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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XXV"

共 444 条记录，以下是291-300 订阅

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Modeling of polychromatic MTF losses due to secondary effects in diffractive lenses

Modeling of polychromatic MTF losses due to secondary effect...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Thorpe, Michael D. Jonas, Reginald P. Szapiel, Stanislaw ELCAN Opt Technol 450 Leitz Rd Midland ON L4R 5B8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

Although hybrid (i.e. refractive-diffractive) surfaces are in common use in optical design there are several phenomena which affect design MTF that are not routinely modeled in current commercial versions of optical desig,n software. Typically the details of the diffractive structure are not taken into account and rays are traced through the hybrid surface employing a vector grating equation which uses the phase gradient associated with the diffractive definition to calculate a local grating spacing and orientation and from this grating information a 'diffracted ray' angle. This geometrical-optics based procedure has limitations;(I)it considers only the design diffraction order, (2)it does not take into account the sub-aperturing effect whereby color correction is reduced along, with zone count, and (3) the model used does not generate an exact blaze profile. In this paper we discuss progress in application of diffraction-based beam propagation tools in combination with a physical definition of the diffractive structure to more accurately model these secondary effects on design MTF. Results are given for some simple lenses and also the effects to be expected for a more complex zoom lens.

关键词： lens design lenses

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Third-order aberration solution using aberration polynomials for a general zoom lens design

Third-order aberration solution using aberration polynomials...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： An, Hyun Kyoung Rayces, Juan L. Reardon, Patrick J. Univ Alabama Ctr Appl Opt Huntsville AL 35899 USA JL Rayces Consulting Tucson AZ 85718 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

A mathematical approach for the third order solution for a general zoom lens design is proposed. The design starts with a first-order layout. lens elements with the proper refracting power are placed at the proper distances to meet the physical constraints of the intended lens system. For the third-order design stage, a matrix notation called "Aberration Polynomial," which clarifies the linearity of the transformation from a normal thin group configuration to a general thin,group configuration by pupil shift and conjugate shift theory is implemented. The purpose of the method is correcting low-order aberrations during the preliminary design of zoom lenses. The goal is to mathematically reduce to zero the four aberration coefficients of the third-order (spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and distortion) rather than searching for a minimum by commercial design software. Once this theory is proven and accepted, it becomes possible to determine how many groups are needed for a particular optical system. The method of aberration polynomials establishes the number of groups needed to correct a given number of aberrations at a Given number of zoom positions. Furthermore, it provides the shape or bending of the elements, from where it will be possible to continue to optimize with standard methods.

关键词： Zoom lenses Monochromatic aberrations lens design Chemical elements Distortion Astatine Patents Geometrical optics Spherical lenses optical engineering

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Estimating the factors restricting potential dynamic range in the optical scheme of acousto-optical spectrometer for the Mexican Large Millimeter Telescope

Estimating the factors restricting potential dynamic range i...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Shcherbakov, Alexandre S. Mata, Sandra E. Balderas Lucero, D. Sanchez Natl Inst Astrophys Opt & Elect AP 51 & 216 Puebla 72000 Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

Here, we consider one of the most important problems related to optimizing the performance data of a new acousto-optical spectrometer for the analysis of radio-astronomical signals. The main attention is paid to estimating two factors governing the dynamic range of that spectrometer. At first, we determine the influence of the acoustic attenuation along a large-aperture acousto-optical cell on potential levels of lobes in focal plane of the integrating lens and then describe capabilities of the incident light beam apodization for increasing the dynamic range of spectrometer. These studies lie in a line with the program of developing metrological equipment for Mexican Large Millimeter Telescope.

关键词： acousto-optics dynamic range large-aperture acousto-optical cell acoustic attenuation beam apodization

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Focal splitting and optical vortex structure induced by stress birefringence

Focal splitting and optical vortex structure induced by stre...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Spilman, Alexis K. Beckley, Amber M. Brown, Thomas G. Univ Rochester Inst Opt Rochester NY 14627 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

A variety of interesting polarization effects can be observed using a parallel-face window placed under symmetric stress of order m = 3 and illuminated with polarized light. Such windows, when placed under sufficient stress, can produce rings of alternating vortex and non-vortex fields. When light is brought to a focus, one component of circular polarization forms two nearly diffraction limited focal spots with axial separation larger than the usual depth of focus. We analyze and experimentally test these phenomena using interferometric methods as well as a Strehl ratio model and conclude by discussing applications to optical imaging.

关键词： polarization birefringence vortex beams

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Predictability and unpredictability in optical system optimization

Predictability and unpredictability in optical system optimi...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： van Turnhout, Maarten Bociort, Florian Delft Univ Technol Opt Res Grp Lorentzweg 1 NL-2628 CJ Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

Local optimization algorithms, when they are optimized only for speed, have in certain situations an unpredictable behavior: starting points very close to each other lead after optimization to different minima. In these cases, the sets of points, which, when chosen as starting points for local optimization, lead to the same minimum (the so-called basins of attraction), have a fractal-like shape. Before it finally converges to a local minimum, optimization started in a fractal region first displays chaotic transients. The sensitivity to changes in the initial conditions that leads to fractal basin borders is caused by the discontinuous evolution path (i.e. the jumps) of local optimization algorithms such as the damped-least-squares method with insufficient damping. At the cost of some speed, the fractal character of the regions can be made to vanish, and the downward paths become more predictable. The borders of the basins depend on the implementation details of the local optimization algorithm, but the saddle points in the merit function landscape always remain on these borders.

关键词： optimization optical system design saddle points fractals basins of attraction

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Vision multiplexing: an optical engineering concept for low-vision aids

Vision multiplexing: an optical engineering concept for low-...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Peli, Eli Harvard Univ Sch Med Dept Ophthalmol Schepens Eye Res Inst Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

The normal visual system provides a wide field of view apparently at high resolution. The wide field is continuously monitored at low resolution for navigation and detection of objects of interest. These objects are sampled using the high-resolution fovea, applying a temporal multiplexing scheme. Most vision impairments that cause low vision impact upon only one of the components;the peripheral low-resolution wide field or the central high-resolution fovea. The loss of one of these components prevents the interplay of central and peripheral vision needed for normal function and causes disability. Traditional low-vision aids improve the impacted component, but usually at a cost of a significant loss in the surviving component. For example, magnifying devices increase resolution but reduce the field of view, while minifying devices increase the field of view but reduce resolution. A general optical engineering approach - vision multiplexing - is presented. Vision multiplexing seeks to provide both the wide field of view and the high-resolution information in ways that could be accessed and interpreted by the visual system. The use of various optical and electro-optical methods in the development of a number of new visual aids, all of which apply vision multiplexing to restore the interplay of high-resolution and wide-angle vision using eye movements in a natural way, will be described. Vision-multiplexing devices at various stages of development and testing illustrate the successes and difficulties in applying this approach for patients with tunnel vision, hemianopia (half blindness), and visual acuity loss (usually due to central retinal disease).

关键词： bioptic telescope in-the-lens telescope IOL macular degeneration peripheral prisms retinitis pigmentosa

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Bi-centenary of successes of Fourier theorem: Its power and limitations in optical system designs

Bi-centenary of successes of Fourier theorem: Its power and ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Roychoudhuri, Chandrasekhar U Connecticut & Femto Macro Continuum Storrs Dept Phys Photon Lab Storrs CT USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

We celebrate the two hundred years of successful use of the Fourier theorem in optics. However, there is a great enigma associated with the Fourier transform integral. It is one of the most pervasively productive and useful tool of physics and optics because its foundation is based on the superposition of harmonic functions and yet we have never declared it as a principle of physics for valid reasons. And, yet there are a good number of situations where we pretend it to be equivalent to the superposition principle of physics, creating epistemological problems of enormous magnitude. The purpose of the paper is to elucidate the problems while underscoring the successes and the elegance of the Fourier theorem, which are not explicitly discussed in the literature. We will make our point by taking six major engineering fields of optics and show in each case why it works and under what restricted conditions by bringing in the relevant physics principles. The fields are (i) optical signal processing, (ii) Fourier transform spectrometry, (iii) classical spectrometry of pulsed light, (iv) coherence theory, (v) laser mode locking and (vi) pulse broadening. We underscore that mathematical Fourier frequencies, not being physical frequencies, cannot generate real physical effects on our detectors. Appreciation of this fundamental issue will open up ways to be innovative in many new optical instrument designs. We underscore the importance of always validating our design platforms based on valid physics principles (actual processes undergoing in nature) captured by an appropriate hypothesis based on diverse observations. This paper is a comprehensive view of the power and limitations of Fourier Transform by summarizing a series of SPIE conference papers presented during 2003-2007.

关键词： Fourier transforms Spectroscopy Superposition Sensors Transform theory Physics Diffraction Time-frequency analysis Visibility

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Polarization dependent proximity effects

Polarization dependent proximity effects

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conference on optical Microlithography XX

作者： Tyminski, Jacek. K. Matsuyama, Tomoyuki Nakashima, Tashiharu Schmoeller, Thomas Lewellen, John Nikon Precis Inc 1399 Shoreway Rd Belmont CA 94002 USA Synopsys Inc D-81737 Munich Germany Nikon Inc Kumagaya Saitama 3608559 Japan Synopsys Inc Mountain View CA 94043 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466396

To meet the imaging resolution requirements, driven by the evolution of IC design rules, leading-edge scanners incorporate projection lenses with hyper-NAs. Moreover, immersion scanners are being introduced into IC manufacture. Both dry and immersion tools explore the lens design regimes of unprecedented complexity. The need to predict, to analyze and to control the IC pattern CDs is met by various photolithography simulators. The continuing demand for simulation accuracy is reflected by the requirement to quantify the scanner projection lens fingerprints, i.e. projection lens infinitesimal excursions from the ideal performance. The scanner engineering community has been relying on photolithography simulators to analyze the impact of the projection lens fingerprints on the imaging characteristics. However small, these excursions are always present in the projection tools and they control important imaging characteristics such as overlay, CD uniformity, across-field exposure latitude, to name but a few. Customarily, phase front aberrations and lens pupil apodization signatures have been used to predict the scanners imaging responses. Of course, the need to design, to manufacture and to deploy scanners of ever improving quality resulted in dramatic reductions of these non-ideal imaging excursions. The evolution of IC designs and imaging tools complexity escalate the requirements for imaging simulation accuracy. Simultaneously, predicting scanner imaging response has become a key mission in the Deign For Manufacture arena. In view of these developments, it necessary to pose a question if the conventional equipment engineering and imaging simulation methodologies predict scanner imaging responses with the accuracy required by the IC design rules. Differently put, the question is: what is necessary to provide simulation accuracy required by the current IC design rules? This report attempts to address these questions.

关键词： projection lens model vectorization wavefront aberrations optical proximity effects

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Stabilization of the line of sight of a cryogenic optical system

Stabilization of the line of sight of a cryogenic optical sy...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Ren, Qifeng Shen, Mangzuo Tan, Shuliang Liao, Sheng Chinese Acad Sci Inst Opt & Elect 4-9 Renminnan Rd Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Cryogenic optical systems are often mounted in vacuum cryostat. An interesting concern in the mechanical design is how to maintain the stability of the line of sight (LOS) of the cryogenic optical system when it is cooled down to very low temperature. To investigate this problem an experimental cryogenic optical system, its mounting structure, and a cryostat were designed and fabricated. After assembling them together, a test experiment for measuring the LOS drift was carried out. Finally, the test results will be presented in this paper.

关键词： cryogenic optical system line of sight optomechanical design optical test

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End-to-end compensation of digital-optical imaging systems

End-to-end compensation of digital-optical imaging systems

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Robinson, M. Dirk Stork, David G. Ricoh Innovat 2882 Sand Hill RdSuite 115 Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Reliable fabrication and assembly of high-quality electro-optical imaging systems is a critical challenge facing electro-optical imaging system manufacturers. optical compensation is one standard approach for minimizing the effects of errors introduced during the manufacture and construction of the optical subsystems. We describe how digital image processing should be considered as a form of compensation when evaluating a complete imaging system. We describe a novel method for digital-optical compensation which jointly adjusts both optical parameters and image processing parameters to maximize end-to-end imaging performance. We verify the superiority of this joint compensation strategy over the traditional sequential compensation through several example imaging systems.

关键词： digital imaging optical design image processing lens testing compensation

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