the imaging capability of a lens that makes it simple to visualize the performance obtainable with a lens when it is employed over a wide range of fields and focal ratios. Using the new viewpoint, I demonstrate the performance improvement obtainable when employing the new compressor/correctors. I also show that the new lenses are flexible, that is, that one may obtain their advantages while employing them with a range of achromats or over a range of focal lengths, and that the alignment tolerances between the achromat and the field compressor/corrector are modest.

关键词： field corrector field compressor focal reducer stock lens catalog lens cemented doublet image quality

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