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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Current Developments in Optical Design and Optical Engineering IV"

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Macro optical system for biological application

Macro optical system for biological application

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical Systems engineering

作者： Kawano, Y Abe, C Abe, K Hayashi, K Hatta, Y Tamura, K Olympus Amer Inc Sci Equipment Grp Melville NY 11747 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437387

currently, the requirement of wide field view fluorescence observation is increasing in the biological field, but the existing microscopes have difficulty in imaging lower magnification fluorescence images. It is very easy to image in higher magnification with higher resolution and brightness using existing microscopes, but it is very difficult to image in lower magnification that are also bright. We focused on two applications in which a macro lens would be useful. The first application is DNA array reading. The second application is In Vivo imaging. Both applications require wide observation areas and bright images which are needed to lower magnification and fluorescence capability. The macro lens needs to have high numerical aperture (N..) and low magnification. We also believe if the macro lens can be attached to the existing microscopes, it will be quite useful to various applications because the scientists can then observe fluorescence images from low magnification to high magnification. To fulfill these needs, we designed macro objective lenses. Listed bellows are our macro lens' unique features. 1. Specification for the macro objective lenses are 2X, N. A. 0.14 and 4X, N. A. 0.28. These N. A. is higher than the existing microscope objective lenses of equal magnifications. 2. The 4X and 2X macro lens can be attached to existing microscopes. 3. These macro lenses can be used with the video lens such as 0.5X.

关键词： macro objective lens 4X 2X fluorescence

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Measurement of lens focal length using multi-curvature analysis of Shack-Hartmann wavefront data

Measurement of lens focal length using multi-curvature analy...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering V

作者： Neal, DR Copland, J Neal, DA Topa, DM Riera, P WaveFront Sci Inc Albuquerque NM 87123 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819454613

The lens is one of the most commonly used optical elements. Yet it is sometimes difficult to make accurate effective focal length and pupil position measurements, especially for long focal length lenses. Many measurement methods rely on a mechanical measurement to determine the back focal length, or may require careful operator discrimination in determining the best focus position. Aberrations may confuse an automatic focal length measurement system. However, an accurate determination of the optical properties of a lens is often critical for building an accurate system model. We have developed a method for measurement of the focal length, pupil plane and collimation positions of positive lenses using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The SHWFS uses a micro-optic lens array to separate the incoming wavefront into a pattern of focal spots. The position of these focal spots is related to the local wavefront slope. Wavefront reconstruction allows the complete incident wavefront to be retrieved. A Zernike decomposition reconstructor is used to separate the effects of lens focal power from other aberrations. The lens under test is illuminated by a point source on a computer-controlled stage. The transmitted wavefront was recorded by the SHWFS while the source was translated over a few mm range. By analyzing the Zernike coefficient associated with defocus, we were able to extract the focal length, pupil plane and collimation positions using a least squares fitting procedure. This procedure was tested for a variety of lenses of varying focal lengths, from 10 to 1000 mm focal length, and showed excellent repeatability and accuracy. These measurements were compared to knife-edge, manufacturer's specification, and ray-tracing analysis for verification testing.

关键词： focal length wavefront sensor Shack-Hartmann Hartmann-Shack lens testing optical testing optical metrology lens testing focal length measurement lens power vergence

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Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation fluxes

Radiance limits of ceramic phosphors under high excitation f...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering Xiv

作者： Lenef, Alan Kelso, John Zheng, Yi Tchoul, Maxim OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc Corp Technol CRSL Beverly MA 01915 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Ceramic phosphors, excited by high radiance pump sources, offer considerable potential for high radiance conversion. Interestingly, thermodynamic arguments suggest that the radiance of the luminescent spot can even exceed that of the incoming light source. In practice, however, thermal quenching and (non-thermal) optical saturation limit the maximum attainable radiance of the luminescent source. We present experimental data for Ce:YAG and Ce:GdYAG ceramics in which these limits have been investigated. High excitation fluxes are achieved using laser pumping. optical pumping intensities exceeding 100W/mm(2) have been shown to produce only modest efficiency depreciation at low overall pump powers because of the short Ce3+ lifetime, although additional limitations exist. When pump powers are higher, heat-transfer bottlenecks within the ceramic and heat-sink interfaces limit maximum pump intensities. We find that surface temperatures of these laser-pumped ceramics can reach well over 150 degrees C, causing thermal-quenching losses. We also find that in some cases, the loss of quantum efficiency with increasing temperature can cause a thermal run-away effect, resulting in a rapid loss in converted light, possibly over-heating the sample or surrounding structures. While one can still obtain radiances on the order of many W/mm(2)/sr, temperature quenching effects ultimately limit converted light radiance. Finally, we use the diffusion-approximation radiation transport models and rate equation models to simulate some of these nonlinear optical pumping and heating effects in high-scattering ceramics.

关键词： radiance phosphors ceramics saturation thermal quenching entropy optical pumping

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design, tolerancing and alignment of pushbroom imaging spectrometers for high response uniformity

Design, tolerancing and alignment of pushbroom imaging spect...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering II

作者： Mouroulis, P Shea, JJ Thomas, DA CALTECH Jet Propuls Lab Pasadena CA 91109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441554

We present a design and tolerancing approach that permits the achievement of a high degree of spatial and spectral uniformity of response from a pushbroom imaging spectrometer. Such uniformity of response is crucial for the extraction of accurate spectroscopic information from remotely sensed data. The spectrometer system example comprises two independent spectrometer modules covering the 400-2500 nm range, separated through a dichroic mirror. The relative merits of alternative approaches are briefly reviewed before concentrating on the problem of building a flight-worthy system that can approximate its design performance. The tolerancing approach requires simultaneous monitoring of many parameters, and specifically: overall image quality, spectral distortion, spectral MTF variation with field, spatial distortion, spatial MTF variation with wavelength, and slit magnification to within a small fraction of a pixel. It is shown that the wavefront error alone or even supplemented by distortion figures is insufficient for characterizing a system with high response uniformity. Tolerance values on the components and their positioning are primarily guided by the need to achieve the same magnification between the two spectrometer modules, as well as by the interferometric alignment method.

关键词： Tolerancing Spectrometers Short wave infrared radiation Beam splitters Mirrors Modulation transfer functions Distortion Image quality Point spread functions Wavefronts

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A three-channel miniaturized optical system for multi-resolution imaging

A three-channel miniaturized optical system for multi-resolu...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering Xiv

作者： Belay, Gebirie Y. Ottevaere, Heidi Meuret, Youri Thienpont, Hugo Vrije Univ Brussel Fac Engn Dept Appl Phys & Photon TONA Brussels Photon TeamB PHOT B-1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9780819496911

Inspired by the natural compound eyes of insects, multichannel imaging systems embrace many channels that scramble their entire Field-Of-View (FOV). Our aim in this work was to attain multi-resolution capability into a multi-channel imaging system by manipulating the available channels to possess different imaging properties (focal length, angular resolution). We have designed a three-channel imaging system where the first and third channels have highest and lowest angular resolution of 0.0096 degrees and 0.078 degrees and narrowest and widest FOVs of 7 degrees and 80 degrees, respectively. The design of the channels has been done for a single wavelength of 587.6 nm using CODE V. The three channels each consist of 4 aspherical lens surfaces and an absorbing baffle that avoids crosstalk among the neighbouring channels. The aspherical lens surfaces have been fabricated in PMMA by ultra-precision diamond tooling and the baffles by metal additive manufacturing. The profiles of the fabricated lens surfaces have been measured with an accurate multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine and compared with the corresponding profiles of the designed lens surfaces. The fabricated lens profiles are then incorporated into CODE V to realistically model the three channels and also compare their performances with those of the nominal design. We can conclude that the performances of the two latter models are in a good agreement.

关键词： Multi-resolution imaging systems angular resolution multi-channel three-channel

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design of nano-pattern reflectors for thin-film solar cells based on three-dimensional optical and electrical modeling 4

Design of nano-pattern reflectors for thin-film solar cells ...

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conference on Physics, Simulation, and Photonic engineering of Photovoltaic Devices iv

作者： Hsiao, H. H. Chang, H. C. Wu, Y. R. Natl Taiwan Univ Grad Inst Photon & Optoelect Taipei 10617 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781628414486

The optical and electrical properties of a photonic-plasmonic nanostructure on the back contact of thin-film solar cells were investigated numerically through the three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain method and the 3D Poisson and drift-diffusion solver. The focusing effect and the Fabry-Perot resonances are identified as the main mechanisms for the enhancement of the optical generation rate as well as the short circuit current density. However, the surface topography of certain nanopattern structures is found to reduce the internal electrostatic field of the device, thus limiting charge collection. The optimized conditions for both optics and electronics have been analyzed in this paper.

关键词： Thin-film solar cells nanostructure amorphous silicon

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Review on Advancements and Challenges in Terahertz optical Communication

Review on Advancements and Challenges in Terahertz Optical C...

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2024 International conference on Smart Electronics and Communication Systems, ISENSE 2024

作者： Anujan, Titto Jose, Tony Vijayan, Vismaya Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Division of ECE Tamil Nadu Coimbatore641114 India College of Engineering Trivandrum Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kerala 695016 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528126

The frequency range of terahertz (THz) has shown great promise for optical communication due to its enormous bandwidth and low interference. This review paper provides a thorough analysis of the latest developments and current obstacles in THz optical *** microwave and infrared wavelengths, the terahertz (THz) frequency range has special possibilities for optical communication *** investigates how THz frequencies and optical communication are convergent, emphasising the latter's promise for high-bandwidth, low-latency data transfer. We investigate possible uses of THz optical communication, such as sensing, imaging, and wireless networks, highlighting the revolutionary influence of this new sector on the design of communication systems in the future. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Bandwidth

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Surface Micro-Structuring of Glassy Carbon for Precision Glass molding of Diffractive optical Elements 15

Surface Micro-Structuring of Glassy Carbon for Precision Gla...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering XV

作者： Prater, Karin Dukwen, Julia Scharf, Toralf Herzig, Hans Peter Hermerschmidt, Andreas Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Opt & Photon Technol Lab CH-2000 Neuchatel Switzerland Fraunhofer Inst Prod Technol IPT D-52074 Aachen Germany CHOLOEYE Photon AG D-12489 Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781628412192

Glassy carbon is used nowadays for a variety of applications because of its mechanical strength, thermal stability and non-sticking adhesion properties. This makes it also a suitable candidate as mold material for precision compression molding of low and high glass-transition temperature materials. To fabricate molds for diffractive optics a high-resolution structuring technique is needed. We introduce a process that allows the micro-structuring of glassy carbon by reactive ion etching. Key parameters such as uniformity, surface roughness, edge definition and lateral resolution are discussed. They are the most relevant parameters for a stamp in optical applications. The use of titanium as a hard mask makes it possible to achieve a reasonable selectivity of 4:1, which has so far been one of the main problems in micro-structuring of glassy carbon. We investigate the titanium surface structure with its 5-10 nm thick layer of TiO2 grains and its influence on the shape of the hard mask. In our fabrication procedure we were able to realize optically flat diffractive structures with slope angles of more than 80 degrees at typical feature sizes of 5 mu m and at 700 nm depth. The fabricated glassy carbon molds were applied to thermal imprinting onto different glasses. Glassy carbon molds with 1 mm thickness were tested with binary optical structures. Our experiments show the suitability of glassy carbon as molds for cost efficient mass production with a high quality.

关键词： diffractive optical element glass molding glassy carbon reactive ion etching fused silica molding

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Recent progress in lead-salt lasers

Recent progress in lead-salt lasers

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Laser Diodes and Applications II conference

作者： Ishida, A Fujiyasu, H SHIZUOKA UNIV DEPT ELECT & ELECTR ENGNHAMAMATSUSHIZUOKA 432JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)0819420565

Lead-salt narrow gap semiconductors are useful materials for mid infrared lasers operating at 2.5 - 20 micrometer range. In this paper, we review recent advances in the lead-salt mid- infrared lasers, and propose a new intersubband laser using type-II superlattice structure. Progress in growth methods, studies on band offsets of heterostructures including superlattices, and developments of new lead-salt materials improved the device performance such as operation temperature, threshold current, and wavelength coverage. In PbSnTe system, design of laser structures taking into account the type-I' band offsets realized high- performance long-wavelength lasers with wavelength coverage to 20 micrometer. Development of new active layer materials such as PbEuTe, PbSrSe, and PbSrS realized effective carrier confinement, and extremely increased operation temperature of the lasers in 2.5 - 6 micrometer range. Introduction of quantum wells into the active layer is giving further possibility to the lead-salt mid-infrared lasers.

关键词： lead salt iv-VI compound infrared laser intersubband laser quantum well superlattice

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Lens design and system optimization for foveated imaging

Lens design and system optimization for foveated imaging

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Curatu, George Harvey, James E. LightPath Technol 2603 Challenger Tech Ct Orlando FL 32826 USA Univ Cent Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

Foveated imaging addresses the need for compact wide-angle imagers capable of high-resolution and compressed data transmission. The principle behind foveated imaging is to cover a wide field-of-view (FOV) with a relatively simple and compact low-resolution lens, and use a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) to correct wavefront aberrations at any selected field point. The SLM correction provides a high-resolution fovea that can be actively moved anywhere within the FOV. While most research has focused so far mainly on SLM performance, the general trend being to increase SLM resolution and modulation depth, the actual lens design and system optimization aspects were often neglected. In this paper, we propose a wide-angle lens design intended for foveated imaging applications, and discuss typical tradeoffs. Taking this design as an example, we present a method to estimate the smallest SLM resolution required to correct the wavefront error effectively, showing that with the appropriate design, this resolution can be reduced up to 10 times compared to current designs. Increasing the SLM resolution beyond this point and increasing the modulation depth above one wavelength is not necessary, and will actually reduce the performance of the imaging system. We also demonstrate the importance of fabrication tolerances, and we propose a method to calibrate the SLM in order to cancel out all additional wavefront aberrations introduced by fabrication and assembly errors.

关键词： foveated imaging adaptive optics wide-angle lenses aberration compensation spatial light modulators liquid crystal devices

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