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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XXV"

共 444 条记录，以下是381-390 订阅

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Optomechanical design of the incubator Wide Field of View Imaging Spectrometer

Optomechanical design of the incubator Wide Field of View Im...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Haring, RE Vanstone, G Nguyen, F Rodil, C Orbital Sci Corp Pomona CA 91767 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

The optomechanical design of the Wide Field of View Imaging Spectrometer (WFIS) is presented. Developed under NASA's Instrument Incubator Program, the Incubator WFIS is a hyperspectral-imaging spectrometer covering a 120 degrees x .015 degrees field of view over a 360 nm to 1000 nm spectral range. The Incubator's mission is to demonstrate, via night aboard NASA's DC-8 Research Aircraft, new technology for earth science. The Incubator WFIS is designed specifically for observing the earth and earth's atmosphere for chemistry and aerosol studies. The optomechanical design couples an off-axis F/3 Schwarzschild telescope to a three element Offner Spectrometer using two unique anamorphic/aspheric field elements. The complete sensor, including a CCD detector and electronics, occupies a volume of approximately cubic shape measuring 25 cm on an edge. An off-axis optical system such as the incubator WFIS requires a multidisciplinary design approach. This paper emphasizes the importance that systems approach plays in optomechanical design. This is typified by the trades performed to establish the optimum design alternative for the optical metering structure to achieve the 0.010 nm wavelength stability (with a 0.005 nn goal) needed for the science mission.

关键词： hyperspectral imaging remote sensing

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Thermo-elastic wavefront and polarization error analysis of a telecommunication optical circulator

Thermo-elastic wavefront and polarization error analysis of ...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Doyle, KB Bell, MM Opt Res Associates Westborough MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

Loss in optical fiber coupling efficiency and transmission are computed for a telecommunication optical circulator. optical performance degradation is due to thermally induced optical errors in the two beam splitter cubes. The computation of the optical errors is discussed for two materials and the effects illustrated. Bulk, volumetric absorption of the incident laser radiation from the input optical fiber and surface absorption via the coatings on the beam splitter interface generate temperature gradients. Loss in optical fiber coupling efficiency is produced by wavefront error caused by thermal expansion effects, and refractive index changes with temperature and stress. Transmission loss in the optical circulator is caused by polarization errors generated by the effects of stress birefringence. The optical errors were computed using temperatures generated from a Thermal Desktop model and displacements and stresses generated by a MSC/Nastran finite element model. The optical errors were imposed upon a Code V optical model to compute loss in fiber coupling efficiency and transmission in the optical circulator.

关键词： beam splitter cubes wavefront error fiber coupling efficiency optical circulator stress birefringence thermo-elastic analysis

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Increasing the phased field of view of large distributed aperture telescope arrays

Increasing the phased field of view of large distributed ape...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Sigler, RD Palmer, AL Lockheed Martin Space and Strategic Missiles (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

There are some unique optical design considerations in the design of a distributed aperture telescope array consisting of a number of individual afocal collector telescopes and a single combining telescope. As might be expected, diffraction limited imagery over the field of view requires the correction of spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism and field curvature. However, there is an additional requirement on the design of the collectors. Coherent addition of the light from the collectors requires that the ratio of the sine of the input and output chief ray angles be essentially constant over the field of view. This output angle restriction is equivalent to requiring the collector telescopes to have a specific variation in angular magnification with field. Variation of magnification with field is, by definition, image distortion. With simple two and three mirror afocal collector telescope designs, there are insufficient design degrees of freedom to control distortion in addition to the other aberrations. In this paper, we present a modification to a three-mirror collector design that permits the image distortion to be adjusted in a controlled manner without influencing the other third order, Seidel aberrations. This modification permits a large distributed aperture telescope array to be designed that has both a simple optical form and a much larger phased (i.e. corrected) Field of view. As a design example, we investigate the effect of the distortion correcting element on the size of the achievable field of view for a 45 meter diameter distributed aperture telescope array populated with 8 meter diameter collectors.

关键词： lens design distributed aperture telescope aberration theory distortion

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design of coded structured light based on square-shaped primitives 19

Design of coded structured light based on square-shaped prim...

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19th conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering

作者： Lau, Chi-Chung Sun, Ching-Chern Yang, Tsung-Hsun Yu, Yeh-Wei Chou, Si-Min Ind Technol Res Inst Green Energy & Environm Res Labs Bldg 24195Sec 4Chung Hsin Rd Hsinchu 31057 Taiwan Natl Cent Univ Dept Opt & Photon Kwoh Ting Opt & Photon Bldg300 Jhongda Rd Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781510620629

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620629

This paper presents a new pattern design for encoding structured light for scanning 3D surface and the decoding process. The basic unit of the pattern is a code-block that contains one central label and eight square-shaped primitives that provide two functions: code-block indexing and point-positions for triangulating. The square-shaped primitive has one notch in a different position to represent 8 digit numbers, which are easily to convert label to number for indexing code-block. One primitive also contributes five point-positions, centroid and four extreme, for triangulating and estimating 3D information. The design of code-block has eight 8-bit numbers allowing a higher error-tolerant and providing better resolution in 3D reconstruction. Experiment shows that the proposed pattern is suitable for indoor mapping and large scene scanning.

关键词： coded structured light primitives 3-D data acquisition computer vision

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Optimizing trefoil phase plates design for color wavefront coding 19

Optimizing trefoil phase plates design for color wavefront c...

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19th conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering

作者： Olvera-Angeles, Miguel Padilla-Vivanco, Alfonso Ortega, Karina Sasian, Jose Schwiegerling, Jim Arines, Justo Acosta, Eva Univ Politecn Tulancingo Hidalgo 43629 Mexico Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Santiago de Compostela Fac Fis Santiago De Compostela 15782 Spain

ISBN: (数字)9781510620629

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620629

Wavefront coding refers to the use of a phase modulating element in conjunction with deconvolution to extend the depth of focus of an imaging system. The coding element is an asymmetrical phase plate shape, for most applications in the form of a trefoil or a cubic polynomial. Phase plates with trefoil shape generate not only the desired amount of trefoil aberration but also spherical aberration. It has been recently shown that a wavefront coding based optical system shows high tolerance to spherical aberration for monochromatic images;however, the depth of focus is considerably shortened for color images. In this work, we will show how to modify the shape of a phase plate in order to optimize its performance for color imaging. The design parameters of the phase plate are obtained by minimizing a merit function by means of genetic algorithms developed for this purpose. The evaluation of the optical characteristics of the phase plates for a feedback with the optimization algorithm is obtained by Zemax. Results will be illustrated by numerical simulations of color images.

关键词： Wavefront coding spherical aberration color imaging optimization genetic algorithms

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System matrix generation for 3D tomographic reconstructions using an optical design software 19

System matrix generation for 3D tomographic reconstructions ...

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19th conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering

作者： Rilling, Madison Bourrassaa, Francois Archambault, Louis Thibault, Simon Univ Laval Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt Quebec City PQ Canada Univ Laval Ctr Hosp Univ CHU Quebec Ctr Rech Quebec City PQ Canada Ctr Opt Photon & Laser Quebec City PQ Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781510620629

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620629

3D imaging of solid targets using plenoptic cameras has been extensively explored and optimized over the years. Unfortunately, these imaging techniques, typically making use of triangulation methods and contrast recognition for depth estimation, lose their validity when imaging translucent media. For these cases, tomographic reconstruction has been shown to be a promising avenue for recovering the 3D shape of a translucent volume. Apart from the tomographic reconstruction algorithm itself, the accuracy of a reconstructed solution depends on the set of measured projections and on the system matrix. A proper determination of the system matrix is key as its elements describe the weighted contribution of a voxel in object space to one in image space;however, computing the matrix elements can consist of an arduous task as it requires a priori knowledge of the imaging system and precise modeling of the physical properties of the acquisition process. In this work, we present how an optical design software can be used to generate such system matrices. Compared with approximation methods involving paraxial ray tracing, the proposed method offers the main advantage of real ray tracing, in which the computed weighted contributions intrinsically account for optical aberrations in the imaging system. Physical properties of light propagation within the translucent medium can also be taken into account when using non-sequential modes. Using a ray tracing software thus offers great flexibility in designing plenoptic imaging systems used with 3D tomographic reconstruction techniques.

关键词： optical design software 3D tomographic reconstruction ray tracing ray tracing plenoptic camera translucent media 3D emission computed tomography

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Inclusion of energetic features in wavefront descriptions

Inclusion of energetic features in wavefront descriptions

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Pizarro, C Arasa, J Royo, S Tomàs, N UPC Tech Univ Catalunya Ctr Dev Sensors Instrumentat & Syst CD6 E-08222 Terrassa Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

Different wavefront description possibilities are today available to the optical designer, usually in the form of polynomial fitting (Seidel, Zernike, monomials...). This kind of representations have the general drawback of being based merely in the geometrical shape of the wavefront considered, calculated as a distribution of optical path differences, without taking into account the energetic distribution present in the wavefront. As a consequence, optimization of optical systems is carried on based only on geometrical criterions, while applications tend to rely more on energetic properties of the wavefront (detection on CCD arrays or photodiodes, image formation, etc). In this paper we are proposing a new type of wavefront descriptor which includes its energetic distribution. The description is based on classical ray tracing procedures, in such a way that in each surface normal to the axis of the optical system, information on the position (z,y) and director cosines (w,v) of the ray are known, together with the energy flux assigned to each ray (F). This allows obtaining the energetic distribution in any plane in the optical system together with the classical wavefront description based in OPD calculations, allowing to obtain complementary wavefront information. This complementary wavefront description has been applied to some simple optical systems (a large diameter cemented achromatic doublet, and a Cooke's triplet) showing how even in these very simple case the differences in the energetic distribution and the geometrical shape at the exit pupil plane are relevant. Such a fact is demonstrated by least-squares fitting of the surfaces to a monomial representation, allowing the determination of the different primary aberration coefficients. Finally, differences in the geometrical PSF and the energetic distribution calculated are plotted to show they may achieve maximum deviations of up to 11% of the PSF value for the doublet, and 25% for the triplet. In addition, t

关键词： optical design wavefront descriptor optimization radiometry

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Fielding of an imaging VISAR diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility (NIF)

Fielding of an imaging VISAR diagnostic at the National Igni...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering V

作者： Malone, RM Bower, JR Capelle, GA Celeste, JR Celliers, PM Frogget, BC Guyton, RL Kaufman, MI Lare, GA Lee, TL MacGowan, BJ Montelongo, S Ng, EW Thomas, TL Tunnell, TW Watts, PW Bechtel Nevada Los Alamos NM 87544 USA Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab Livermore CA 94551 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819454613

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) requires diagnostics to analyze high-energy density physics experiments. As a core NIF early light diagnostic, this system measures shock velocities, shock breakout times, and shock emission of targets with sizes from I to 5 mm. A 659.5 nm VISAR probe laser illuminates the target. An 8-inch-diameter fused silica triplet lens collects light at f/3 inside the 33-foot-diameter vacuum chamber. The optical relay sends the image out an equatorial port, through a 2-inch-thick vacuum window, and into two VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector) interferometers. Both streak cameras and CCD cameras record the images. Total track is 75 feet. The front end of the optical relay can be temporarily removed from the equatorial port, allowing for other experimenters to use that port. The first triplet can be no closer than 500 mm from the target chamber center and is protected from debris by a blast window that is replaced after every event. Along with special coatings on the mirrors, cutoff filters reject the NIF drive laser wavelengths and pass a band of wavelengths for VISAR, for passive shock breakout light, or for thermal imaging light (bypassing the interferometers). Finite Element Analysis was performed on all mounting structures. All optical lenses are on kinematic mounts, so that the pointing accuracy of the optical axis can be checked. A two-color laser alignment scheme is discussed.

关键词： VISAR optical relay interferometer National Ignition Facility (NIF) streak camera

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design of Wearable Binoculars with On-Demand Zoom

Design of Wearable Binoculars with On-Demand Zoom

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Boye, Robert R. Goeke, Ronald S. Hunt, Jeffery P. Ison, Aaron M. Jared, Bradley H. Pillars, Jamin R. Saavedra, Michael P. Sweatt, William C. Yelton, W. Graham Winrow, Edward G. Wolfley, Steve L. Sandia Natl Labs Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Sandia has developed an optical design for wearable binoculars utilizing freeform surfaces and switchable mirrors. The goals of the effort included a design lightweight enough to be worn by the user while providing a useful field of view and magnification as well as non-mechanical switching between normal and zoomed vision. Sandia's approach is a four mirror, off-axis system taking advantage of the weight savings and chromatic performance of a reflective system. The system incorporates an electrochromic mirror on the final surface before the eye allowing the user to switch between viewing modes. Results from a prototype of a monocular version with 6.6x magnification will be presented. The individual mirrors, including three off-axis aspheres and one true freeform, were fabricated using a diamond-turning based process. A slow-slide servo process was used for the freeform element. Surface roughness and form measurement of the freeform mirror will be presented as well as the expected impact on performance. The alignment and assembly procedure will be reviewed as well as the measured optical performance of the prototype. In parallel to the optical design work, development of an electrochromic mirror has provided a working device with faster switching than current state of the art. Switchable absorbers have been demonstrated with switching times less than 0.5 seconds. The deposition process and characterization of these devices will be presented. Finally, details of an updated optical design with additional freeform surfaces will be presented as well as plans for integrating the electrochromic mirror into the system.

关键词： Freeform optics Head-mounted optics Diamond-turning Reflective optics Electrochromic Switchable mirror

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Research on chromatic properties of high order kinoform 15

Research on chromatic properties of high order kinoform

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Wegrzynska, K. Rachon, M. Doch, M. Siemion, A. Suszek, J. Kolodziejczyk, A. Sypek, M. Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Phys PL-00662 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

This work is dedicated to the evaluation of the chromatic properties of high order kinoforms. Typical kinoform (of the first order) is a phase only structure having the phase retardation varying in the range 0-2 pi. Such structures are very commonly used in many practical applications for different ranges of electromagnetic radiation like ultraviolet, visible, infrared, terahertz and millimeter waves. Besides those benefits such structures have one crucial disadvantage - they suffer from big chromatic aberration. This limits their practical application only to the narrowband work, where main wavelength must be well defined (Delta lambda/lambda<<1). This paper presents other type of diffractive structures called high order kinoforms (HOK). They exhibit phase retardation of n2 pi, where n is an integer number much bigger than 1. Due to this fact they are relatively thin and therefore can be manufactured using laser lithography in thick photoresist (deeply etched). On the other hand they are thick enough to suppress chromatic aberrations. In comparison to the well-known Fresnel lens, the high order kinoform structure has precisely controlled phase retardation between different zones. In the case of the Fresnel lens (known from XVIII/XIX century), phase retardations between different zones are random (designing process is based on the geometrical optics). In the case of the high order kinoform working as the spherical lens - taking into account the real size of the detector - it can be shown that the most of the energy being focused in the focal spot will be registered by the detector for different wavelengths. The paper presents simple theoretical considerations, numerical modeling and their experimental evaluation.

关键词： diffractive optics kinoform higher order kinoform chromatic aberration optical elements

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