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Scalable MWIR and LWIR optical system designs employing a large spherical primary mirror and small refractive aberration correctors

Scalable MWIR and LWIR optical system designs employing a la...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Beach, D Ind Res Ltd Auckland New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

design variants of a recently developed optical imaging system have been computed for the thermal infrared spectral bands, which offer some advantages for long-range surveillance and astronomy. Only the spherical primary mirror has the fall pupil diameter, all other components being sub-diameter, so scaling is possible up to relatively large pupils. Low-cost fabrication is enabled by the prevalence of spherical optical surfaces. Both MWIR and LWIR spectral transmissions are enabled by the choice of corrector materials, the examples given employing germanium and sapphire for 3.5-5.5 mum and germanium and zinc selenide for 3.5-5.5[mum and 8-12mum passbands. Diffraction at these wavelengths is the main contributor to resolution constraints, so high numerical aperture values are preferred to enable a better match of blur spot diameter to generally available pixel dimensions. The systems described can routinely be designed to have speeds of f/0.8 or faster, while maintaining diffraction-limited performance over useful angular fields. Because the new design system employs a relayed catadioptric, it is possible to make the aperture stop of the system coincident with the window of the detector cryostat, enabling precise radiometric geometry. The central obscuration provides a convenient location for a calibration source, and both this and a mask for secondary spider supports can be included within the detector cold screen structure. Dual-band operation could be enabled by inclusion of a spectral beam splitter prior to a dual relay/imager system.

关键词： MWIR imaging LWIR imaging diffraction-limited spherical mirror optics high speed wide field

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The design, Construction and Characterization of a Solid Elastic Lens

The Design, Construction and Characterization of a Solid Ela...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Santiago-Alvarado, A. Vazquez-Montiel, S. Iturbide-Jimenez, F. Arriaga-Martinez, R. Gonzalez-Garcia, J. UTM Inst Fis & Matemat Carretera Acatlima Km 2-5 Huajuapan Leon Oaxaca Mexico City 6900 DF Mexico INAOE Inst Opt Santa Maria Tonantzintla Pu Mexico UTM Inst Diseno Mexico City 6900 DF Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

Recent times have seen the production of normal and micro liquid lenses with variable focal length. These have been specially made with transparent elastic materials and liquid medium between them, or with a dielectric liquid medium inside the cavity. Change in the volume of the liquid medium, in the first case, or the application of an electric field as in the second, produced a change in the optical parameters of the lens. The present study offers the opto-mechanical design, manufacture and characterization of a solid elastic lens made of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). To do so, we have prepared a mechanical support frame to hold all of the components of the lens and also allow for the application of radial stress on its periphery. In order to ensure a well-finished lens surface a high quality optical glass mold has also been constructed. Finally, we will present an analysis of the properties of this type of lens when it undergoes variations of radial stress. The experimental results are presented.

关键词： Adaptive lens Opto-mechanical design Elastic lens

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Inclusion of energetic features in wavefront descriptions

Inclusion of energetic features in wavefront descriptions

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Pizarro, C Arasa, J Royo, S Tomàs, N UPC Tech Univ Catalunya Ctr Dev Sensors Instrumentat & Syst CD6 E-08222 Terrassa Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

Different wavefront description possibilities are today available to the optical designer, usually in the form of polynomial fitting (Seidel, Zernike, monomials...). This kind of representations have the general drawback of being based merely in the geometrical shape of the wavefront considered, calculated as a distribution of optical path differences, without taking into account the energetic distribution present in the wavefront. As a consequence, optimization of optical systems is carried on based only on geometrical criterions, while applications tend to rely more on energetic properties of the wavefront (detection on CCD arrays or photodiodes, image formation, etc). In this paper we are proposing a new type of wavefront descriptor which includes its energetic distribution. The description is based on classical ray tracing procedures, in such a way that in each surface normal to the axis of the optical system, information on the position (z,y) and director cosines (w,v) of the ray are known, together with the energy flux assigned to each ray (F). This allows obtaining the energetic distribution in any plane in the optical system together with the classical wavefront description based in OPD calculations, allowing to obtain complementary wavefront information. This complementary wavefront description has been applied to some simple optical systems (a large diameter cemented achromatic doublet, and a Cooke's triplet) showing how even in these very simple case the differences in the energetic distribution and the geometrical shape at the exit pupil plane are relevant. Such a fact is demonstrated by least-squares fitting of the surfaces to a monomial representation, allowing the determination of the different primary aberration coefficients. Finally, differences in the geometrical PSF and the energetic distribution calculated are plotted to show they may achieve maximum deviations of up to 11% of the PSF value for the doublet, and 25% for the triplet. In addition, t

关键词： optical design wavefront descriptor optimization radiometry

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design and performance of a robust WDM network 6

Design and performance of a robust WDM network

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current developments in optical design and engineering VI conference

作者： Vaishnav, C Nieberger, M Jayasumana, AP Sauer, J Colorado State Univ. (United States) Hewlett-Packard Co. (United States) Univ. of Colorado/Boulder (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819422517

Increasing number of bandwidth intensive applications demand introduction of concurrency among multiple user transmissions, using techniques such as time division multiplexing (TDM) or wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), to achieve higher aggregate bandwidth. Commercial exploitation of WDM networks, despite their immense potential and promise, find extreme reluctance due to their vulnerability to the wavelength instability of the transmitter sources, and budgetary concerns raised by the inordinate cost of stabilizing them. Robust WDM network uses an intelligent multichannel wavelength tracking receiver that is capable of dynamically accommodating the manufacturing and operating imperfections of the transmitter sources. This yields Robust WDM to be a lucrative option for cost sensitive computer networking markets. In this paper we present Token-based medium access control protocol and network node architecture designed for the demonstration testbed of Robust WDM network. Behavior of average waiting time for a typical connection request on the network is presented using computer simulation.

关键词： optical networks WDM medium access control protocol TDM-based signaling circuit switching node architecture performance simulation delay model

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Tailored edge-ray design for illumination with extended sources 6

Tailored edge-ray design for illumination with extended sour...

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current developments in optical design and engineering VI conference

作者： Rabl, A Gordon, JM Teng, OP Ries, H Winston, R Ecole des Mines (France) Ben-Gurion Univ. of the Negev (Israel) Defence Science Organisation (Singapore) Paul Scherrer Institut (Germany) Univ. of Chicago (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819422517

The goal of the optical design of luminaires and other radiation distributors is to attain the desired illumination on the target with a given source. Usually there are constraints that should be satisfied, such as avoiding glare, maximizing the optical efficiency and respecting practical size limitations (not to mention considerations of fabrication costs, availability of materials and esthetics). While the required design procedure is well known for situations where the source can be approximated as a point or as a line, the development of an explicit analytical design method (as opposed to numerical search) for extended sources has begun only a few years ago. A solution for extended isotropic sources can be obtained by establishing a one-to-one correspondence between target points and edge rays, using the tools of nonimaging optics. The designs are called TED (tailored edge-ray designs). Particular solutions have been found in separate papers by Res and Winston(1,2) and by Gordon, Rabl and Ong(3-6). The present paper presents a topological classification of all possible solutions in two dimensions and discusses their general characteristics. We show that any illumination distribution can be obtained exactly in the central region of the target, but in general there will be a certain amount of spillover outside this region. Some flexibility for tailoring designs to specific requirements (size, glare control, etc.) can be gained by the choice of the solution type, the choice of the boundary conditions, and by the use of hybrid configurations that combine several types of solution. The design method is illustrated with specific examples.

关键词： luminaire illumination nonimaging optics glare control reflector design edge-ray extended sources

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design of Wearable Binoculars with On-Demand Zoom

Design of Wearable Binoculars with On-Demand Zoom

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering Xiv

作者： Boye, Robert R. Goeke, Ronald S. Hunt, Jeffery P. Ison, Aaron M. Jared, Bradley H. Pillars, Jamin R. Saavedra, Michael P. Sweatt, William C. Yelton, W. Graham Winrow, Edward G. Wolfley, Steve L. Sandia Natl Labs Albuquerque NM 87185 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Sandia has developed an optical design for wearable binoculars utilizing freeform surfaces and switchable mirrors. The goals of the effort included a design lightweight enough to be worn by the user while providing a useful field of view and magnification as well as non-mechanical switching between normal and zoomed vision. Sandia's approach is a four mirror, off-axis system taking advantage of the weight savings and chromatic performance of a reflective system. The system incorporates an electrochromic mirror on the final surface before the eye allowing the user to switch between viewing modes. Results from a prototype of a monocular version with 6.6x magnification will be presented. The individual mirrors, including three off-axis aspheres and one true freeform, were fabricated using a diamond-turning based process. A slow-slide servo process was used for the freeform element. Surface roughness and form measurement of the freeform mirror will be presented as well as the expected impact on performance. The alignment and assembly procedure will be reviewed as well as the measured optical performance of the prototype. In parallel to the optical design work, development of an electrochromic mirror has provided a working device with faster switching than current state of the art. Switchable absorbers have been demonstrated with switching times less than 0.5 seconds. The deposition process and characterization of these devices will be presented. Finally, details of an updated optical design with additional freeform surfaces will be presented as well as plans for integrating the electrochromic mirror into the system.

关键词： Freeform optics Head-mounted optics Diamond-turning Reflective optics Electrochromic Switchable mirror

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Recent developments in wafer-level fabrication of micro-optical multi-aperture imaging systems

Recent developments in wafer-level fabrication of micro-opti...

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conference on optical design and engineering iv

作者： Leitel, R. Dannberg, P. Brueckner, A. Braeuer, A. Fraunhofer Inst Appl Opt & Precis Engn D-07745 Jena Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819487933

Micro-optical systems, that utilize multiple channels for imaging instead of a single one, are frequently discussed for ultra-compact applications such as digital cameras. The strategy of their fabrication differs due to different concepts of image formation. Illustrated by recently implemented systems for multi-aperture imaging, typical steps of wafer-level fabrication are discussed in detail. In turn, the made progress may allow for additional degrees of freedom in optical design. Pressing ahead with very short overall lengths and multiple diaphragm array layers, results in the use of extremely thin glass substrates down to 100 microns in thickness. The desire for a wide field of view for imaging has led to chirped arrays of microlenses and diaphragms. Focusing on imaging quality, aberrations were corrected by introducing toroidal lenslets and elliptical apertures. Such lenslets had been generated by thermal reflow of lithographic patterned photoresist and subsequent molding. Where useful, the system's performance can be further increased by applying aspheric microlenses from reactive ion etching (RIE) transfer or by achromatic doublets from superimposing two moldings with different polymers. Multiple diaphragm arrays prevent channel crosstalk. But using simple metal layers may lead to multiple reflections and an increased appearance of ghost images. A way out are low reflecting black matrix polymers that can be directly patterned by lithography. But in case of environmental stability and high resolution, organic coatings should be replaced by patterned metal coatings that exhibit matched antireflective layers like the prominent black chromium. The mentioned components give an insight into the fabrication process of multi-aperture imaging systems. Finally, the competence in each step decides on the overall image quality.

关键词： micro-optics imaging systems compound eyes cameras multi aperture

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Large volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with image fusion based on CNN feature extraction 22

Large volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XXII

作者： Li, Sihang Wang, Zhuangzhuang Cao, Xiongjun Li, Zhihui Song, Xianlin Nanchang Univ Ji Luan Acad Nanchang 330031 Jiangxi Peoples R China Nanchang Univ Sch Informat Engn Nanchang 330031 Jiangxi Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781510644670

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644670

Photoacoustic imaging(PAI) is a emerging powerful and efficient imaging technology. optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy is an useful photoacoustic imaging technique combining the advantages of both optical imaging and acoustic imaging which obtains many attractive advanges such as high resolution, high contrast and so on. Laser beam is often focused strongly to achieve high resolution. However, this will lead to a poor depth-of-field and less structural information which limits the further application of this technology. A image fusion method based on CNN feature extraction is proposed to achieve large volumetric optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. First, two groups of simulated 3D photoacoustic data of different focal locations were obtained through photoacoustic microscopic imaging platform. Then B-scan data were fused and maximum projection of the reconstructed 3D data is taken to display the photoacoustic information. By comparing the source images and the fused image, we show that the proposed method can be implemented to obtain large volumetric and high-resolution photoacoustic images.

关键词： photoacoustic microscopy depth expandsion image fusion convolutional neural network

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Large-format telecentric lens

Large-format telecentric lens

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： Bai, Hanxiang Sadoulet, Samuel P. Edmund Opt Inc 101 E Gloucester Pike Barrington NJ 08007 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

Research and development efforts to improve the performance of telecentric lens design for large-format cameras are driven by the ever-increasing deployment of these types of systems into the industrial Imaging arena. These lens designs typically have stringent requirements for contrast and resolution (> 30% at 1001p/mm) across large sensor sizes (up to 90mm) while maintaining both object- and image-space 91 telecentricity (0.1 degrees object-space, 0.2 degrees image-space). This paper explores various characteristics related to large-format telecentric lens designs and performance. In particular, details around advantages of afocal finite-conjugate imaging, mathematic expression for chromatic telecentricity, and desensitization of working distance variance are discussed with reference to geometric optics and aberration theory. Improvement of chromatic telecentricity and relief of requirement on image-distance accuracy are shown with graphics and MTF plots. Product parameter performance data is provided as an example.

关键词： large-format telecentric lens double telecentric lens telecentric lens large format machine vision lens telecentricity chromatic telecentricity afocal optical system desensitization

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GENETIC ALGORITHM AND THIN-FILM design

GENETIC ALGORITHM AND THIN-FILM DESIGN

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4th conference on optical Thin Films: New developments

作者： RABINOVITCH, K TOKER, G ELOP ELECTROOPT IND LTDIL-76110 REHOVOTISRAEL

ISBN: (纸本)0819415863

Genetic algorithms, developed by J. H. Holland, are randomized search algorithms which mimic the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. In this work a genetic algorithm was applied to optimization of sophisticated thin-film systems. It was found to be an efficient tool rapidly converging to the target as defined by the merit function. The algorithm is introduced, discussed, and illustrated for two applications: a polarization-preserving coating of a penta-roof prism for a long-grange optical sight and a phase light splitter--beam divider/combiner for bi-directional fringe-counting interferometers.

关键词： GENETIC ALGORITHMS THIN-FILM design POLARIZATION PHASE LIGHT SPLITTER INTERFEROMETRY

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