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Recent advances in extra-wide-band polarimetry, interferometry and polarimetric interferometry in synthetic aperture remote sensing and its applications

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-radar SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2003年第3期150卷 113-124页

作者： Boerner, WM Univ Illinois Dept Elect & Comp Engn Commun Sensing & Imaging & Nav Lab UIC ECE CSN Chicago IL 60607 USA

The development of radar polarimetry and radar interferometry is advancing rapidly, and these novel radar technologies are revamping 'synthetic aperture radar imaging' decisively. The successive advancements are sketched - beginning with the fundamental formulations and highlighting the salient points of these diverse remote sensing techniques. Whereas with radar polarimetry the textural fine-structure, target orientation and shape, symmetries and material constituents can be recovered with considerable improvements above that of standard 'amplitude-only polarisation radar';with radar interferometry the spatial (in depth) structure can be explored. In 'polarimetric-interferometric synthetic aperture radar (POL-IN-SAR) imaging' it is possible to recover such co-registered textural plus spatial properties simultaneously. This includes the extraction of 'digital elevation maps (DEM)' from either 'fully polarimetric (scattering matrix)' or 'interferometric (dual antenna) SAR image data takes' with the additional benefit of obtaining co-registered three-dimensional 'POL-IN-DEM' information. Extra-wide-band POL-IN-SAR imaging - when applied to 'repeat-pass image overlay interferometry' - provides differential background validation and measurement, stress assessment, and environmental stress-change monitoring capabilities with hitherto unattained accuracy, which are essential tools for improved global biomass estimation and also for wetland assessment and monitoring. More recently, by applying multiple parallel repeat-pass EWB-POL-D(RP)-IN-SAR imaging along stacked (altitudinal) or displaced (horizontal) flight-lines will result in 'tomographic (multi-interferometric) polarimetric SAR stereo-imaging', including foliage- and ground-penetrating capabilities. In addition, various closely related topics of (i) acquiring additional and protecting existing spectral windows of the 'natural electromagnetic spectrum (NES)' pertinent to remote sensing;and (ii) mitigation against com

关键词： jamming global biomass estimation material constituents differential background validation differential background measurement radar theory radar polarimetry ground penetration multiple parallel repeat-pass SAR imaging co-registered textural properties dual antenna tomographic polarimetric SAR stereo-imaging spatial properties symmetries wetland monitoring Electromagnetic compatibility and interference stress assessment target shape synthetic aperture radar imaging remote sensing by radar repeat-pass image overlay interferometry spatial structure natural electromagnetic spectrum wetland assessment radio frequency interference stereo image processing radar equipment, systems and applications radar interferometry radiowave interferometry airborne POL-IN-SAR imaging platforms amplitude-only polarisation radar textural fine-structure polarimetric-interferometric synthetic aperture radar extra-wide-band interferometry target orientation Optical, image and video signal processing scattering matrix extra-wide-band polarimetric interferometry image texture Geophysical techniques and equipment image registration radar imaging reviews synthetic aperture remote sensing synthetic aperture radar spectral windows DEM foliage penetration RFI spaceborne POL-IN-SAR imaging platforms POL-IN-SAR imaging extra-wide-band polarimetry environmental stress-change monitoring radar technologies digital elevation maps intentional directive jamming

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Comparison of diverse approaches for synthetic aperture radar images pixel fusion under different precision registration

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IET image processing 2011年第8期5卷 661-670页

作者： Xueyun, W. Huaping, X. Jingwen, L. Pengbo, W. Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Sch Elect & Informat Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

All kinds of approaches have been proposed to implement the pixel fusion for remote-sensing images that must be strictly registered in advance. Errors introduced by finite precision registration would influence the performance of fusion process. Moreover, it is not easy to achieve high precision registration on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Thus it is significative to evaluate the performance of diverse fusion approaches under different precision registration, especially in low precision condition. In this study, several current image fusion methods are applied to execute the pixel fusion on real SAR images under different precision registration, and the influence of registration error on their respective performance is tested. The experimental outcomes indicate that the contrast pyramid and wavelet transform fusion methods have shown the better performance than the other compared methods.

关键词： SAR images remote sensing by radar synthetic aperture radar image pixel fusion method finite precision image registration radar imaging wavelet transform fusion methods radar equipment, systems and applications wavelet transforms image registration image fusion Integral transforms Other topics in Earth sciences Optical, image and video signal processing synthetic aperture radar remote-sensing images contrast pyramid transform fusion methods

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DOPPLER PARAMETER-ESTIMATION FOR SPACEBORNE synthetic-aperture radarS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND remote sensing 1985年第1期23卷 47-56页

作者： LI, FK HELD, DN CURLANDER, JC WU, C CALTECH JET PROP LABRADAR SIGNAL PROC RES GRPPASADENACA 91109

Problems in the determination of Doppler parameters for spaceborne synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data processing are examined. The degradations in image quality due to errors in these parameters are summarized. We show that these parameters can be estimated using accurate spacecraft ancillary data. In cases where such data are not available, we propose two techniques to estimate these parameters using the coherent radar return. These techniques were tested with the Seasat SAR data and the test results demonstrate that the accuracies achieved exceed the system performance requirements. Possible applications of these techniques in other areas of SAR data utilization are briefly discussed.

关键词： Spaceborne radar Parameter estimation Doppler radar radar imaging System testing synthetic aperture radar Data processing Degradation image quality Space vehicles

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Improved alpha angle estimation of polarimetric SAR data

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2016年第5期52卷 393-394页

作者： Lu, Da Zou, Bin Harbin Inst Technol Dept Informat Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

Land cover classification is one of the primary applications of remote sensing. Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar provides significant information of scattering mechanism for classification. The alpha angle extracted from the Cloude eigenvector decomposition has been wildly used in discriminating targets. However, the alpha angle is always overestimated in forest area, which will induce misclassification. The estimation bias of alpha angle will be discussed. An improved alpha angle estimation method is introduced to overcome the aforementioned problem. A validation process is performed by using National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Airborne synthetic aperture radar data.

关键词： eigenvalues and eigenfunctions forest area acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination in geophysics radar polarimetry Algebra land cover remote sensing radar equipment, systems and applications geophysical image processing radar imaging Data and information Cloude eigenvector decomposition Instrumentation and techniques for geophysical, hydrospheric and lower atmosphere research scattering mechanism Algebra, set theory, and graph theory National Aeronautics and Space Administration polarimetric synthetic aperture radar jet propulsion laboratory airborne synthetic aperture radar data Optical, image and video signal processing remote sensing by radar improved alpha angle estimation method land cover classification Geophysical techniques and equipment image classification polarimetric SAR data synthetic aperture radar

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Graph signal processing-Based Imaging for synthetic aperture radar

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IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND remote sensing LETTERS 2020年第2期17卷 232-236页

作者： Gishkori, Shahzad Mulgrew, Bernard Univ Edinburgh Inst Digital Commun IDCOM Sch Engn Edinburgh EH8 9YL Midlothian Scotland

In this letter, we propose graph signal processing-based imaging for synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Our method provides improved denoising and resolution enhancing capabilities, along with a reduction in computational complexity, by exploiting the concept of extended neighborhood in SAR images. We present a modified version of a fused least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to cater for graph structure of the SAR image. It can also accommodate the compressed sensing framework. We solve the optimization problem via the alternating direction method of multipliers. Experimental results on a backhoe target corroborate the validity of our proposed method.

关键词： radar polarimetry synthetic aperture radar Imaging radar imaging image edge detection apertures Fused least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (FLASSO) graph signal processing (GSP) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging

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Using omega-K algorithm for bistatic synthetic aperture radar image formation based on modified extended Loffeld's bistatic formula

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IET radar SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2013年第4期7卷 383-392页

作者： Zamani, Mohammad Modarres-Hashemi, Mahmood Isfahan Univ Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Esfahan Iran

Bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BSAR) as a way of Earth remote sensing has been developed considerably in recent years, both theoretically and practically due to its unsubstitutable services. BSAR frequency-domain processing algorithms are efficient ways of image formation in comparison to ideal two-dimensional matched filtering and to relatively accurate and time-consuming time-domain algorithms. Among these frequency-domain algorithms, omega-K is the most precise. The starting and key step of frequency-domain algorithms is the derivation of bistatic spectrum. Recently, a new bistatic spectrum is reported, which is probably the latest and the most modified version of Loffeld's bistaic formula (LBF), maintaining its accuracy even in azimuth-variant configurations with high squint angles. So far, this spectrum has only been used within range-Doppler algorithm to process BSAR data. The authors investigate the possibility and results of applying this modified version of LBF as a basis for omega-K algorithm. Two approaches, based on Stolt interpolation and inverse scaled Fourier transform, are examined and their effectiveness in general azimuth-variant geometry is validated through several simulations. The proposed implementations show higher performance in terms of image quality measurements as compared to extended LBF-based implementations.

关键词： Earth remote sensing Geophysical techniques and equipment two-dimensional matched filtering bistatic synthetic aperture radar image formation Stolt interpolation remote sensing by radar frequency-domain processing algorithms azimuth-variant configurations frequency-domain algorithms radar equipment, systems and applications Optical, image and video signal processing matched filters radar imaging inverse scaled Fourier transform time-domain algorithms bistatic spectrum omega-K algorithm modified extended Loffeld's bistatic formula

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An Algorithm for Ship Wake Detection from the SAR images Using the Radon Transform and Morphological image processing

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2001年第4期12卷 7-12页

作者：金亚秋王世庆 Center for Wave Scattering and Remote Sensing School of Information Science and Technology Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China

Using the Radon transform and morphological image processing, an algorithm for ship's wake detection in the SAR (synthetic aperture radar) image is developed. Being manipulated in the Radon space to invert the gray-level and binary images, the linear texture of ship wake in oceanic clutter can be well detected. It has been applied to the automatic detection of a moving ship from the SEASAT SAR image. The results show that this algorithm is well robust in a strong noisy background and is not very sensitive to the threshold parameter and the working window size.

关键词： Algorithms image processing Mathematical transformations radar clutter radar target recognition Spurious signal noise synthetic aperture radar

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Raw signal processing of stripmap bistatic synthetic aperture radar

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IET radar SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2009年第3期3卷 233-244页

作者： Xu, F. Jin, Y. -Q. Fudan Univ Key Lab Wave Scattering & Remote Sensing Informat Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China

Under the translational invariant (TI) configuration of stripmap imaging bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BISAR), the frequency domain expression of signal model is developed. Two forms, with an approximation of extracting the range dependence and an accurate iterative solution, as well as their respective focusing methods, that is the approximated solution method and the iterative solution method are presented here. The range-Doppler method is extended to the TI configuration of BISAR. Imaging simulation of the point targets and comparison with the bistatic backprojection method shows the feasibility of these methods as well as their merits and demerits.

关键词： raw signal processing iterative solution method stripmap bistatic synthetic aperture radar iterative methods Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) translational invariant configuration Optical, image and video signal processing bistatic backprojection method range-Doppler method approximated solution method synthetic aperture radar radar imaging radar equipment, systems and applications frequency domain expression TI configuration

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Single snapshot imaging method in multiple-input multiple-output radar with sparse antenna array

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IET radar SONAR AND NAVIGATION 2013年第5期7卷 535-543页

作者： Gu, Fufei Chi, Long Zhang, Qun Zhu, Feng Air Force Engn Univ Sch Informat & Navigat Xian 710077 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Wave Scattering & Remote Sensing Informat Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China

In this study, a single snapshot imaging method of the moving targets in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with sparse antenna array is proposed. First, a configuration of sparse antenna array is presented and then, on the basis of this, an imaging method based on compressed sensing theory is put forward. With this method, the image of a moving target can be achieved via single snapshot imaging processing. It not only can avoid motion compensation processing as required by conventional inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging, but also can dramatically reduce the number of the antenna elements, which is a quite large number in the typical configuration of MIMO radar system with linear antenna array. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is validated by the simulation results.

关键词： compressed sensing sparse antenna array inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging motion compensation processing compressed sensing theory Optical, image and video signal processing linear antenna array radar equipment, systems and applications imaging method synthetic aperture radar radar imaging antenna arrays single snapshot imaging method multiple-input multiple-output radar Single antennas Antenna arrays MIMO radar

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SEASAT synthetic-aperture radar DATA REDUCTION USING PARALLEL PROGRAMMABLE ARRAY PROCESSORS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND remote sensing 1982年第3期20卷 352-358页

作者： WU, C BARKAN, B KARPLUS, WJ CASWELL, D UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES DEPT COMP SCILOS ANGELESCA 90024

This paper presents a digital signal processing system that produces the SEASAT synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The system consists of a SEL 32/77 host minicomputer and three AP-120B array processors. The partitioning of the SAR processing functions and the design of softwae modules is described. The rationale for selecting the parallel array processor architecture and the methodology for developing the parallel processing scheme on this system is described. This system attains a SEASAT SAR data reduction speed of 2.5 h per 25-m resolution 4-look and 100 km X 100 km image frame. A prelininary performance evaluation of this parallel processing system and potential future applications for remote sensing data reduction are described.

关键词： Spaceborne radar radar imaging synthetic aperture radar remote monitoring Space technology Optical sensors Delay Acceleration Parallel processing remote sensing

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