We present the general formula to generated aspheric collimator lens free of spherical aberration and astigmatism. The presented formula describes the second surface of the aspheric singlet such as it correct the sphe...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510629028
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510629028
We present the general formula to generated aspheric collimator lens free of spherical aberration and astigmatism. The presented formula describes the second surface of the aspheric singlet such as it correct the spherical aberration generated and astigmatism by the first surface of the singlet.
We present an overview of the pros and cons of using GPUs in opticaldesign software. While GPUs can run multiple calculations in parallel, that parallelization comes with a price. We will discuss the trade-offs that ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510629028
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510629028
We present an overview of the pros and cons of using GPUs in opticaldesign software. While GPUs can run multiple calculations in parallel, that parallelization comes with a price. We will discuss the trade-offs that allow GPUs to run up to thousands of cores in parallel and how those trade-offs effect the use of GPUs in opticaldesign software. In particular, we review the use of GPUs in several steps of design calculations, including ray-tracing and computationally expensive steps such as calculating Huygens integrals.
Miniature optics are used in many applications and particularly in consumer optics for such products as webcams, mobile phones, automotive components, endoscopes, tablets, and many other connected devices. Mobile phon...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510629028
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510629028
Miniature optics are used in many applications and particularly in consumer optics for such products as webcams, mobile phones, automotive components, endoscopes, tablets, and many other connected devices. Mobile phone cameras are probably the ones that have driven the race for shorter TTL over the past 10 years. Ten years ago, cell phone cameras were composed of 3-4 optical plastic elements within one camera lens;today it takes more than 6 optical elements to obtain mega pixel resolution. But it is still not enough. The market has an insatiable appetite for greater optical performance. Consequently, the lens system has become more complex and now may require more optical elements with more complex optical functions. In this context, can the metasurface lens play a role? In this paper, we will try to address this question and discuss how metasurfaces promise to become a game changer in the consumer electronics market.
The scientific detector systems for the ESO ELT first-light instruments, HARMONI, MICADO, and METIS, together will require 27 science detectors: seventeen 2.5 mu m cutoff H4RG-15 detectors, four 4K x 4K 231-84 CCDs, f...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510636965
The scientific detector systems for the ESO ELT first-light instruments, HARMONI, MICADO, and METIS, together will require 27 science detectors: seventeen 2.5 mu m cutoff H4RG-15 detectors, four 4K x 4K 231-84 CCDs, five 5.3 mu m cutoff H2RG detectors, and one 13.5 mu m cutoff GEOSNAP detector. This challenging program of scientific detector system development covers everything from designing and producing state-of-the-art detector control and readout electronics, to developing new detector characterization techniques in the lab, to performance modeling and final system verification. We report briefly on the currentdesign of these detector systems and developments underway to meet the challenging scientific performance goals of the ELT instruments.
This study presents a new method for selecting a pair of optical glass and housing material to achromatize and athermalize a lens system, by use of the factor of determination for material selection. To effectively ob...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510629028
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510629028
This study presents a new method for selecting a pair of optical glass and housing material to achromatize and athermalize a lens system, by use of the factor of determination for material selection. To effectively obtain an optimum combination for materials, we newly propose the sequential material selection method by introducing the factor of determination for material selection, which depends on the level of contribution to correct these aberrations and the availability to be used as a suitable material. Even though there are many cases for material combinations, we can sequentially identify the best pair of glass and housing materials by checking the factor of determination. Using this design approach, we efficiently obtain an achromatic and athermal system through an optimum combination of materials, over the specified ranges in temperature and waveband.
Directed energy propulsion for interstellar travel has been proposed as an ideal method for reaching appreciable speeds relative to the speed of light: 0.2c. However, the amount of energy required necessitates a large...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510629028
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510629028
Directed energy propulsion for interstellar travel has been proposed as an ideal method for reaching appreciable speeds relative to the speed of light: 0.2c. However, the amount of energy required necessitates a large aperture, on the order of kilometers, while mitigation of atmospheric perturbations requires a discretization of the aperture into many individual laser elements. The use of fiber lasers for these elements obligates mode-matching the fiber to the desired 10 cm aperture for a collimated beam. Various collimation systems were designed and compared. A 3-lens system with one achromat and two aspheric lenses, with two of the lenses used as a Keplerian telescope to achieve a system-shortening effect was analyzed. A similar system made with a plano-convex lens replacing the large-aperture aspheric lens with two additional compensating lenses was compared. A single diffractive optic operating at F/8 was likewise considered. The optical performance of these systems was compared, as was the cost-effectiveness. Scalability to millions of elements was required, so cost-per-system was a crucial consideration factor. Possible manufacturing processes for a diffractive system were investigated, and stamping processes for replication were analyzed to determine the possibility of replication of such an optic reliably, cheaply, and with acceptable results.
Most lensdesign problems involve the time-consuming task of finding a proper starting point, that is, a lensdesign that approximately fulfills the desired first-order specifications while decently correcting aberrat...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510629028
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510629028
Most lensdesign problems involve the time-consuming task of finding a proper starting point, that is, a lensdesign that approximately fulfills the desired first-order specifications while decently correcting aberrations. In recent work, a fully-connected (FC) deep neural network was trained to learn this task by extrapolating from known lensdesign databases. Here, we introduce a new dynamic neural-network architecture for the starting point problem which is based on a recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture. As we show, the dynamic network can learn to infer good starting points on many lensdesign structures at once whereas the previous model was limited to a given sequence of glass elements and air gaps. We also show that a pretrained RNN model can generalize its knowledge over new lensdesign structures for which we have no reference lensdesign and obtain a significantly better optical performance than a RNN trained from scratch.
Fluidic lenses offer tunability and flexibility that are not available with conventional solid lenses. The development of a variable focus lens has the potential for replacing bulky opticalsystems and allows the mini...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510629028
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510629028
Fluidic lenses offer tunability and flexibility that are not available with conventional solid lenses. The development of a variable focus lens has the potential for replacing bulky opticalsystems and allows the miniaturization of imaging optics used in digital cameras and mobile phone cameras. In this paper, a liquid lens platform for use in an undergraduate laboratory setting is presented. A variable lens is prepared by injecting water into bulk polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that remains uncured in its fluid state. We report the tunable focusing ability of this simple liquid lens system and analyze the change in focal length as a function of injected water volume. The water-PDMS interface acts as a diverging lens, in agreement with ray tracing analysis based on curvature and refractive indices. Variable focal lengths are measured with an optical set-up employing a helium-neon laser and a solid converging lens with focal length = 2.5 cm. By increasing the water volume from 0.05 to 0.30 ml, we are able to tune the focal length from -6.5 mm to -10.6 mm. lens geometry remains spherical as the curvature of the lens changes with the addition of water. Our experiments coincide with a simple theoretical framework for a thick lens immersed in a medium. The water-PDMS lens is a promising component of basic and advanced experiments in an undergraduate optics course.
A silicon Fresnel lens was designed and fabricated using a greyscale lithography technique to shape optical emissions from an edge-emitting semiconductor diode laser. The laser beam was collimated in the fast axis and...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510629028
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510629028
A silicon Fresnel lens was designed and fabricated using a greyscale lithography technique to shape optical emissions from an edge-emitting semiconductor diode laser. The laser beam was collimated in the fast axis and allowed a +/- 3 degrees divergence in the slow axis along with bias angle accomplished through lens decentering. The lens had an aperture of 6.8 mm x 2.2 mm and 1 mm in total thickness. The lens was first designed as a contiguous surface using conventional ray-tracing methods, and then converted to a Fresnel sag model with an etch depth of 6.25 micrometers. The sag model along with the manufacturing tolerances were fed back through numerical tools to refine the design and modify the lens shape and laser position. optical profilometry of fabricated lens element found deviations from design and non-uniformity across the entire aperture, with over-etching in the center and under-etching toward the edge of the lens. Characterization of the fabricated lenses showed less than 5% deviation in etch depth. Collimation performance was measured to be less than 2 milliradians, which was in close agreement with design models. Greyscale fabrication of the lens element enabled complex curvatures to be combined and provided a compact solution for direct, single optic coupling of diode laser to free-space projection.
We proposed a novel structure to perform photon recycling for a double-light-source illumination system pumped by a laser. In the design, two kinds of phosphor are located at the two focus of an elliptical reflective ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510629028
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510629028
We proposed a novel structure to perform photon recycling for a double-light-source illumination system pumped by a laser. In the design, two kinds of phosphor are located at the two focus of an elliptical reflective surface separately, after the phosphor on the first focus pumped by laser, the backward scattering light will refocus at the other phosphor layer at the second focus. The absorption spectrum of the second phosphor should fit that of the emission light by the first phosphor. When the emission spectrum covers red light, the whole system is a double-light-source module.
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