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Results and developments from the 12m Davies-Cotton Medium-Sized Telescope prototype for the Cherenkov Telescope Array 7

Results and developments from the 12m Davies-Cotton Medium-S...

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conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy vii as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on optical engineering + Applications

作者： Oakes, Louise Garczarczyk, Markus Schlenstedt, Stefan Sternberger, Ronny Schwanke, Ullrich Humboldt Univ Berlin Germany DESY Zeuthen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417692

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy, covering an energy range from a few tens of GeV to a few hundred TeV. The CTA project is currently in the design and prototyping phase, the start of construction is planned for 2016. The planned sensitivity of CTA improves on current ground based Cherenkov telescope experiments by about an order of magnitude. In the core energy range this sensitivity will be dominated by up to 40 Medium-Sized Telescopes (MSTs). These telescopes, of a modified Davies-Cotton mount type with a reflector diameter of 12 m, are currently being prototyped. A full-size mechanical prototype has been operating in Berlin since 2012. Several types of prototype mirrors have been developed and tested, and are mounted on the telescope. CCD cameras with various lenses are mounted on the prototype for studying deformation of the structure, testing alignment techniques, and telescope pointing using astrometry methods. The report will focus on results of optical and structural measurements, commissioning and testing of the MST prototype in Berlin, as well as the final design.

关键词： CTA Cherenkov Telescope MST Davies-Cotton

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design considerations for an unconventional infrared prism with a 90 degree ray deviation 16

Design considerations for an unconventional infrared prism w...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XVI

作者： Akarca, Beyza Artan, Goktug Gencehan TUBITAK SAGE Ankara Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417449

In this study, the optical performance of a 90 degree prism working in the mid-wave infrared region with the purpose of carrying a beam of light from one optical system to another in an unconventional way is discussed. First, a group of mirrors is considered as a design alternative to lower the overall cost of the system. However, using mirrors greatly increases the diameter of the beam due to the rays coming from wide field of view angles. Another drawback of mirrors is that having separate mirrors requires precise alignment for the system to work at full performance which is difficult for the given application. However, these alignment issues are not valid for a single piece prism. Therefore, a single piece prism is the preferred option and has been taken into account in this study. Material selection is important, especially in the mid-wave infrared region where the index of refraction differs greatly from material to material. Silicon and Germanium are the materials preferred because of their high index of refraction and transmission characteristics. Aside from optical properties, these materials are also considered in terms of manufacturability. Also, options for the coatings to be applied to reflecting surfaces of the prism are discussed with regard to the transmission loss within the system. In order to have total internal reflection within a prism, coatings must be chosen carefully to handle transmission loss at the reflecting surfaces. All of the system parameters are examined using sequential and non-sequential modes of ZEMAX OpticStudio software.

关键词： 90 degree prism infrared prism optical design infrared prism

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Modeling and design of a multichannel chromatic aberration compensated imaging system 16

Modeling and design of a multichannel chromatic aberration c...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XVI

作者： Belay, Gebirie Y. Ottevaere, Heidi Vervaeke, Michael Van Erps, Jurgen Thienpont, Hugo Vrije Univ Brussel Fac Engn Dept Appl Phys & Photon TONA Brussels Photon TeamB PHOT B-1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417449

Conventional multichannel imaging systems comprise of many optical channels having similar imaging properties, namely field-of-view (FOV) and angular resolution/magnification. We demonstrated that the different optical channels can be designed such that each optical channel captures a different FOV and angular resolution compared to its neighboring channels. We designed and experimentally demonstrated a three-channel multiresolution imaging system where the first optical channel has the narrowest FOV (7 degrees) and highest angular resolution (0.0096 degrees) and the third optical channel has the widest FOV (80 degrees) and lowest angular resolution (0.0780 degrees)(1). The second optical channel has intermediate properties. The performance of the demonstrated three-channel imaging system however was affected by chromatic aberrations as it was designed for a single wavelength of 587.6 nm. The first optical channel was largely influenced by longitudinal chromatic aberration while the third channel by lateral chromatic aberration. Therefore, we have replaced the aspherical refractive lenses by hybrid lenses, which contain diffractive structures on top of their refractive surfaces, in the three-channel multiresolution imaging system to reduce its chromatic aberrations. The performance of the three channels with hybrid lenses is compared with those of the corresponding channels without hybrid lenses. The longitudinal color aberration of the first optical channel has been reduced from 1.7 mm to 0.2 mm;whereas the lateral color aberration of the third optical channel has been reduced from 250 mu m to 14 mu m. In conclusion, the hybrid lenses have reduced the chromatic aberrations of the three channels and extended the operating spectral range of the imaging system in the visible wavelength range.

关键词： Multi-resolution imaging systems angular resolution multi-channel chromatic aberrations

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Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for optical engineering

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical ...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XVI

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417449

The proceedings contain 24 papers. The topics discussed include: integration design of endoscope with different viewing angles;ultra-compact hourglass lens for integrated cameras;testing and alignment of freeform based multi-mirror telescopes;tolerancing an optical freeform surface: an optical fabricator's perspective;manufacture and analysis of a refractive surface with variable asphericity to model the human cornea;modeling and design of a multichannel chromatic aberration compensated imaging system;temperature-dependent refractive index measurements of L-BBH2 glass for the Subaru CHARIS integral field spectrograph;cryogenic refractive indices of S-LAH55, S-LAH55V, S-LAH59, S-LAM3, S-NBM51, S-NPH2, S-PHM52, and S-TIH14 glasses;temperature-dependent refractive index measurements of CaF2, Suprasil 3001, and S-FTM16 for the Euclid near-infrared spectrometer and photometer;design considerations for an unconventional infrared prism with a 90 degree ray deviation;and high-performance LED luminaire for sports hall.

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A design study of mirror modules and an assembly based on the slumped glass for an Athena-like optics. 7

A design study of mirror modules and an assembly based on th...

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conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy vii as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on optical engineering + Applications

作者： Basso, Stefano Civitani, Marta Pareschi, Giovanni Buratti, Enrico Eder, Josef Friedrich, Peter Fuermetz, Maria INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera Merate Italy Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys Frankfurt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417692

The Athena mission was selected for the second large-class mission, due for launch in 2028, in ESA's Cosmic Vision program. The current solution for the optics is based on the Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) technology with the goal of 2m(2) effective area at 1keV (aperture about 3m diameter) with a focal length of 12m. The SPO advantages are the compactness along the axial direction and the high conductivity of the Silicon. Recent development in the fabrication of mirror shells based on the Slumped Glass Optics (SGO) makes this technology an attractive solution for the mirror modules for Athena or similar telescopes. The SGO advantages are a potential high collecting area with a limited vignetting due to the lower shadowing and the aptitude to curve the glass plates up to small radius of curvature. This study shows an alternative mirror design based on SGO technology, tailored for Athena needs. The main challenges are the optimization of the manufacturing technology with respect to the required accuracy and the thermal control of the large surface in conjunction with the low conductivity of the glass. A concept has been elaborated which considers the specific benefits of the SGO technology and provides an efficient thermal control. The output of the study is a preliminary design substantiated by analyses and technological studies. The study proposes interfaces and predicts performances and budgets. It describes also how such a mirror system could be implemented as a modular assembly for X-ray telescope with a large collecting area.

关键词： glass optics X-ray optics Athena slumped glass Thin Glass Mirrors SGO mirror module mirror assembly

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TECHBREAK: a technology foresight activity for the European Space Agency points the way to future space telescopes 7

TECHBREAK: a technology foresight activity for the European ...

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conference on UV/optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts vii

作者： Cunningham, Colin Cullum, Martin Detsis, Emmanouil Henry, David Kamoun, Paul Swings, Jean-Pierre Tortora, Jean-Jacques Worms, Jean-Claude Royal Observ UK Astron Technol Ctr Edinburgh EH9 3HJ Midlothian Scotland European So Observ D-285748 Garching Germany European Sci Fdn F-67080 Strasbourg France Thales Alenia Space F-31100 Toulouse France Univ Liege B-4000 Liege Belgium EUROSPACE F-75007 Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417685

We report on a joint European Science Foundation-ESA "Forward Look" project called TECHBREAK aimed at identifying technological breakthroughs for space originating in the non-space sector. We show how some of the technologies highlighted may impact future space programmes, in particular novel ideas to enable future long-life large telescopes to be deployed. The study's final report was presented to ESA's High level Science Policy Advisory Committee (HISPAC) in late 2014. The goals of the study were to forecast the development of breakthrough technologies to enable novel space missions in the 2030-2050 timeframe, and to identify related partnerships through synergies with non-space specialists. It was not prepared to serve as a definitive guide for very specific technologies to be developed for future space missions, but to inform on and flag up the main developments in various technological and scientific areas outside space that may hold promise for use in the space domain. The report does this by identifying the current status of research for each domain, asserting the development horizon for each technology and providing some entry points, in the form of key European experts and institutions with knowledge of the domain. The identification of problems and solutions specific to the space area led us to focus the discussion around the concept of "Overwhelming Drivers" for space research and exploration, i.e. long-term goals that can be transposed into technological development goals. Two of these overwhelming drivers are directly relevant to ambitious future telescope projects, and we will show how some of the technologies we identified such as biomimetic structures, nanophotonics, novel materials and additive manufacturing could be combined to enable revolutionary new concepts for space telescopes.

关键词： Space telescopes Mirrors Space operations Telescopes 3D printing Photonics Aerospace engineering Additive manufacturing Manufacturing Optics manufacturing

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design and implementation of an x-ray reflectometer system for testing x-ray optics coatings 7

Design and implementation of an x-ray reflectometer system f...

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conference on Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy vii as part of the SPIE Optics + Photonics International Symposium on optical engineering + Applications

作者： Gurgew, Danielle N. Broadway, David Gubarev, Mikhail Ramsey, Brian Univ Alabama Huntsville AL 35805 USA NASA George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr Huntsville AL 35805 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417692

We have developed an X-ray reflectometer (XRR) system for the characterization of various soft and hard X-ray optic coatings being developed at Marshall Space Flight Center. The XRR system generates X-ray radiation with a high-output Rigaku rotating anode source (RAS), operational at a voltage range of 5 - 35 kV, a current range of 10-150 mA. A series of precision slits, adjustable down to approximately 25 micrometers, positioned in the beam path limit the extent of the x-ray beam and control the resolution of the XRR measurement while a goniometer consisting of two precision rotary stages controls the angular position of the coating sample and X-ray detector with respect to the beam. With the high count rate capability of the RAS, a very-high-speed silicon drift detector, the Amptek Fast Silicon Drift Detector (SDD), is implemented to achieve good count rate efficiency and improve reflectivity measurements of coatings at larger graze angles. The coating sample can be adjusted using a series of linear and tipping stages to perfectly align the center of the sample with the center of the incident X-ray beam. These stages in conjunction with the goniometer components are integrated through original control software resulting in full automation of the XRR system. We will show some initial XRR measurements of both single and multilayer coatings made with this system. These results and future measurements are used to characterize potential X-ray optic coatings culminating in the production of highly reflective coatings operational at a large range of X-ray energies.

关键词： X-ray reflectometry X-ray optic coatings

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optical design of Low Glare Luminaire Applied for Tunnel Light 15

Optical Design of Low Glare Luminaire Applied for Tunnel Lig...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Tsai, M. S. Lee, X. H. Lo, Y. C. Sun, C. C. Natl Cent Univ Dept Opt & Photon Chungli 320 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

In this study, a low glare and high-efficient tunnel lighting design which consists of a cluster light-emitting diode and a free-form lens is presented. Most of the energy emitted from the proposed luminaire is transmitted onto the surface of the road in front of drivers, and the probability that the energy is emitted directly into drivers' eyes is low. Compared with traditional fluorescent lamps, the proposed luminaire, of which the optical utilization factor, optical efficiency, and uniformity are, respectively, 44%, 92.5%, and 0.72, performs favorably in traffic safety, energy saving, and glare reduction.

关键词： Light-emitting diodes Illumination design Nonimaging optics optical design and fabrication

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Caustic surface of a plane wavefront refracted by a smooth arbitrary surface 15

Caustic surface of a plane wavefront refracted by a smooth a...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Avendano-Aleja, Maximino Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Ctr Ciencias Aplicadas & Desarrollo Tecnol Mexico City 04510 DF Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

We study the formation of caustic produced by smooth arbitrary surfaces considering a plane wavefront propagating parallel to the optical axis and impinging on the refracting surface. We have already seen that the shape of the caustic surface can represent the monochromatic aberrations that we call image errors, furthermore the shape of the caustic can be modified by changing the parameters of the lens in such a way that if the caustic surfaces is vanished the optical system produces a perfect image, on the other hand for a caustic possessing a large area it could be applied to design no-imaging optical systems. The shape of the caustic depends only on the indices of refraction involved in the process of refraction, the refracting surface which is formed by smooth arbitrary plano-convex lens. We provide an analytic equation for the caustic surface after refraction of a plane wave from every rotationally symmetric surface.

关键词： Refraction Aspheric lenses Wavefronts Ray tracing optical design Geometrical optics Monochromatic aberrations Light Radon Wave propagation

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Using saddle points for challenging optical design tasks 15

Using saddle points for challenging optical design tasks

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Livshits, Irina Hou, Zhe van Grol, Pascal Shao, Yifeng van Turnhout, Maarten Urbach, Paul Bociort, Florian Natl Res Univ Informat Technol Mech & Opt 16 Birzhevaya Line St Petersburg 199034 Russia Delft Univ Technol Optic Res Grp NL-2628CJ Delft Netherlands TNO Sci & Ind NL-2628CK Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

The present research is part of an effort to develop tools that make the lens design process more systematic. In typical optical design tasks, the presence of many local minima in the optical merit function landscape makes design non-trivial. With the method of Saddle Point Construction (SPC) which was developed recently ([F. Bociort and M. van Turnhout, Opt. engineering 48, 063001 (2009)]) new local minima are obtained efficiently from known ones by adding and removing lenses in a systematic way. To illustrate how SPC and special properties of the lens design landscape can be used, we will present the step-by-step design of a wide-angle pinhole lens and the automatic design of a 9-lens system which, after further development with traditional techniques, is capable of good performance. We also give an example that shows how to visualize the saddle point that can be constructed at any surface of any design of an imaging system that is a local minimum.

关键词： saddle points wide-angle lens

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