The light trapping effect of a textured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film on the suppression of surface reflection in a-Si:H solar cell is investigated. The angular dependence of scattered light from this PDMS film was...
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The light trapping effect of a textured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film on the suppression of surface reflection in a-Si:H solar cell is investigated. The angular dependence of scattered light from this PDMS film was measured and a symmetric scattering intensity peak was found at +/- 20°. The enhancement of power conversion efficiency in the a-Si:H solar cell with textured PDMS film can reach 16.37% compared to the a-Si:H solar cells without textured PDMS film. This improvement is mainly attributed to the enhanced efficiencies of light trapping and scattering. Such a design concept and fabrication process can be widely adapted to a variety of thin film solar cells.
A zoom objective lens for a multi-layer optical recording has been designed. A newly proposed optical power arrangement enables varying back focal length while focal length invariant by a linear movement of single zoo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819492036
A zoom objective lens for a multi-layer optical recording has been designed. A newly proposed optical power arrangement enables varying back focal length while focal length invariant by a linear movement of single zooming component. The zoom lens is implemented into multi-layer and multi-bit holographic recording system employing 405 nm blue lasers.
The control of the railway track relative to the fixed system of reference is a necessary condition to ensure the safety of railway traffic. This paper describes the optical-electronic system of railway track control ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819492036
The control of the railway track relative to the fixed system of reference is a necessary condition to ensure the safety of railway traffic. This paper describes the optical-electronic system of railway track control relative to the fixed system of reference. The system consists of two cameras and special marks. The system is installed on the leveling machine and performs measurements during its motion. System marks are installed on the contact-line supports. This paper presents the test results. The system determines the distance to the mark with an accuracy of 1.5 mm in the range of 1.5-7 mm and the vertical bias with an accuracy of 1.5 mm in the range of 200 mm. This paper describes the algorithms of the system, and special attention is paid to sources of error in such systems.
Event-driven programming is progressively replacing the call-stack model to improve flexibility, efficiency and scalability in SOA. Enterprise applications often deal with large messages attached to asynchronous event...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479906505
Event-driven programming is progressively replacing the call-stack model to improve flexibility, efficiency and scalability in SOA. Enterprise applications often deal with large messages attached to asynchronous events. This could reduce the benefits provided by event-driven programming since the need for having every information propagated as event is counterbalanced by wasting resources when large messages are entirely propagated to destinations that do not use all of them. In this paper, we propose the adoption of the D-WSLink framework for improving data transfers by using a composite and extensible declarative mechanism to inject the desired message transfer strategies into the underlying middleware. At the current stage, we focus mainly on (conditional) lazy transfer mechanisms even though the framework is able to support also smarter strategies. In particular, we compare, through an experimental analysis, our system with Apache Camel in delivering events with large attachments. The results show that the proposed approach is effective not only for programming but also at performance level.
With the rapid growth of sensor technology, smart-phone sensing has become an effective approach to help improve the quality of applications in smartphones. However, the quality and quantity of the sensed data uploade...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479913510
With the rapid growth of sensor technology, smart-phone sensing has become an effective approach to help improve the quality of applications in smartphones. However, the quality and quantity of the sensed data uploaded by the users are not always satisfying due to the lack of incentives for users to participate. In this paper, we design an incentive mechanism in which the users can get satisfying rewards from the platform by efficiently allocating their resources, and meanwhile, the platform can achieve a relatively high social welfare. Specifically, to solve the resource allocation problem in the incentive mechanism, we consider a cooperative game model with overlapping coalitions, in which the smartphone users can self-organize into the over-lapping coalitions for different sensing tasks. Then, we propose a distributed algorithm that converges to a stable outcome in which no user has the motivation to change its current resource allocation so as to increase its individual payoff unilaterally. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves a better performance than the average distribution case and the single-task distribution case in various conditions.
Freeform surfaces provide more degrees of freedom for design of optical systems, and enhance the ability of compensation and correction aberrations. Freeform surfaces are of advantage to balance the unsymmetrical aber...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819492036
Freeform surfaces provide more degrees of freedom for design of optical systems, and enhance the ability of compensation and correction aberrations. Freeform surfaces are of advantage to balance the unsymmetrical aberrations, especially for the wide-field off-axis optical systems. This paper focus on an off-axis reflective optical system, which focal length is 550mm, F# is 6.5 and field of view (FOv) is 76 degrees. The system adopts some freeform surfaces. We discuss the problems we noticed in processes of design, manufacture, measurement and alignment, and the solutions. At last, the periodical research result and the expected performance are given.
This paper describes our experience with global lens optimization using algorithms that can modify an existing lens construction in an optimal way or create an entirely new construction. The binary-search method assem...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819492036
This paper describes our experience with global lens optimization using algorithms that can modify an existing lens construction in an optimal way or create an entirely new construction. The binary-search method assembles lens elements according to the bits in a binary number, ensuring that all combinations of power are tested, while the saddle-point method can either add elements to a starting lens or start from scratch. The latter algorithm also naturally leads to a method of removing an element in an optimum way, which can sometimes simplify a lens with no loss of quality.
Understanding the structure of the design space in optical system optimization is difficult, because common human intuition fails when it encounters the challenge of high dimensionality, resulting from the many optimi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819492036
Understanding the structure of the design space in optical system optimization is difficult, because common human intuition fails when it encounters the challenge of high dimensionality, resulting from the many optimization parameters of lens systems. However, a deep mathematical idea, that critical points structure the properties of the space around them, is fruitful in lens design as well. Here we discuss simple systems, triplets with curvatures as variables, for which the design space is still simple enough to be studied in detail, but complex enough to be non-trivial. A one-to-one correspondence between the possible design shapes and the critical points resulting from a simplified model based on third-order spherical aberration within the framework of thin-lens theory could lead in the future to a new way to determine good starting points for subsequent local optimization.
A new three-dimensional analytic optics design method is presented that enables the coupling of three ray sets with only two free-form lens surfaces. Closely related to the Simultaneous Multiple Surface method in thre...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819492036
A new three-dimensional analytic optics design method is presented that enables the coupling of three ray sets with only two free-form lens surfaces. Closely related to the Simultaneous Multiple Surface method in three dimensions (SMS3D), it is derived directly from Fermat's principle, leading to multiple sets of functional differential equations. The general solution of these equations makes it possible to calculate more than 80 coefficients for each implicit surface function. Ray tracing simulations of these free-form lenses demonstrate superior imaging performance for applications with high aspect ratio, compared to conventional rotational symmetric systems.
This paper will demonstrate a graphical method for selecting a pair of optical components to simultaneously achromatize and passively athermalize an imaging lens for use in a housing with a particular coefficient of t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819492036
This paper will demonstrate a graphical method for selecting a pair of optical components to simultaneously achromatize and passively athermalize an imaging lens for use in a housing with a particular coefficient of thermal expansion. The effort will be presented for a generic spectrum, so readers may apply the method to whatever waveband and set of materials that are of interest. The term "component" is used in place of "material" since this paper will explore combinations of refractive and diffractive optics. The method for creating an achromat with two refractive materials will be reviewed. To create an athermal doublet, or lens that does not change focus under temperature changes, the same color equations are used with a slight modification to include housing thermal effects. The paper will culminate by demonstrating how a set of two materials can be used to both color correct and passively athermalize a single lens;these materials can be quickly chosen to match a particular housing material via nomograph. A sample chart for a common waveband will be demonstrated.
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