This paper describes the cumulative status to-date, and currentdevelopments in the British Aerospace IR scene projector system technology in early 1997. The systems have been developed for Hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL)...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424994
This paper describes the cumulative status to-date, and currentdevelopments in the British Aerospace IR scene projector system technology in early 1997. The systems have been developed for Hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation in missile test and evaluation facilities. Historically, the technology has been called ''Thermal Picture Synthesis'' an early equivalent of what is now known as Infra-red Scene Projection (IRSP). Earlier generations of system were based on a monolithic resistor-substrate construction, a modification of which is still used for ground target simulations (TPS3), whereas the more recent systems for air target simulations are based on fully suspended resistor designs (TPS4). These projector systems incorporating full scale arrays have been fabricated at up to 256 x 256 complexity. Research work is being carried out on high temperature arrays for air-to-air countermeasure simulations, and the first TPS5 full system at 512 x 512 complexity has completed its design stage and has recently moved into fabrication. Research testbed arrays of 768 x 768 have just been made, and 1024 x 1024 arrays are presently being fabricated. The paper includes an initial introduction to the basics of the technology, and is followed by a section on certain specialised features to combat inherent issues in the technology. Specifications and the current status of each category of device is then given.
This paper presents an optical principle based on four right angle prisms with an optional intermediate lens that allows a large aperture combined with a large field of regard. The optics can be fitted into a small vo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
This paper presents an optical principle based on four right angle prisms with an optional intermediate lens that allows a large aperture combined with a large field of regard. The optics can be fitted into a small volume and the major part of the thermal imager is placed off-gimbal.
Genetic algorithm and its application in lensdesign is studied. A new algorithm is presented which includes a genetic algorithm (GA) and damped least square (DLS) method. The convergence property of GA in lensdesign...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
Genetic algorithm and its application in lensdesign is studied. A new algorithm is presented which includes a genetic algorithm (GA) and damped least square (DLS) method. The convergence property of GA in lensdesign is demonstrated. A GA. generated design is obtained without artificial intervention. The aberration correction has to be done by DLS, and the result is close to the starting configuration generated by GA.
In this paper, combining refractive and diffractive effects, a new kind of infrared lenses with wavelength 10.6 mu m was designed and produced for CO2 laser material processing. This refractive-diffractive lens (RDL) ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
In this paper, combining refractive and diffractive effects, a new kind of infrared lenses with wavelength 10.6 mu m was designed and produced for CO2 laser material processing. This refractive-diffractive lens (RDL) converts a CO2 laser beam into the rectangular shape with light intensity distribution in the concave shape at x-direction. A method which employs input aperture division and geometrical transformation technique for obtaining a better initial phase distribution of the iteration is presented. The experimental results show that the desired shape of the output light beam was obtained with a high efficiency in energy utilization.
A special surface geometry of diffractive Fresnel-lenses, which is well adapted to the kartesian working regime of most microlithographic machines, is presented in this paper. Due to this adaption the amount of data n...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
A special surface geometry of diffractive Fresnel-lenses, which is well adapted to the kartesian working regime of most microlithographic machines, is presented in this paper. Due to this adaption the amount of data neccessary for the description of the exposure and also the exposure-time decreases drastically and so the realization of large area diffractive lenses and lens-arrays became possible. In this paper we compare the modified lens-geometry with the common radially symmetrical diffractive Fresnel-lens and we show some experimental results which we obtained for a lens realized by electron-beam lithography.
The design of a compact contact microscope, which can be used in-vivo to study the cataracts in human eyes is presented. This microscope has the capability to evaluate the changes in the optical density within the eye...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
The design of a compact contact microscope, which can be used in-vivo to study the cataracts in human eyes is presented. This microscope has the capability to evaluate the changes in the optical density within the eye lens itself, and thus enabling an examiner to ascertain the progression of a cataractous change or at least the optical changes associated with cataractous development. The microscope has a variable focal length so it can be focused at any depth through the entire thickness of the eye lens. A separate small objective lens is spring loaded against the cornea (like a tonometer tip) so that the natural eye movements can occur safely during the examination. The distance between the objective lens and rest of the optics is variable to accommodate the movements of the eye due to pulse or breathing without affecting the image quality of the instrument. The layer by layer images can be captured on a CCD camera and stored in the computer. The reconstruction software can quantitatively display the characteristics of the cataracts, such as the location, size, and density. The opticaldesign and performance results for the microscope are presented. The optomechanical design features of the microscope are also discussed.
High performance infrared opticaldesigns require careful tolerancing to ensure that the as built performance meets the system requirements. Using modem opticaldesign programs a wide variety of single element and gro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
High performance infrared opticaldesigns require careful tolerancing to ensure that the as built performance meets the system requirements. Using modem opticaldesign programs a wide variety of single element and group tolerances can be defined and statistical analysis employed to formulate a prediction of the as built performance. When the number of units being produced is small or near diffraction limited performance is required, then a worst case analysis is often employed to generate a more accurate prediction. However, in some situations, such as low F/number lenses, certain effects that may be important are not always adequately addressed by first order tolerance analysis. This paper reviews one such effect;zonal irregularity or slope errors. To quantify the impact of zonal irregularity on the MTF performance of an infrared lens, detailed comparisons are made between measured and predicted performance. Interferometric analysis of the lens element irregularity is incorporated within the design to predict the as built lens line spread function.
Photonic switching systems image arrays of sources onto arrays of detectors and modulators. Even this simple functionality poses serious challenges for the optical engineer. Image quality must be excellent because the...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
Photonic switching systems image arrays of sources onto arrays of detectors and modulators. Even this simple functionality poses serious challenges for the optical engineer. Image quality must be excellent because the large modulator bandwidth demands small modulator size. Magnification and distortion must be precisely corrected for the spot array to fit onto the detector array. The system must be extraordinarily stable for the spots to stay on the detector array. For these reasons, photonic switching systems have traditionally been mounted on vibration isolated optical tables. This paper will describe our newest system, which is mounted in a standard electronics frame. Experimental results and design methodologies will be discussed.
The optical system of an optical rotary encoder is presented. The requirements of the optics system are given and their effects on opticaldesign decisions are discussed, Steps taken to insure stable operation over a ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
The optical system of an optical rotary encoder is presented. The requirements of the optics system are given and their effects on opticaldesign decisions are discussed, Steps taken to insure stable operation over a -40 degrees C to +85 degrees C temperature range are presented. designing for manufacturing toleraces is discussed. A novel application of a fiber illuminator LED as a short-distance collimated source is shown to be an acceptable low-cost alternative to a laser diode. The importance of effective plastic element employment in low-cost, mass-production opticalsystems is demonstrated.
The opticaldesign and the expected performances of a multi-band imaging system will be presented The instrument is to be operated in a low earth orbit in a pushbroom scanning mode. It has 15 spectral bands with the w...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819422517
The opticaldesign and the expected performances of a multi-band imaging system will be presented The instrument is to be operated in a low earth orbit in a pushbroom scanning mode. It has 15 spectral bands with the wavelength range extending from 0.45 mu m to 10.7 mu m. The instrument comprises a single mechanically cooled focal plane, a 36 cm aperture, wide field of view off-axis three mirror anastigmatic telescope, and an on-board calibration subsystem. The design has near diffraction limited performance for ail spectral bands from visible to long wavelength infrared (LR). It has high throughput and low polarization sensitivity. To minimize the background noise at long wavelength infrared (LWIR) a cold stop is located at the exit pupil to achieve 100% cold shielding.
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