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design of Wearable Binoculars with On-Demand Zoom

Design of Wearable Binoculars with On-Demand Zoom

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Boye, Robert R. Goeke, Ronald S. Hunt, Jeffery P. Ison, Aaron M. Jared, Bradley H. Pillars, Jamin R. Saavedra, Michael P. Sweatt, William C. Yelton, W. Graham Winrow, Edward G. Wolfley, Steve L. Sandia Natl Labs Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Sandia has developed an optical design for wearable binoculars utilizing freeform surfaces and switchable mirrors. The goals of the effort included a design lightweight enough to be worn by the user while providing a useful field of view and magnification as well as non-mechanical switching between normal and zoomed vision. Sandia's approach is a four mirror, off-axis system taking advantage of the weight savings and chromatic performance of a reflective system. The system incorporates an electrochromic mirror on the final surface before the eye allowing the user to switch between viewing modes. Results from a prototype of a monocular version with 6.6x magnification will be presented. The individual mirrors, including three off-axis aspheres and one true freeform, were fabricated using a diamond-turning based process. A slow-slide servo process was used for the freeform element. Surface roughness and form measurement of the freeform mirror will be presented as well as the expected impact on performance. The alignment and assembly procedure will be reviewed as well as the measured optical performance of the prototype. In parallel to the optical design work, development of an electrochromic mirror has provided a working device with faster switching than current state of the art. Switchable absorbers have been demonstrated with switching times less than 0.5 seconds. The deposition process and characterization of these devices will be presented. Finally, details of an updated optical design with additional freeform surfaces will be presented as well as plans for integrating the electrochromic mirror into the system.

关键词： Freeform optics Head-mounted optics Diamond-turning Reflective optics Electrochromic Switchable mirror

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optical Architecture of the new generation Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI-NG)

Optical Architecture of the new generation Infrared Atmosphe...

引用

conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Luitot, Clement Boyadjian, Joel Buil, Christian Pasternak, Frederick Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales 18 Ave Edouard Belin F-31401 Toulouse France Astrium SAS F-31402 Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) is a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) working in the [3.6 mu m, 15.5 mu m] range, dedicated to Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), atmospheric chemistry and climate monitoring. The second flight model (2 out of 3) is now in orbit and operational, as a payload of the MetOp-B satellite. A new generation of instrument (IASI-NG) to continue the IASI mission with increased performances is currently investigated by the French Space Agency (CNES). The performance objective is mainly a spectral resolution and a radiometric error divided by two compared with the IASI ones. Many different concepts of FTS were studied to try to fulfill these challenging requirements. This paper presents the different envisaged optical architecture and associated trade off. The major issue of the concept is to manage the so-called self-apodization of the interferogram and the associated degradation of the spectral resolution induced by the wider Field of View (FoV) and the longer optical Path Difference (OPD). Increasing these two quantities have very constraining consequences on the optical architecture. Another critical point is the control of straylight which is quite severe and which has been taken into account early in the optical design. To assess the performances of the interferometer, different optical models were built combining analytical approach with ray tracing technics. We will describe the impacts of the demanding spectral requirements on the optical components and our analyses based on these models will be presented.

关键词： FTS Interferometer IASI IASI-NG self-apodization straylight

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Fabrication of subcutaneous veins phantom for Vessel visualization system

Fabrication of subcutaneous veins phantom for Vessel visuali...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Cheng, Kai Narita, Kazuyuki Morita, Yusuke Nakamachi, Eiji Honda, Norihiro Awazu, Kunio Doshisha Univ Dept Med Engn 1-3 Miyakodani Kyotanabe Kyoto 6100394 Japan Osaka Univ Ctr Adv Med Engn & Informat Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

The technique of subcutaneous veins imaging by using NIR (Near Infrared Radiation) is widely used in medical applications, such as the intravenous injection and the blood sampling. In the previous study, an automatic 3D blood vessel search and automatic blood sampling system was newly developed. In order to validate this NIR imaging system, we adopted the subcutaneous vein in the human arm and its artificial phantom, which imitate the human fat and blood vessel. The human skin and subcutaneous vein is characterized as the uncertainty object, which has the individual specificity, non-accurate depth information, non-steady state and hardly to be fixed in the examination apparatus. On the other hand, the conventional phantom was quite distinct from the human's characteristics, such as the non-multilayer structure, disagreement of optical property. In this study, we develop a multilayer phantom, which is quite similar with human skin, for improvement of NIR detection system evaluation. The phantom consists of three layers, such as the epidermis layer, the dermis layer and the subcutaneous fat layer. In subcutaneous fat layer, we built a blood vessel. We use the intralipid to imitate the optical scattering characteristics of human skin, and the hemoglobin and melanin for the optical absorption characteristics. In this study, we did two subjects. First, we decide the fabrication process of the phantom. Second, we compared newly developed phantoms with human skin by using our NIR detecting system, and confirm the availability of these phantoms.

关键词： NIR Vessel Visualization Phantom optical Property Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Fat Intralipid Melanin Hemoglobin

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Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation fluxes

Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation f...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Lenef, Alan Kelso, John Zheng, Yi Tchoul, Maxim OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc Corp Technol CRSL Beverly MA 01915 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Ceramic phosphors, excited by high radiance pump sources, offer considerable potential for high radiance conversion. Interestingly, thermodynamic arguments suggest that the radiance of the luminescent spot can even exceed that of the incoming light source. In practice, however, thermal quenching and (non-thermal) optical saturation limit the maximum attainable radiance of the luminescent source. We present experimental data for Ce:YAG and Ce:GdYAG ceramics in which these limits have been investigated. High excitation fluxes are achieved using laser pumping. optical pumping intensities exceeding 100W/mm(2) have been shown to produce only modest efficiency depreciation at low overall pump powers because of the short Ce3+ lifetime, although additional limitations exist. When pump powers are higher, heat-transfer bottlenecks within the ceramic and heat-sink interfaces limit maximum pump intensities. We find that surface temperatures of these laser-pumped ceramics can reach well over 150 degrees C, causing thermal-quenching losses. We also find that in some cases, the loss of quantum efficiency with increasing temperature can cause a thermal run-away effect, resulting in a rapid loss in converted light, possibly over-heating the sample or surrounding structures. While one can still obtain radiances on the order of many W/mm(2)/sr, temperature quenching effects ultimately limit converted light radiance. Finally, we use the diffusion-approximation radiation transport models and rate equation models to simulate some of these nonlinear optical pumping and heating effects in high-scattering ceramics.

关键词： radiance phosphors ceramics saturation thermal quenching entropy optical pumping

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Further results in measuring water ice buildup on optical components in cryogenic vacuum chambers

Further results in measuring water ice buildup on optical co...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Moeller, Trevor M. Smith, L. Montgomery Collins, Frank G. Labello, Jesse M. Rogers, James P. Lowry, Heard S. Crider, Dustin H. Univ Tennessee Inst Space 411 BH Goethert Pkwy Tullahoma TN 37388 USA Arnold Engn Dev Complex Arnold AFB TN 37389 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Experiments presented in a previous paper(1) established proof-of-principle that water, the most prevalent contaminant in high-vacuum cryogenic systems, initially collects on the surfaces of optical components as a thin film of ice, and thus can be detected and its thickness measured via multiple-beam thin-film interference phenomena. In those earlier experiments, a molecular sieve zeolite in a canister external to a vacuum chamber served as a water source, while the buildup of ice was measured using a HeNe laser beam reflected off the surface of a mirror with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) used for verification of the mass accumulation. Additional experiments have improved upon the techniques used earlier and provided further insight into the ice accumulation process. Use of a shorter wavelength (450 nm) laser in conjunction with a first-surface gold mirror produced greater depth of modulation and thus increased signal-to-noise ratio in the light interference. Data reduction using cross-correlation analysis over single-period interference records provided more accuracy and precision in the ice thickness measurements. Ice buildup under varying pressure and temperature ranges established baseline conditions for transparent thin-film deposition, and the transition to ice fracture and specular reflection. These recent experiments have demonstrated that the optical monitoring of ice accumulation via multiple-beam interference is applicable over a wider range of mass and thicknesses than the conventionally-used QCM method.

关键词： Cryogenic contamination thin film interference

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Near-infrared imaging system for detecting small organic foreign substances in foods

Near-infrared imaging system for detecting small organic for...

引用

conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Tashima, Hiroto Genta, Tsuneaki Ishii, Yuya Ishiyama, Takeshi Arai, Shinichi Fukuda, Mitsuo Toyohashi Univ Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Toyohashi Aichi 4418580 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Contamination of foodstuffs with foreign substances is a serious problem because it often has negative effects on consumer health. However, detection of small organic substances in foods can be difficult because they are undetectable with traditional inspection apparatus. In this work, we developed new equipment that can detect small organic contaminant substances in food at high speed using a near-infrared (NIR) imaging technique. The absorption spectra of various foods were measured, and the spectra showed low absorbance at wavelengths from 600 nm to 1150 nm. Based on the observable wavelength range of a CMOS camera, which has a high dynamic range, superluminescent diodes (SLDs) with a wavelength of 830 nm were selected as light sources. We arranged 40 SLDs on a flat panel and placed a diffusion panel over them. As a result, uniformly distributed light with an intensity of 0.26 mW/cm(2) illuminated an area of 6.0 cm x 6.0 cm. Insects (3 mm wide) and hairs (0.1 mm in diameter) were embedded in stacked ham slices and in chocolate, with a total thickness of 5 mm in each case, and the transmission images were observed. Both insects and hairs were clearly observed as dark shadows with high contrast. We also compensated the images by using software developed in this study to eliminate low spatial frequency components in the images and improve the sharpness and contrast. As a result, the foreign substances were more clearly distinguished in the 5-mm-thick ham.

关键词： NIR imaging optical equipment food detection foreign substance safety spatial frequency filter

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design and implementation of multi-layer and multi-bit micro holographic optical data storage employing blue lasers

Design and implementation of multi-layer and multi-bit micro...

引用

conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Takashima, Yuzuru Hesselink, Lambertus Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

A zoom objective lens for a multi-layer optical recording has been designed. A newly proposed optical power arrangement enables varying back focal length while focal length invariant by a linear movement of single zooming component. The zoom lens is implemented into multi-layer and multi-bit holographic recording system employing 405 nm blue lasers.

关键词： Objectives optical design Holography Aspheric lenses lens design optical storage Zoom lenses Distance measurement optical components optical recording

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Novel global optimization algorithms: binary construction and the saddle-point method

Novel global optimization algorithms: binary construction an...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Dilworth, Donald C. Optical Systems Design Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

This paper describes our experience with global lens optimization using algorithms that can modify an existing lens construction in an optimal way or create an entirely new construction. The binary-search method assembles lens elements according to the bits in a binary number, ensuring that all combinations of power are tested, while the saddle-point method can either add elements to a starting lens or start from scratch. The latter algorithm also naturally leads to a method of removing an element in an optimum way, which can sometimes simplify a lens with no loss of quality.

关键词： Global optimization lens design saddle-point lens optimization PSD algorithm

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Finding starting points analytically for optical system optimization

Finding starting points analytically for optical system opti...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Bociort, F. van Grol, P. Delft Univ Technol Opt Res Grp NL-2628 CJ Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

Understanding the structure of the design space in optical system optimization is difficult, because common human intuition fails when it encounters the challenge of high dimensionality, resulting from the many optimization parameters of lens systems. However, a deep mathematical idea, that critical points structure the properties of the space around them, is fruitful in lens design as well. Here we discuss simple systems, triplets with curvatures as variables, for which the design space is still simple enough to be studied in detail, but complex enough to be non-trivial. A one-to-one correspondence between the possible design shapes and the critical points resulting from a simplified model based on third-order spherical aberration within the framework of thin-lens theory could lead in the future to a new way to determine good starting points for subsequent local optimization.

关键词： saddle point critical point global optimization optical system design

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Analytic free-form lens design for imaging applications with high aspect ratio

Analytic free-form lens design for imaging applications with...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Duerr, Fabian Benitez, Pablo Minano, Juan Carlos Meuret, Youri Thienpont, Hugo Vrije Univ Brussel Fac Engn Sci Brussels Photon Team B PHOT TONA FirW B-1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

A new three-dimensional analytic optics design method is presented that enables the coupling of three ray sets with only two free-form lens surfaces. Closely related to the Simultaneous Multiple Surface method in three dimensions (SMS3D), it is derived directly from Fermat's principle, leading to multiple sets of functional differential equations. The general solution of these equations makes it possible to calculate more than 80 coefficients for each implicit surface function. Ray tracing simulations of these free-form lenses demonstrate superior imaging performance for applications with high aspect ratio, compared to conventional rotational symmetric systems.

关键词： Mathematical methods in physics geometric optical design and lens design free-form optics

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