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19th conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering

作者： Rilling, Madison Bourrassaa, Francois Archambault, Louis Thibault, Simon Univ Laval Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt Quebec City PQ Canada Univ Laval Ctr Hosp Univ CHU Quebec Ctr Rech Quebec City PQ Canada Ctr Opt Photon & Laser Quebec City PQ Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781510620629

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620629

3D imaging of solid targets using plenoptic cameras has been extensively explored and optimized over the years. Unfortunately, these imaging techniques, typically making use of triangulation methods and contrast recognition for depth estimation, lose their validity when imaging translucent media. For these cases, tomographic reconstruction has been shown to be a promising avenue for recovering the 3D shape of a translucent volume. Apart from the tomographic reconstruction algorithm itself, the accuracy of a reconstructed solution depends on the set of measured projections and on the system matrix. A proper determination of the system matrix is key as its elements describe the weighted contribution of a voxel in object space to one in image space;however, computing the matrix elements can consist of an arduous task as it requires a priori knowledge of the imaging system and precise modeling of the physical properties of the acquisition process. In this work, we present how an optical design software can be used to generate such system matrices. Compared with approximation methods involving paraxial ray tracing, the proposed method offers the main advantage of real ray tracing, in which the computed weighted contributions intrinsically account for optical aberrations in the imaging system. Physical properties of light propagation within the translucent medium can also be taken into account when using non-sequential modes. Using a ray tracing software thus offers great flexibility in designing plenoptic imaging systems used with 3D tomographic reconstruction techniques.

关键词： optical design software 3D tomographic reconstruction ray tracing ray tracing plenoptic camera translucent media 3D emission computed tomography

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Recent developments in Next-Generation Microchannel Plates for Particle Identification Applications 21

Recent Developments in Next-Generation Microchannel Plates f...

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conference on Uv, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXI held at SPIE optical engineering + Applications conference

作者： Cremer, Till Adams, Bernhard W. Aviles, Melvin Ertley, Camden D. Foley, Michael R. Lyashenko, Alexey Minot, Michael J. Popecki, Mark A. Rivera, Travis Stochaj, Michael E. Elam, Jeffrey W. Mane, Anil U. Gebhard, Maximilian Siegmund, Oswald H. Incom Inc 294 Southbridge Rd Charlton MA 01507 USA Argonne Natl Lab 9700 South Cass Ave Lemont IL 60439 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Space Sci Lab 7 Gauss Way Berkeley CA 94720 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510629301

ISBN: (纸本)9781510629295;9781510629301

Incom Inc. is developing and commercializing a novel type of microchannel plate (MCP) electron multipliers. These new devices are called "ALD-GCA-MCPs" and are made from glass capillary arrays (GCA), glass plates with a regular array of hollow glass capillaries that are functionalized using atomic layer deposition (ALD) thin film coating technology. ALD-GCA-MCPs are a technology advancement that affords MCPs with significantly improved performance, as compared to conventional MCPs. Notable benefits over conventional lead-oxide based MCPs are larger size, high and stable gain, low dark counts and gamma-ray sensitivity, improved mechanical stability, and the unique ability to tune the MCP resistance and electron amplification characteristics over a much wider range and independent from the glass substrate. Incom now routinely produces ALD-GCA-MCPs with 10 and 20 mu m pore size at MCP dimensions up to 20 cm x 20 cm. The MCPs show a number of favorable characteristics, such as 3x lower gamma-ray sensitivity compared to conventional MPCs, low background (< 0.05 cts/s/cm(2)), and stable, high gains (>1x10(4) for single MCP and >1x10(7) for a chevron pair configuration, at 1000v/MCP). ALD-GCA-MCPs find use in a variety of photon counting applications and are particularly suited for charged particle detection that requires high timing and spatial resolution, such as Ion time-of-flight (TOF), electron spectroscopies, analytical and space instruments, and MCP-based photomultipliers such as the Large-Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPDTM), which is also being developed by Incom Inc. In this paper, we provide a brief technology overview highlighting the current state of the art of Incom's ALD-GCA-MCP technology, as well as current and future development efforts that address the GCA glass substrate as well as the resistive and electron emissive ALD coatings.

关键词： Atomic Layer Deposition Micro Channel Plate Photodetector Glass Capillary Array Tunable Resistance Materials Secondary Electron Emission

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Analysis of linkage type sea wave power plant design through motion study and 3D printed modelling

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IOP conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期926卷

作者： R P Prayitnoadi B S Wibowo A Pamungkas A Islamiyah M Lestari R Putri R F Ridwan F Rosa Mechanical Engineering Department Engineering Faculty University of Bangka Belitung Bangka 33172 Indonesia. Marine Science Department Agriculture Fisheries and Biology Faculty University of Bangka Belitung Bangka 33172 Indonesia.

Sustainable energy generation is becoming increasingly important because of the expected limitations in current energy resources and for reducing pollution. Wave energy generation has seen significant developments in recent years. This research has produced a linkage-type PLTGL design that utilizes ocean waves to raise and lower the float lever and move the linkage mechanism which then causes a back and forth movement of the rack gear which will rotate the pinion and cause the dynamo drive shaft to rotate. Using ocean wave data in the waters of Tanjung Berikat, Bangka Tengah, and with the help of the SolidWorks application, this design is then simulated to determine the resulting movement and rotation. The rotation generated through the simulation can reach 532 Rpm with the assumption that it does not involve friction forces and material loads that exist in the PLTGL design. This design was made in 3D using the CR-10 v3 type 3D printing machine which produced a model with a scale of 25% of the original design. The model is used as a discussion material for designers to improve the design.

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Artificial Neural Network based controller design for SMPS

Artificial Neural Network based controller design for SMPS

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International conference on Recent developments in Control, Automation and Power engineering (RDCAPE)

作者： Mohammad Ali Khan Prashant Anand G. Bhuvaneswari Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi India Faculty of Electrical Engineering IIT Delhi

This paper presents a novel approach to design a controller for a half-bridge converter based Switched Mode Power Supply of 150W rating. A half-bridge converter is designed for obtaining a stiffly regulated DC output voltage of 5v irrespective of load and supply voltage variations, with an artificial neural network (ANN) based controller. The duty ratio of the controller is determined by this ANN depending on the input voltage and the output load conditions. Data collection for training the ANN was done using a PID controller-based approach in which the transfer function for the SMPS was derived by performing the large signal and small signal analyses and appropriate parameter values for the PID controller were calculated. For different load and input supply voltage conditions, the output voltage was regulated by making use of the PID controller and appropriate duty ratios were arrived at. These 150 data points were used for the training the proposed ANN with four hidden layers. The trained neural network was further utilized in arriving at the duty ratio value directly by sensing the input voltage and load current and it is found to yield stiffly regulated voltage irrespective of supply voltage and load variations where the error is within 8 %.

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Towards Self-testing Quantum Random Number Generators in Integrated design 1

Towards Self-testing Quantum Random Number Generators in Int...

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1st International conference on Materials engineering and Science (IConMEAS)

作者： Chernov, P. S. volkov, v. S. Surovtsev, D. A. Penza State Univ Krasnaya 40 Penza Russia

Truly random numbers are in great demand in various applications. Self-testing quantum random number generators provide a way to verify that random numbers indeed come from quantum effects. optical quantum random number generators of this type are the most promising but due to their relative complexity have been realized only as a macroscopic prototype. Miniaturization of such devices opens the way to commercial use. Quantum photonics provides the means to achieve this goal. We discuss general design of self-testing optical quantum random number generator and the ways to implement it as a compact integrated photonic circuit within current technological reach.

关键词： Random number generation

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Optic design and manufacturing issues of a high numerical broad band IR solid immersion microscope objective 19

Optic design and manufacturing issues of a high numerical br...

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19th conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering

作者： Sure, Thomas Sabbineni, Prasad Ramsay, Euan Univ Appl Sci Mittelhessen Giessen Germany Thermo Fisher Sci 3400 West Warren Ave Fremont CA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510620629

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620629

Over the last two decades solid immersion objectives have been developed for various applications, offering the opportunity to achieve a higher resolution than is possible for conventional air objective lenses. For semiconductor applications hemispherical solid immersion lenses (SILs), incorporating tips fabricated in semiconductor materials with a high refractive index (up to n = 3:5 for silicon, for example) are commonly used. With such high refractive index materials it is possible to design an objective with a numerical aperture of NA = 3:2. An apochromatic color correction is mandatory if a broad spectral range from lambda = 1200 nm to lambda = 2000 nm is required. It is well known that glasses with anomalous partial dispersion must be used to realize apochromatic color correction. It will be shown that the anomalous partial dispersions of some glasses in the IR range differ from the known behavior in the visible region. Therefore, glass selection plays a significant role for the design of a high NA broadband IR objective and will be discussed. Monte Carlo tolerance analysis shows that even with state of the art manufacturing capabilities the tolerance induced aberrations of an objective with NA = 3:2 will lead to a dramatic loss of image performance, indicated by a significant drop in the Strehl-ratio. This becomes even worse when the interface of the exchangeable hemispherical SIL tip with the main objective is considered. With the aim to manufacture such objectives within a stable production process it makes no sense to overload the requirements regarding the NA. Therefore, due to manufacturing issues the numerical aperture of this objective has been restricted to NA = 2:9. Wave front measurements of the manufactured objectives shows Strehl-ratios of SR > 97 % which guarantees a diffraction limited resolution.

关键词： Solid immersion lens Optic design High NA optics IR optics Glass selection Manufacturing tolerances

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical ...

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19th conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering 2018

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620612

The proceedings contain 33 papers. The topics discussed include: correction of wavefront aberrations in focal and afocal TMAs;a thermal glass for infrared optics;caustic surfaces produced by a plane wavefront refracted through cemented doublet lenses;holographic progressive lenses;using effective medium theories to design tailored nanocomposite materials for optical systems;toward semantic loop closure in simultaneous localization and mapping systems;optic design and manufacturing issues of a high numerical broad band IR solid immersion microscope objective;optical design and predicted performance of the WFIRST phase-B imaging optics assembly and wide field instrument;and novel designs for minimizing diffraction effects of large segmented mirror telescopes.

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BEaTriX, the Beam Expander Testing X-ray facility for testing ATHENA's SPO modules: progress in the realization 9

BEaTriX, the Beam Expander Testing X-ray facility for testin...

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conference on Optics for EUv, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy IX as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on optical engineering + Applications

作者： Salmaso, B. Basso, S. Giro, E. Spiga, D. Sironi, G. vecchi, G. Ghigo, M. Pareschi, G. Tagliaferri, G. Uslenghi, M. Fiorini, M. Paoletti, L. Ferrari, C. Beretta, S. Zappettini, A. del Rio, M. Sanchez Pelliciari, C. Burwitz, v. Ferreira, I. Bavdaz, M. INAF Astron Observ Brera Via E Bianchi 46 I-23807 Merate Lecco Italy INAF IASF Milano Via A Corti 12 I-40133 Milan Italy INAF Astron Observ Padova Vicolo Osservatorio 5 I-35122 Padua Italy CNR IMEM Parco Area Sci 37-A I-43124 Parma Italy European Synchrotron Radiat Facil BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble France Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys Garching Germany European Space Agcy Estec Keplerlaan 1 NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9781510629325

ISBN: (纸本)9781510629325

The ATHENA X-ray telescope comprises an optical system with several hundreds of Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) Mirror Modules (MM) to be assembled. All the MMs have to be tested for acceptance before integration. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico Brera is building in its premises of Merate (Italy) a unique pathfinder facility, BEaTriX, which is characterized by a broad (170 x 60 mm(2)), uniform and parallel X-ray beam (divergence <= 1.5 arcsec HEW) at the energies of 1.49 and 4.51 kev. BEaTriX prime goal is to prove that it is possible to perform the acceptance tests (PSF and Aeff) of the ATHENA SPO MM's at the production rate of 3 MM/day. The system is very compact (9 x 18 m(2)) and it is designed with modular compartments where the vacuum can be broken independently to replace the optics under test. It works at a vacuum level of 10(-3) mbar, easily evacuated in a short time. The expanded and parallel beam is obtained with an X-ray microfocus source placed in the focus of a paraboloidal mirror, a monochromation stage with 4 symmetrically cut crystals, and an expansion stage where the beam is diffracted and expanded by an asymmetrically-cut crystal. The key axes of all the optical components are motorized in vacuum for a proper beam alignment. The expanded beam fully illuminates the aperture of the MMs, imaging the focused beam at 12 m distance on a CCD camera, with the sensor in vacuum and motorized in air for XYZ movements. A thermal box is also present to radiatively heat the MM and check its optical performances under different temperatures. The design of the facility started in 2012 and has been finalised under an ESA contract. After completing the design, the facility is now in the realization phase. This paper provides an overview of the current status of the facility realization.

关键词： ATHENA BEaTriX X-ray testing X-ray microfocus source beam expander asymmetric diffraction

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Developing of EOS Model with Elliptical Beams for THz Devices

Developing of EOS Model with Elliptical Beams for THz Device...

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2018 International conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices engineering, APEDE 2018

作者： Navrotsky, I.A. Burtsev, A.A. Danilushkin, A.v. Karetnikova, T.A. Ryskin, N.M. Shumikhin, K.v. JSC SPE Almaz Saratov Russia Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538643327

This report presents a design of an electron-optical system (EOS) with triple electron elliptical beams. A current of each beam is 31 mA and a dimension is 300×600 μm2. A magnetic field of 0,55 T is used for focusing of electron beams. A technology of fabrication and assembly of a model of EOS that contains a dispenser cathode, anode, collector and magnetic system is presented. In the course of experimental investigation of a model in impulse mode total current of 93 mA was obtained at cathode temperature of 1100°C and grid potential 900-1000 v. The realized design of a model with elliptical beams demonstrates the feasibility of creating of THz TWT on the basis of a similar EOS. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： optical systems

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Development and manufacturing of SPO X-ray mirrors 9

Development and manufacturing of SPO X-ray mirrors

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Optics for EUv, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy IX 2019

作者： Landgraf, Boris Collon, Maximilien J. vacanti, Giuseppe Barrière, Nicolas M. Günther, Ramses vervest, Mark voruz, Luc verhoeckx, Sjoerd Babić, Ljubiša Keek, Laurens Girou, David Okma, Ben Beijersbergen, Marco W. Bavdaz, Marcos Wille, Eric Fransen, Sebastiaan Shortt, Brian Ferreira, Ivo Haneveld, Jeroen Koelewijn, Arenda Start, Ronald Wijnperlé, Maurice Lankwarden, Jan-Joost van Baren, Coen Hieltjes, Paul Den Herder, Jan Willem Burwitz, vadim Pareschi, Giovanni Massahi, Sonny Della Monica Ferreira, Desirée Christensen, Finn E. valsecchi, Giuseppe Oliver, Paul Chequer, Ian Ball, Kevin Cosine Oosteinde 36 HE Warmond2361 Netherlands European Space Agency ESTEC Keplerlaan 1 PO Box 299 AG Noordwijk2200 Netherlands Micronit Microfluidics B.V. Colosseum 15 PV Enschede7521 Netherlands SRON Sorbonnelaan 2 CA Utrecht3584 Netherlands MPI F. Extraterrestrische Physik Giessenbachstrasse 1 Garching85748 Germany I-23807 Italy DTU Space Technical University of Denmark Building 327 Kgs. LyngbyDK - 2800 Denmark 23842 Italy Ltd. 106 Waterhouse Lane Chelmsford EssexCM1 2QU United Kingdom

ISBN: (数字)9781510629325

ISBN: (纸本)9781510629318

The Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) technology has been established as a new type of X-ray optics enabling future X-ray observatories such as ATHENA. SPO is being developed at cosine together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and academic as well as industrial partners. The SPO modules are lightweight, yet stiff, high-resolution X-ray optics, allowing missions to reach a large effective area of several square meters. These properties of the optics are mainly linked to the mirror plates consisting of mono-crystalline silicon. Silicon is rigid, has a relatively low density, a very good thermal conductivity and excellent surface finish, both in terms of figure and surface roughness. For Athena, a large number of mirror plates is required, around 100,000 for the nominal configuration. With the technology spin-in from the semiconductor industry, mass production processes can be employed to manufacture rectangular shapes SPO mirror plates in high quality, large quantity and at low cost. Within the last years, several aspects of the SPO mirror plate have been reviewed and undergone further developments in terms of effective area, intrinsic behavior of the mirror plates and mass production capability. In view of flight model production, a second source of mirror plates has been added in addition to the first plate supplier. The paper will provide an overview of most recent plate design, metrology and production developments. © 2019 SPIE.

关键词： Mirrors

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