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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Electro-Optical Technology for Remote Chemical Detection and Identification II"

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chemical detection using the airborne thermal infrared imaging spectrometer (TIRIS)

Chemical detection using the airborne thermal infrared imagi...

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conference on electro-optical technology for remote chemical detection and identification ii

作者： Gat, N Subramanian, S Barhen, J Sheffield, M Erives, H Opto-Knowledge Systems Inc. (United States) Oak Ridge National Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424978

A methodology is described for an airborne, downlooking, longwave infrared imaging spectrometer based technique for the detection and tracking of plumes of toxic gases. Plumes can be observed in emission or absorption, depending on the thermal contrast between the vapor and the background terrain. While the sensor is currently undergoing laboratory calibration and characterization, a radiative exchange phenomenology model has been developed to predict sensor response and to facilitate the sensor design. An inverse problem model has also been developed to obtain plume parameters based on sensor measurements. These models, the sensors, and ongoing activities are described.

关键词： organic compounds chemical warfare agents drug manufacturing byproducts imaging spectrometer plume tracking infrared terrain thermal emission inverse problem TIRIS

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detection and characterization of explosives using Raman spectroscopy: identification, laser heating, and impact sensitivity

Detection and characterization of explosives using Raman spe...

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conference on electro-optical technology for remote chemical detection and identification ii

作者： McNesby, KL Fell, NF Vanderhoff, JA U.S. Army Research Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424978

Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be a useful tool for characterizing neat crystalline explosive samples and for identifying principle components in many propellant and explosive formulations. Recently, we have been investigating changes in Raman spect a of explosives and propellant formulations which occur as the temperature approaches the melting point of the sample. We report: recent measurements of Raman spectra of explosives and propellant formulations during bulk heating, and recent measurements of laser heating of the samples during measurement of Raman spectra. The results of these measurements are important to investigators using Raman spectroscopy to measure vibrational spectra at the surface of burning propellant samples.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy Temperature metrology Crystals Laser scattering Raman scattering Scattering Explosives Analytical research Visible radiation Molecules

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Evaluation of frequency agile laser (FAL) for chemical detection

Evaluation of frequency agile laser (FAL) for chemical detec...

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conference on electro-optical technology for remote chemical detection and identification ii

作者： Klauber, G Simi, C Brinegar, PM Williams, MM U.S. Army Night Vision & Electronic Sensors Directorate (United States) Electronic Warfare Associates (United States) E-OIR Measurements Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424978

The Night Vision and electronic Sensors Directorate's (NVESD's) Signatures and Sensors Branch performed a series of experiments to evaluate the feasibility of developing a man portable LIDAR system to perform column content and/or range resolved chemical detection. In order to perform these experiments in an expedient and low cost manner an existing Frequency Agile Laser (FAL) system was utilized. These experiments were conducted in three phases: 1) full system characterization, 2) chemical cell tests, and 3) simulated stack plume tests. The system characterization was used as a baseline for system performance. Once the system was fully characterized, a series of chemical cell experiments were conducted. The cell test determined the basic feasibility of column content chemical detection and quantification using LIDAR technology. Following a series of successful chemical cell experiment, the stack tests provided a more extensive and realistic way of evaluating column content mode LIDAR capabilities as well as the ability to evaluate the feasibility of performing range resolved chemical detection. Four chemicals were used for the cell and stack experiments. The chemicals were chosen based on real chemical stack exhaust of production plant processes. This paper provides an overview of the LIDAR experiments performed, preliminary data results and analysis, and future efforts planned in support of this project.

关键词： remote chemical LIDAR laser detection OPO

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Applications and use of in-situ chemical sensors in semiconductor manufacturing

Applications and use of in-situ chemical sensors in semicond...

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conference on electro-optical technology for remote chemical detection and identification ii

作者： Tolliver, DL Atkinson, GH Innovative Lasers Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424978

The nse of in-situ chemical sensors in semiconductor wafer fabrication will increase significantly over the next five years. Advanced gas phase and liquid phase real time, non contaminating chemical sensors will be applied in four major categories of use. These four areas of application are: 1) Upstream measurements of trace contaminants in high purity process gases and liquids. 2) In-the-chamber or in-the-process bath measurements of chemical species of on line active process tools 3) Real time, on line, downstream measurements of gas phase and liquid phase effluents coming from semiconductor wafer process tools. 4) Semiconductor industrial hygiene and safety monitors for toxic substances in the work place This paper will review each of these major applications for both gases and liquids as they will need to be integrated into semiconductor wafer manufacturing over time. Some existing sensor applications currently exist. This review will focus exclusively on in-situ real time chemical monitoring sensors.

关键词： semiconductor gases liquids in-situ real time contamination chambers environmental

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Optimal transmitter energy normalization algorithm for vapor detection and estimation using frequency-agile lasers

Optimal transmitter energy normalization algorithm for vapor...

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conference on electro-optical technology for remote chemical detection and identification ii

作者： Warren, RE SRI International (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424978

Frequency-agile lidar (FAL) with the capability of tuning to more than 60 wavelengths within 1 second, can provide better vapor detection and multimaterial discrimination ability than two-wavelength differential absorption lidar. This paper extends an earlier optimal approach for processing FAL data to include signals with a fluctuating component due to shot-to-shot variations in the transmitted pulse energy whenever a local measurement of that energy is available. Traditional methods for performing this so-called transmit energy normalization have typically ratioed the received iidar signal by the energy monitor data. It is shown that this is, in general, not only a suboptimal approach, but can degrade the performance of the lidar below that achieved by not normalizing the data at all. The optimal approach is shown to be a linear correction to the received signal proportional to the monitor data. The estimated correlation between the transmitted and received signals provides the optimal proportionality factor at each wavelength. Simple approximate expressions are derived for comparing the performance of the optimal versus ratio estimators. The approach is illustrated on both synthetic and actual FAL data.

关键词： differential absorption lidar remote sensing detection information processing signal processing

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Concurrent multi-level simulation of an ultra high speed chemical imaging spectrometer: A design tool to decrease time and cost to prototyping

Concurrent multi-level simulation of an ultra high speed che...

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conference on electro-optical technology for remote chemical detection and identification ii

作者： Jensen, JL Blonski, S Crosier, RB Schlein, MS Lean, MH U.S. Army Edgewood Research Development and Engineering Ctr. (United States) Xerox Corp. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424978

Dwindling research and development funds coupled with increasing customer demands and rapidly developing technologies present a difficult dilemma to systems developers. A current area of innovation is the integration of the abundant but diverse computer resources (both hardware and software) into practical and powerful computing environments to support the product development processes in the industrial and defense sectors. Edgewood has leveraged a number of existing resources to create a ''virtual prototyping'' environment based on the principles of Concurrent Multi-Level Simulation. We named our environment the ''Computational Prototyping Network''.

关键词： concurrent multi-level simulation computational prototyping modeling simulation virtual prototyping chemical imaging sensor virtual interferometer computer aided engineering cae

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Synthetic image generation of factory stack and cooling tower plumes

Synthetic image generation of factory stack and cooling towe...

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conference on electro-optical technology for remote chemical detection and identification ii

作者： Kuo, SD Schott, JR Rochester Institute of Technology (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424978

A new model for generating synthetic images of plumes has been developed using a radiometrically based ray-tracing algorithm. Existing plume models that describe the characteristics of the plume (constituents, concentration, particulate sizing, and temperature) are used to generate AutoCAD models for input into the code. The effects of scattered light using Mie theory and radiative transfer, as well as thermal self-emission/absorption from within the plume, are modeled for different regions of the plume. The ray-tracing accounts for direct sunlight, scattered skylight, reflected sunlight from the background, and thermal self-emission from both the atmosphere and background. Synthetic generated images of a cooling tower plume, composed of water droplets, and a factory stack plume, composed of methyl chloride, are produced for visible, MWIR, and LWIR bands. Images of the plume from different view angles are also produced. Observations are made on the interaction between the plume and its background and possible effects for remote sensing. Images are made of the methyl chloride plume in which the concentration and temperature are varied to determine the sensitivity of the radiance reaching the sensor.

关键词： synthetic image generation remote sensing plume analysis software factory stack plumes cooling tower plumes

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Ultra high speed chemical imaging spectrometer

Ultra high speed chemical imaging spectrometer

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conference on electro-optical technology for remote chemical detection and identification ii

作者： Wadsworth, W Dybwad, JP Designs & Prototypes Ltd. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424978

A new type of imaging spectrometer is being developed for remote sensing and chemical detection. It is based on a rotary Fourier Transform Spectrometer design. The rotary nature of the scan allows both high speed operation and laserless sampling of the detector signal. Its small size also allows cryogenic operation for enhanced detection capability and stable calibration. A 360 scan per second single pixel prototype was built and demonstrated at ERDEC in April 1996. The single scan time at this speed is just under 1 millisecond The optical sensor measures 6 '' X 4 '' X 2 '', and weighs approximately 3 Ibs. Spectral resolution is 2 wavenumbers (cm(-1)) maximum, and coverage is 2-14 microns using Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) optics. Power consumption is less than 1 watt at steady state, slightly more at spinup. electronics and software package used COTS 12 bit, 10 MHz data acquisition and DSP board in conjunction with Labview software for acquisition and analysis on a desktop PC. Following this demonstration, the scan linearity was studied by passing a 3.3 micron laser signal through the IR channel using different rotor materials, and using laserless sampling to look at the resulting lineshape. The results of that testing is the subject of this paper. Subsequently, a 3 by 3 HgCdTe (MCT) detector array is being mated to the optical sensor. An enhanced data channel with 16 simultaneous 12 bit inputs is also being fitted, running at 1/10 of original speed. Image quality and pixel crosstalk are being analyzed at this lower speed Field measurements will be made in summer 1997.

关键词： imaging spectrometer Fourier Transform Spectrometer chemical sensor

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Recent advances in continuously tunable 8-12 mu m radiation using optical parametric oscillators

Recent advances in continuously tunable 8-12 mu m radiation ...

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conference on electro-optical technology for remote chemical detection and identification ii

作者： Allik, TH Chandra, S Science Applications International Corporation McLean VA 22102 1710 Goodridge Drive United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819424978

Advances in the development of crystals with good nonlinear properties have made optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) strong candidates for generation of coherent radiation. These technological advancements have renewed research in the development of solid state 8 - 12 mu m coherent OPO LIDAR sources for remote chemical sensing applications, if millijoule pulse energies are adequate and short (ns) pulses are beneficial. We present recent advances in OPO technology that have generated tunable, 3 - 5 mu m and 8 - 12 mu m radiation. Specific pump source technologies to be addressed are CO2, Nd:YAG, Er and Ho:host materials. The paper will examine nonlinear materials such as ZnGeP2, AgGaSe2, AgGaS2, and CdSe and their relevant parameters. The authors will discuss their results to obtain millijoule/pulse OPO energies with two different pump sources. Using a 25 mi, 50 ns, 2.79 mu m Cr,Er:YSGG laser to pump CdSe and ZnGeP2 OPOs, signal wavelengths from 3.6 - 4.7 mu m and idler wavelengths from 6.9 - 12.7 mu m were generated. A CdSe OPO yielded a 59% slope efficiency (eta) and 1.2 - 2.4 mi idler output between 8.5 and 12.3 mu M. A ZnGeP2 OPO operated with a lower threshold, eta = 29%, and 0.7 - 2.4 mi idler output from 6.9 to 9.9 mu M. Secondly, a non-critically phase-matched KTP OPO, at the fixed wavelength of 1.57 mu m, was used to pump a type I AgGaSe2 OPO. A 6.5 mm x 6.5 mm x 35.3 mn long, AgGaSe2 crystal yielded output, tunable from 6 to 14 mu m, with energies of up to 1.2 ml/pulse and a bandwidth of similar to 5 cm(-1) (FWHM).

关键词： optical parametric oscillators 8-12 mu m laser sources LIDAR laser technology

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electronic aroma detection technology for forensic and law enforcement applications

Electronic aroma detection technology for forensic and law e...

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conference on Forensic Evidence Analysis and Crime Scene Investigation

作者： Barshick, SA Griest, WH Vass, AA Oak Ridge National Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819423432

A major problem hindering criminal investigations is the lack of appropriate tools for proper crime scene investigations. Often locating important pieces of evidence means relying on the ability of trained detection canines. Development of analytical technology to uncover and analyze evidence, potentially at the scene, could serve to expedite criminal investigations, searches, and court proceedings. To address this problem, a new technology based on gas sensor arrays was investigated for its applicability to forensic and law enforcement problems. The technology employs an array of sensors that respond to volatile chemical components yielding a characteristic ''fingerprint'' pattern representative of the vapor-phase composition of a sample. Sample aromas can be analyzed and identified using artificial neural networks that are trained on known aroma patterns. Several candidate applications based on known technological needs of the forensic and law enforcement communities have been investigated. These applications have included the detection of aromas emanating from cadavers to aid in determining time since death, drug detection for deterring the manufacture, sale, and use of drugs of abuse, and the analysis of fire debris for accelerant identification. The results to date for these applications have been extremely promising and demonstrate the potential applicability of this technology for forensic use.

关键词： aroma detection sensor technology polymer sensor array neural network forensic applications drugs accelerants time since death

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