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Selection of angular harmonics by the use of diffractive optical elements

Selection of angular harmonics by the use of diffractive opt...

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2nd International conference on Singular Optics (Optional vortices): Fundamentals and Applications

作者： Kotlyar, v.v. Khonina, S.N. Soifer, v.A. Honkanen, M. Turunen, J. Image Processing System Institute RAS 151 Molodogvardejskaya st. 443001 Samara Russia

An eight-channel phase diffractive optical element capable of selecting angular harmonics was fabricated using electron-beam lithography. Experimental demonstration was given that angular harmonics could be successfully extracted with this filter from laser beams composed of Gauss-Laguerre modes. An optical interpretation of Lee algebra's symmetry operators for the paraxial propagation equation was also proposed.

关键词： Diffractive optics

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Denoising of ultrasound sector scans by nonlinear filtering of a morphological and linear ratio pyramid

Denoising of ultrasound sector scans by nonlinear filtering ...

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Medical Imaging 2001 conference

作者： Metzler, v Puls, M Aach, T Med Univ Lubeck Inst Signalverarbeitung D-23538 Lubeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819440086

The quality of ultrasound images is limited due to granular speckle noise. The presented despeckle algorithm compensates the depth-dependent shape of granular speckles in sector scans by an initial coordinate transform. This yields a horizontally oriented speckle pattern of constant resolution and hence allows the use of constant filter templates. The signal-dependent nature of multiplicative speckle noise is considered by a ratio pyramid containing noise-normalized, subsampled scales corrupted by signal-independent noise. Since speckles can be identified as positive and negative impulses on the, subsampled scales, they axe removed by selfdual nonlinear multistage filters (NMF). The templates axe adapted to the granular appearance of the speckles and the degree of filtering is individually controlled by the local noise power in each scale. We propose a new selfdual morphological pyramid with the common erosion/dilation as analysis operators and the reconstructive dilation/erosion as synthesis operators. The resulting closing-by reconstruction and opening by reconstruction branches consider local intensity amplifications and attenuations, respectively. They are generated separately and combined only for scale-selective restoration by NMFs. Besides morphological decomposition, a ratio Laplacian pyramid is evaluated and its performance is compared with the proposed morphological decomposition. Both methods lead to significant noise reduction, where the morphological method introduces less signal degenerations.

关键词： ultrasound image sector scan speckle noise signal-dependent noise restoration ratio pyramid morphological pyramid selfdual filters reconstructive filters multistage filters rankorder filters

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Colour triplet-valued wavelets and splines

Colour triplet-valued wavelets and splines

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International Symposium on image and Signal processing and Analysis

作者： v. Labunets A. Maidan E. Labunets-Rundblad J. Astola Tampere International Center for Signal Processing Tampere University of Technology Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9539676940

The concept of colour and and multispectral image recognition connects all the topics we are considering. Colour (multispectral) image processing is investigated using an algebraic approach based on triplet numbers. In the algebraic approach, each image element is considered not as a 3D vector, but as a triplet number. The main goal of the paper is to show that triplet algebra can be used to solve colour image processing problems in a natural and effective manner. We propose novel methods for wavelet transforms and spline implementation in colour space.

关键词： algebra Color image processing image recognition Multispectral imaging Signal processing Wavelet transforms Animals History visual system

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Automatic image segmentation based on tophat morphological transformation

Automatic image segmentation based on tophat morphological t...

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International conference on CAD Systems in Microelectronics (CADSM)

作者： v. Mosorov B. Rusyn Computcr Engineering Department Technical University of Lodz Lodz Poland Department of Methods and Means for Image Identification Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute Lviv Ukraine

Relates to a method of processing a digital image representing ribbon-shaped objects of nonuniform intensity contrasting with a background of smaller intensity, which includes an automatic segmentation phase. We have given an image segmentation algorithm, object sizes unknown, based on morphological operation. The morphological operators use adapting size apertures for different image parts The algorithm has been implemented and executed on a set of grey-scale images.

关键词： Shape image segmentation morphological operations Morphology Histograms image edge detection Feature extraction Automated highways image analysis Degradation

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image compression by decomposition into bit planes

Image compression by decomposition into bit planes

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International conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service (TELSIKS)

作者： T. Loncar-Turukalo v. Crnojevic Z. Trpovski Fac. of Eng. Novi Sad Serbia

The subject of this paper is image decomposition into bit planes and its compression based on the independent analysis of bit planes and appropriate preprocessing and coding. The results obtained are presented and som... 详细信息

关键词： image coding Pixel image analysis image processing Morphology image decomposition morphological operations Frequency Noise generators image quality

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Synthesis and applications of lattice image operators based on fuzzy norms

Synthesis and applications of lattice image operators based ...

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IEEE International conference on image processing

作者： P. Maragos v. Tzouvaras G. Stamou Department Electrical & Computer Engineering National and Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

We use concepts from the lattice-based theory of morphological operators and fuzzy sets to develop generalized lattice image operators that can be expressed as nonlinear convolutions that are suprema or infima of fuzzy intersection or union norms. Our emphasis (different from previous works) is the construction of pairs of fuzzy dilation and erosion operators that form lattice adjunctions. This guarantees that their composition will be a valid algebraic opening or closing. The power, but also the difficulty, in applying these fuzzy operators to image analysis is the large variety of fuzzy norms and the absence of systematic ways in selecting them. Towards this goal, we have performed extensive experiments in applying these fuzzy operators to various nonlinear filtering and image analysis tasks, attempting first to understand the effect that the type of fuzzy norm and the shape/size of the structuring function has on the resulting new image operators. Further, we have developed some new fuzzy edge gradients and optimized their usage for edge detection on test problems via a parametric fuzzy norm.

关键词： Lattices image edge detection Fuzzy sets Fuzzy systems Filtering Convolution Signal mapping Application software Fuzzy set theory Testing

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validation of brain segmentation and tissue classification algorithm for T1-weighted MR images

Validation of brain segmentation and tissue classification a...

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Medical Imaging 2001 conference

作者： Chalana, v Ng, L Rystrom, L Gee, J Haynor, D Insightful Corp Seattle WA 98109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819440086

volumetric analysis of the brain from MR images is an important biomedical research tool. Segmentation of the brain parenchyma and its constituent tissue types, the gray matter and the white matter, is necessary for volumetric information in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. We have implemented and compared two different classes of algorithms for segmentation of the brain parenchyma. In the first algorithm a combination of automatic thresholding and 3-D mathematical morphology was used to segment the brain while in the second algorithm an optical flow-based 3-D non-rigid registration approach was used to warp an MR head atlas to the subject brain. For tissue classification within the brain area a 3-D Markov Random Field model was used in conjunction with supervised and unsupervised classification. The algorithms described above were validated on a data set provided at the Internet Brain Segmentation Repository that consists of 20 normal T1 volumes (3 nim. slice thickness) with manually segmented brain and manually classified tissues. While the morphological segmentation algorithm had an average similarity index of 0.918, the atlas-based brain segmentation algorithm has an average similarity index of 0.953. The supervised tissue classification had an average similarity index of 0.833 for gray matter voxels and 0.766 for white matter voxels. The performance of these algorithms is quite acceptable to end-users both in terms of accuracy and speed.

关键词： brain MR T1-weighted segmentation atlas-based segmentation non-rigid registration tissue classification validation

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Compression and decompression of fuzzy relations in the basic logic over

Compression and decompression of fuzzy relations in the basi...

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conference of the North American Fuzzy Information processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： v. Loia S. Sessa Dipartimento di Matematica ed Informatica Università di Salerno Baronissi Salerno Italy Dipartmento di Costruzioni e Metodi Matematici in Architettura Università di Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy

We improve the mathematical contents of two previous papers using the axioms of the basic logic over [0,1] due to Hajek (1998). We make use of the theory of fuzzy relation equations for getting lossy compression and decompression of images. These are understood as two-argument fuzzy matrices of sizes m/spl times/n, compressed to two argument fuzzy matrices of sizes h /spl times/ k, h /spl les/ m and k /spl les/ n. We are widely inspired from two papers of Nobuhara et al. (2000), but we propose several slight modifications illustrating an algorithm implemented in Java.

关键词： Fuzzy logic image coding Equations algebra Logic functions Fuzzy sets Java Lattices

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Restoration of ultrasound images by nonlinear scale-space filtering

Restoration of ultrasound images by nonlinear scale-space fi...

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conference on Nonlinear image processing XI

作者： Metzler, v Puls, M Aach, T Med Univ Lubeck Inst Signalverarbeitung D-23538 Lubeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819435791

The quality of ultrasound images is limited by granular speckle noise. This paper presents two nonlinear restoration methods based on multiscale signal decomposition. Initially, signal-dependent multiplicative speckle noise is transformed to additive noise by a logarithm point operation. Rectangular coordinates are obtained by a polar coordinate transform of the sector image. The lateral distortions require filter masks that are locally adapted to the ellipsoidal speckle spots. The images are decomposed into frequency bands and morphological scales by a Laplacian pyramid and self-dual morphological filtering, respectively. In both cases the subbands are filtered by special rank-order/morphological filters depending on lateral and radial resolutions of the ultrasound image. In case of Laplacian subbands, multistage filters consider elongated structures by unidirectional median filtering and subsequent rank-order operations. morphological scales contain size-dependent speckle-shaped objects and are filtered by a novel self-dual reconstruction operator that equally treats noise resulting from amplified and attenuated reflected sound-waves. The performance of the despeckle algorithms is demonstrated for different types of B-mode sector scans. Both methods show significant noise reduction capability preserving object contours due to nonlinear filtering of the subbands.

关键词： ultrasound images speckle noise restoration logarithmic image model polar coordinate transform Laplacian pyramid morphological scale-space multistage filters rank-order filters self-dual morphological filters

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morphological multiscale shape analysis of light micrographs

Morphological multiscale shape analysis of light micrographs

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conference on Nonlinear image processing XI

作者： Metzler, v Lehmann, T Aach, T Med Univ Lubeck Inst Signalverarbeitung D-23538 Lubeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819435791

Shape analysis of light-micrographs of cell populations is important for cytotoxicity evaluation. This paper presents a morphological method for quantitative analysis of shape deformations of cells in contact to a biomaterial. After illumination normalization, a morphological multiscale segmentation yields separated cells. Shape deformation, and hence, toxicity of the substance under scrutiny, is quantified by means of compactness distribution and pattern spectrum of the population. Since the logarithmic image model is applicable to transmitted light, illumination normalization is achieved by removing the illumination component from the log-image by a tophat transform utilizing a large reconstruction filter. Subsequent thresholding and noise filtering yields connected binary cells, which are segmented by a marker-based, multiscale approach. For this, size-specific marker scales are generated removing noise and false markers. Each cell is now represented by an isolated marker. Converse integration of marker scales is performed by successive reconstruction of the original cell shapes, preventing merging of markers. Our method yields reasonable cell segmentations that go along with cell morphology even for differently sized and very distinct shapes. The obtained quantitative data is significantly correlated to the toxicity of the substance to be evaluated. Currently, the method is used for extensive biocompatibility tests.

关键词： shape analysis mathematical morphology scale-space light micrograph logarithmic image model quantitative cytology biomaterials cytotoxicity pattern spectrum

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