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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XXV"

共 444 条记录，以下是411-420 订阅

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Investigation of the optical and Structural Properties of WO₃ Thin Films with Different Sputtering Power Supplies

Investigation of the Optical and Structural Properties of WO...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIII

作者： Chen, Hsi-Chao Jan, Der-Jun Chen, Chien-Han Huang, Kuo-Ting Luo, Yu-Siang Chen, Jia-Min Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Grad Sch Optoelect Yunlin 64002 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492036

The purpose of this research was to investigate the optical and structural properties of tungsten oxide (WO3) thin films deposited with three different sputtering power supplies: direct current (DC), DC pulse and radio frequency (RF). These WO3 thin films were deposited on ITO glass and silicon substrate with different gas ratios of oxygen and argon (O-2/Ar ratio). WO3 thin film is the role of the electrochromic window was resulted from the advantages of large variation in optical density, high response efficiency, no toxicity and low cost. The experimental results showed that optical intensity increased with the increasing of O-2/Ar ratio and all films have the 950cm(-1) peak which the bonding of W+6=O in Raman spectra. Hence, the O-2/Ar ratio was changed from 0.4 to 0.8 to study the ability of coloring and bleaching for the three different power supplies. Anyways, the WO3 thin films had the best electrochromic property at the O-2/Ar ratio of 0.7, 0.6 and 0.6 for DC, DC pulse, and RF, respectively. The transmittances could be over 75% for all films at as-deposited and the deposition rates were between 0.8 and 0.1 angstrom s(-1). Simultaneously, the transmittance variations (Delta T) were 51%, 57% and 53% for DC, DC pulse, and RF power sources at wavelength of 550 nm, respectively. The coloration ability of WO3 thin film deposition with power supply of DC pulse was better than that of the DC and RF.

关键词： Tungsten oxide (WO3) direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering pulsed DC sputtering radio frequency (RF) sputtering Raman spectra

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Modeling and design of a multichannel chromatic aberration compensated imaging system 16

Modeling and design of a multichannel chromatic aberration c...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XVI

作者： Belay, Gebirie Y. Ottevaere, Heidi Vervaeke, Michael Van Erps, Jurgen Thienpont, Hugo Vrije Univ Brussel Fac Engn Dept Appl Phys & Photon TONA Brussels Photon TeamB PHOT B-1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417449

Conventional multichannel imaging systems comprise of many optical channels having similar imaging properties, namely field-of-view (FOV) and angular resolution/magnification. We demonstrated that the different optical channels can be designed such that each optical channel captures a different FOV and angular resolution compared to its neighboring channels. We designed and experimentally demonstrated a three-channel multiresolution imaging system where the first optical channel has the narrowest FOV (7 degrees) and highest angular resolution (0.0096 degrees) and the third optical channel has the widest FOV (80 degrees) and lowest angular resolution (0.0780 degrees)(1). The second optical channel has intermediate properties. The performance of the demonstrated three-channel imaging system however was affected by chromatic aberrations as it was designed for a single wavelength of 587.6 nm. The first optical channel was largely influenced by longitudinal chromatic aberration while the third channel by lateral chromatic aberration. Therefore, we have replaced the aspherical refractive lenses by hybrid lenses, which contain diffractive structures on top of their refractive surfaces, in the three-channel multiresolution imaging system to reduce its chromatic aberrations. The performance of the three channels with hybrid lenses is compared with those of the corresponding channels without hybrid lenses. The longitudinal color aberration of the first optical channel has been reduced from 1.7 mm to 0.2 mm;whereas the lateral color aberration of the third optical channel has been reduced from 250 mu m to 14 mu m. In conclusion, the hybrid lenses have reduced the chromatic aberrations of the three channels and extended the operating spectral range of the imaging system in the visible wavelength range.

关键词： Multi-resolution imaging systems angular resolution multi-channel chromatic aberrations

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Baffling system for the Wide Angle Camera (WAC) of ROSETTA mission

Baffling system for the Wide Angle Camera (WAC) of ROSETTA m...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Brunello, P Peron, F Barbieri, C Fornasier, S IUAV Univ Dept Bldg Construct Venice Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

After the experience of GIOTTO fly-by to comet Halley in 1986, the European Space Agency planned to improve the scientific knowledge of these astronomical objects by means of an even more ambitious rendezvous mission with another comet (P/Wirtanen). This mission, named ROSETTA, will go on from 2003 to 2013, ending after the comet perihelion phase and including also the ny-by with two asteroids of the main belt (140 Siwa and 4979 Otawara). Scientific priority of the mission is the in situ investigation of the cometary nucleus, with the aim of better understanding the formation and the composition of planetesimals and their evolution over the last 4.5 billions of years. In this context, the Authors were involved in the design of the baffling for the Wide Angle Camera (WAC) of the imaging system (OSIRIS) carried on board of the spacecraft. Scientific requirements for the WAC are: a large field of view (FOV) of 12 degrees x 12 degrees with a resolution of 100 mu rad per pixel, UV response, and a contrast ratio of 10(-4) in order to detect gaseous and dusty features close to the nucleus of the comet. To achieve these performances, a fairly novel class of optical solutions employing off-axis sections of concentric mirrors was explored. Regarding baffling, the peculiar demand was the rejection of stray-light generated by the optics for sources within the FOV, since the optical entrance aperture is located at the level of the secondary mirror (instead of the primary as usual). This paper describes the baffle design and analyzes its performances, calculated by numerical simulation with ray tracing methods, at different angles of incidence of the Light, for sources both outside and inside the field of view.

关键词： baffling system optical design stray-light analysis

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Optimum design of a lightweight mirror using aluminum foam or honeycomb sandwich construction - A case study for the GLAS telescope

Optimum design of a lightweight mirror using aluminum foam o...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Conkey, SB Lee, C Chaykovsky, S Content, D Morell, A Budinoff, J Swales Aerosp Inc Beltsville MD 20705 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

A simple closed form solution was derived for the optimum weight design of a cylindrical sandwich mirror for a given self-weight deflection and mirror radius. This optimum solution is based on the generalized deflection equation for an axisymmetrically supported thick circular plate. This two parameter equation of deflection captures the deflection of the plate caused by bending and transverse shear. The solution yields the optimum facesheet thickness, core thickness, and core density. The derived optimum solution was used in a case study for the GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) primary mirror. This Beryllium mirror is manufactured with an open back isogrid pattern. The objective of this study is to determine a lightweight mirror design using Aluminum sandwich construction that can meet the performances of the current mirror and reduce fabrication costs. With the optimum solution several first order approximations using Aluminum honeycomb or foam core were determined. The performance, 1 g deflection, and wave front error of these designs was determined from Finite Element Analysis. The results conclude that sandwich construction outperforms the isogrid design by significant margins on both weight and distortion if the same material is used. Because of its superior specific stiffness the Beryllium isogrid design still marginally outperforms the optimum Aluminum sandwich design. However, the Aluminum sandwich design should provide significant advantages on cost and ease of fabrication over Beryllium isogrid designs.

关键词： aluminum foam lightweight sandwich panel mirror optimization

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Fabrication of subcutaneous veins phantom for Vessel visualization system

Fabrication of subcutaneous veins phantom for Vessel visuali...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Cheng, Kai Narita, Kazuyuki Morita, Yusuke Nakamachi, Eiji Honda, Norihiro Awazu, Kunio Doshisha Univ Dept Med Engn 1-3 Miyakodani Kyotanabe Kyoto 6100394 Japan Osaka Univ Ctr Adv Med Engn & Informat Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

The technique of subcutaneous veins imaging by using NIR (Near Infrared Radiation) is widely used in medical applications, such as the intravenous injection and the blood sampling. In the previous study, an automatic 3D blood vessel search and automatic blood sampling system was newly developed. In order to validate this NIR imaging system, we adopted the subcutaneous vein in the human arm and its artificial phantom, which imitate the human fat and blood vessel. The human skin and subcutaneous vein is characterized as the uncertainty object, which has the individual specificity, non-accurate depth information, non-steady state and hardly to be fixed in the examination apparatus. On the other hand, the conventional phantom was quite distinct from the human's characteristics, such as the non-multilayer structure, disagreement of optical property. In this study, we develop a multilayer phantom, which is quite similar with human skin, for improvement of NIR detection system evaluation. The phantom consists of three layers, such as the epidermis layer, the dermis layer and the subcutaneous fat layer. In subcutaneous fat layer, we built a blood vessel. We use the intralipid to imitate the optical scattering characteristics of human skin, and the hemoglobin and melanin for the optical absorption characteristics. In this study, we did two subjects. First, we decide the fabrication process of the phantom. Second, we compared newly developed phantoms with human skin by using our NIR detecting system, and confirm the availability of these phantoms.

关键词： NIR Vessel Visualization Phantom optical Property Skin Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Fat Intralipid Melanin Hemoglobin

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Improving the optical and electrical properties of fluorine-doped tin oxide films by various post-annealing treatments

Improving the optical and electrical properties of fluorine-...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XI - and Advances in Thin Film Coatings VI

作者： Chen, Pin-Jen Liao, Bo-Huei Kuo, Chien-Cheng Lee, Cheng-Chung Natl Cent Univ Thin Film Technol Ctr Dept Opt & Photon Chungli 320 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482822

Transparent conducting Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering from cost saving metal targets. We observed lower resistivity and higher average transmittance in the visible range after the application of various post heating treatments. The electrical and optical properties of FTO films were investigated. When the annealing temperature is 400 degrees C in air, the average transmittance is 79.79% with the lowest resistivity of 1.38x10(-3) Omega-cm, carrier density of 2.27x10(20) cm(-3) and mobility of 20 cm(2)/V-s. When the annealing temperature is 400 degrees Cin a H-2 5%+N-2 95% atmosphere, the average transmittance is 79.75 % with the lowest resistivity of 1.26x10(-3) Omega-cm, carrier density of 2.17x10(20) cm(-3) and mobility of 22.8 cm(2)/V-s. When the annealing temperature is 350 degrees Cin vacuum, the average transmittance is 80.48% with the lowest resistivity of 1.23x10(-3) Omega-cm, carrier density of 4.40x10(20) cm(-3) and mobility of 11.6 cm(2)/V-s.

关键词： Pulse DC magnetron sputtering CF4 FTO TCO Post-annealing

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Bound-Abrasive Grinding and Polishing of Surfaces of optical Materials

Bound-Abrasive Grinding and Polishing of Surfaces of Optical...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XI - and Advances in Thin Film Coatings VI

作者： Filatov, Yuriy D. Filatov, Olexandr Yu Monteil, Guy Heisel, Uwe Storchak, Michael Natl Acad Sci Ukraine Bakul Inst Superhard Mat 2 Avtozavodskaya UA-04074 Kiev Ukraine Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr F-25000 Besancon France Univ Stuttgart D-70174 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482822

Problems of improving efficiency and quality of diamond-abrasive finishing of optical materials by tools with bounded polishing powders, including diamond powder, by means of the improvement of the machining technology and application of new tools with functionally oriented designs and characteristics of working layer are considered. A model has been proposed of the slime particle formation and directional removal as well as of the generation of a high-quality surface in diamond-abrasive finishing of optical materials taking into account the peculiarities of the mass transfer in the contact zone and statistic character of the distribution of slime particles by size. The dependences of the particle number on the diffusion angle and coordinate of the contact have been derived in the studies of the dynamics of collision and diffusion of slime particles. The coordinate dependence of the flat surface roughness of glass K8 optics in fine diamond grinding has been described. Interaction and dispersion of deterioration particles in a contact zone of the tool and a processed sample in the course of polishing is described and the dispersion structure of deterioration particles of the tool on slime particles and on deterioration particles is explained oscillatory. It is shown, that differential dispersion section of deterioration particles on slime particles no less than on deterioration particles as much as possible at corners of dispersion close to 0 and 180o on the central sites of a contact zone. Coordinate dependence of full dispersion section of deterioration particles of the tool and dependence of microprofile height of the processed surface on circular zones radius are calculated. Conformity of experimental and theoretical microroughness profiles of a polished surface on a quartz sample is shown.

关键词： Grinding Polishing optical materials Slime particles Collision Diffusion Roughness

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Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation fluxes

Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation f...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XIV

作者： Lenef, Alan Kelso, John Zheng, Yi Tchoul, Maxim OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc Corp Technol CRSL Beverly MA 01915 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Ceramic phosphors, excited by high radiance pump sources, offer considerable potential for high radiance conversion. Interestingly, thermodynamic arguments suggest that the radiance of the luminescent spot can even exceed that of the incoming light source. In practice, however, thermal quenching and (non-thermal) optical saturation limit the maximum attainable radiance of the luminescent source. We present experimental data for Ce:YAG and Ce:GdYAG ceramics in which these limits have been investigated. High excitation fluxes are achieved using laser pumping. optical pumping intensities exceeding 100W/mm(2) have been shown to produce only modest efficiency depreciation at low overall pump powers because of the short Ce3+ lifetime, although additional limitations exist. When pump powers are higher, heat-transfer bottlenecks within the ceramic and heat-sink interfaces limit maximum pump intensities. We find that surface temperatures of these laser-pumped ceramics can reach well over 150 degrees C, causing thermal-quenching losses. We also find that in some cases, the loss of quantum efficiency with increasing temperature can cause a thermal run-away effect, resulting in a rapid loss in converted light, possibly over-heating the sample or surrounding structures. While one can still obtain radiances on the order of many W/mm(2)/sr, temperature quenching effects ultimately limit converted light radiance. Finally, we use the diffusion-approximation radiation transport models and rate equation models to simulate some of these nonlinear optical pumping and heating effects in high-scattering ceramics.

关键词： radiance phosphors ceramics saturation thermal quenching entropy optical pumping

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Surface Micro-Structuring of Glassy Carbon for Precision Glass molding of Diffractive optical Elements 15

Surface Micro-Structuring of Glassy Carbon for Precision Gla...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Prater, Karin Dukwen, Julia Scharf, Toralf Herzig, Hans Peter Hermerschmidt, Andreas Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Opt & Photon Technol Lab CH-2000 Neuchatel Switzerland Fraunhofer Inst Prod Technol IPT D-52074 Aachen Germany CHOLOEYE Photon AG D-12489 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Glassy carbon is used nowadays for a variety of applications because of its mechanical strength, thermal stability and non-sticking adhesion properties. This makes it also a suitable candidate as mold material for precision compression molding of low and high glass-transition temperature materials. To fabricate molds for diffractive optics a high-resolution structuring technique is needed. We introduce a process that allows the micro-structuring of glassy carbon by reactive ion etching. Key parameters such as uniformity, surface roughness, edge definition and lateral resolution are discussed. They are the most relevant parameters for a stamp in optical applications. The use of titanium as a hard mask makes it possible to achieve a reasonable selectivity of 4:1, which has so far been one of the main problems in micro-structuring of glassy carbon. We investigate the titanium surface structure with its 5-10 nm thick layer of TiO2 grains and its influence on the shape of the hard mask. In our fabrication procedure we were able to realize optically flat diffractive structures with slope angles of more than 80 degrees at typical feature sizes of 5 mu m and at 700 nm depth. The fabricated glassy carbon molds were applied to thermal imprinting onto different glasses. Glassy carbon molds with 1 mm thickness were tested with binary optical structures. Our experiments show the suitability of glassy carbon as molds for cost efficient mass production with a high quality.

关键词： diffractive optical element glass molding glassy carbon reactive ion etching fused silica molding

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current developments in optical engineering IV

Current Developments in Optical Engineering IV

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current developments in optical engineering IV

The Proceedings of the conference contains 27 papers representing the very latest developments in the optical and optical engineering subject areas not covered in the other conferences at the annual San Diego meeting. This Proceedings includes papers on basic optical design and engineering, e.g. the optomechanical laboratory hardware, its organization, terminology and devices;a precision dual positioning system;a Wollaston polarizer in imaging systems;a 20-element long focal length zoom lens;photolithographic lenses;a reflection microcirculation microscope. The session on optical fabrication and testing includes papers on computer simulation of interferometer performance;adaptive optics wavefront corrector using addressable liquid crystal retarders;microlens array manufacture;design of Shack-Hartmann plate with GRIN rod lenses;Chinese adaptive astronomical telescope. The session on waveguide and diffractive optics and microlithography comprises papers on the fabrication of ion-exchanged glass channel waveguides with etched and diffused grating taps;modular fiber optic assembly technique;forward photorefractive multibeam mixing in BaTiO3;correcting chromatic aberration in holographic optical systems. Miscellaneous topics include articles on optomechanical properties of PMMA and their applications in pressure sensors and on a Fabry-Perot tunable filter for visible and near IR using nematic liquid crystals.

关键词： optical Systems

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