A special surface geometry of diffractive Fresnel-lenses, which is well adapted to the kartesian working regime of most microlithographic machines, is presented in this paper. Due to this adaption the amount of data n...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
A special surface geometry of diffractive Fresnel-lenses, which is well adapted to the kartesian working regime of most microlithographic machines, is presented in this paper. Due to this adaption the amount of data neccessary for the description of the exposure and also the exposure-time decreases drastically and so the realization of large area diffractive lenses and lens-arrays became possible. In this paper we compare the modified lens-geometry with the common radially symmetrical diffractive Fresnel-lens and we show some experimental results which we obtained for a lens realized by electron-beam lithography.
We apply a digital camera with two prism arrays to capture a stereo image of the corrected chromatic aberration and distortion. The doublet prisms are used to correct chromatic aberration. The camera distortion with t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819496911
We apply a digital camera with two prism arrays to capture a stereo image of the corrected chromatic aberration and distortion. The doublet prisms are used to correct chromatic aberration. The camera distortion with two prism arrays can be increased, and reduced by the lens optimization.
In this study, we propose a new micro-optical system with 1.65 zoom ratio for image stitching. The new system with four layers is based on microlenses and liquid lens arrays. In order to realize the zoom function, we ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510620629
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510620629
In this study, we propose a new micro-optical system with 1.65 zoom ratio for image stitching. The new system with four layers is based on microlenses and liquid lens arrays. In order to realize the zoom function, we design the first and the fourth layers by the liquid lens and we also set up the second and the third layers as the fixed lens to tilt the optical axes. The length of the system is 6.4 mm, the image size 8.6 x 6.6 mm(2), the field of view (FOV) 50 degrees in wide mode and the field of view 28 degrees in tele mode. The MTF and distortion are used to demonstrate the zoom function, the stitching function and the stitching with zoom function, respectively. We use the ZEMAX ray-tracing software to demonstrate the simulation of image stitching in wide and tele modes.
The main difference is a significant expansion of the linear field, which reaches 50 mm in the image plane. However, in this case, a planapochromatic correction must be achieved for the usual visible spectral range. S...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510620629
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510620629
The main difference is a significant expansion of the linear field, which reaches 50 mm in the image plane. However, in this case, a planapochromatic correction must be achieved for the usual visible spectral range. Such a parameter of objectives, like over large working distances - is an additional advantage.
The integration of diffractive optical elements (DOE) into an opticaldesign opens up new possibilities for applications in sensing and illumination. If the resulting optics is used in a larger spectral range we must ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781628412192
The integration of diffractive optical elements (DOE) into an opticaldesign opens up new possibilities for applications in sensing and illumination. If the resulting optics is used in a larger spectral range we must correct not only the chromatic error of the conventional, refractive, part of the design but also of the DOE. We present a simple but effective strategy to select substrates which allow the minimum etch depths for the DOEs. The selection depends on both the refractive index and the dispersion.
We have developed a new method other than traditional technique based on ray tracing and optimization algorithm to design arbitrary aspherics. Analytic definition of the aspheric surfaces is done away with and numeric...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819445347
We have developed a new method other than traditional technique based on ray tracing and optimization algorithm to design arbitrary aspherics. Analytic definition of the aspheric surfaces is done away with and numerical solution of nonlinear difference equations called Aspheric Intrinsic Equations (AIE) is implemented instead. Simulation results compared with traditional opticaldesign software are presented, which prove that this new method is more effective and reliable in designing aspheric surfaces.
A conventional camera can be adapted for underwater use by enclosing it in a sealed waterproof pressure housing with a viewport. The viewport, as an optical interface between water and air needs to consider both the c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781628412192
A conventional camera can be adapted for underwater use by enclosing it in a sealed waterproof pressure housing with a viewport. The viewport, as an optical interface between water and air needs to consider both the camera and water optical characteristics while also providing a high pressure water seal. Limited hydrospace visibility drives a need for wide angle viewports. Practical optical interfaces between seawater and air vary from simple flat plate windows to complex water contact lenses. This paper first provides a brief overview of the physical and optical properties of the ocean environment along with suitable optical materials. This is followed by a discussion of the characteristics of various afocal underwater viewport types including flat windows, domes and the Ivanoff corrector lens, a derivative of a Galilean wide angle camera adapter. Several new and interesting opticaldesigns derived from the Ivanoff corrector lens are presented including a pair of very compact afocal viewport lenses that are compatible with both in water and in air environments and an afocal underwater hyper-hemispherical fisheye lens.
Over the past twenty years numerous papers and patents have reported on the design of infrared zoom lenses for a variety of civilian and military applications. The vast majority of these lenses have been afocal 8-12 m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819428841
Over the past twenty years numerous papers and patents have reported on the design of infrared zoom lenses for a variety of civilian and military applications. The vast majority of these lenses have been afocal 8-12 mu m zoom lenses with magnification ratios of five to twenty. With the advancement of 3-5 mu m staring focal plane array technology a growing demand has emerged for a compact imaging 3-5 mu m zoom lens. To meet this demand a variety of such zoom lenses have been designed which support image formats of over 10 mm diagonal. In this paper the preliminary design of a high magnification 3-5 mu m zoom lens is described. Infrared system modeling, detailed lens performance and manufacturing issues are reviewed.
Cryogenic optical systems are often mounted in vacuum cryostat. An interesting concern in the mechanical design is how to maintain the stability of the line of sight (LOS) of the cryogenic optical system when it is co...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819463671
Cryogenic optical systems are often mounted in vacuum cryostat. An interesting concern in the mechanical design is how to maintain the stability of the line of sight (LOS) of the cryogenic optical system when it is cooled down to very low temperature. To investigate this problem an experimental cryogenic optical system, its mounting structure, and a cryostat were designed and fabricated. After assembling them together, a test experiment for measuring the LOS drift was carried out. Finally, the test results will be presented in this paper.
Studies on adaptive lenses, which are formed of two transparent elastic surfaces and have a transparent liquid medium between them, have focused mostly on the characterization, analysis and optical performance of the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819468154
Studies on adaptive lenses, which are formed of two transparent elastic surfaces and have a transparent liquid medium between them, have focused mostly on the characterization, analysis and optical performance of the proposed lenses. No attention, however, has been given to the mechanical design that would allow the conception of a user-friendly functional mounting that is adaptable to conventional optical systems. This work, therefore, presents the design and manufacturing processes of the mounting for a 20 mm diameter biconvex adaptive lens. It also presents an analysis of the membranes used as elastic surfaces and the images formation of the proposed lens.
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