The Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT, formerly known as the DCT) is a 4.3-m telescope designed and constructed for optical and near infrared astronomical observation. We present the evolution over time of LDT's ima...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510653467;9781510653450
The Lowell Discovery Telescope (LDT, formerly known as the DCT) is a 4.3-m telescope designed and constructed for optical and near infrared astronomical observation. We present the evolution over time of LDT's imagequality and ways to improve it, upgrades to the instrument suite, and lessons learned from operating during the pandemic.
Stray light analysis is essential for the design of high-quality optical systems, to ensure that unwanted light reaching the sensor is minimized, and artifacts that degrade optical performance - such as lens flare - a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510673571;9781510673564
Stray light analysis is essential for the design of high-quality optical systems, to ensure that unwanted light reaching the sensor is minimized, and artifacts that degrade optical performance - such as lens flare - are mitigated. This article introduces a system-level approach for stray light analysis using Ansys Optics simulation tools, considering stray light from both optical and non-optical components. The article illustrates how these tools can be integrated with Ansys optiSLang for automated exploration and design optimization. The practical camera use-case highlights a seamless data exchange between Ansys Optics simulation tools. It employs a range of intuitive features, from Ansys Zemax OpticStudio's sequential ray tracing, extending to Ansys Speos ray path analysis, while leveraging HPC and Cloud Computing. The combined capabilities offer an efficient solution, streamlining collaboration and enabling optimized optical system designs.
The human visual system (HVS) is important for guiding the blind imagequality assessment method (BIQA). Inspired by the free-energy principle, an NR-IQA method that simulates human visual perception is proposed. The ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400709647
The human visual system (HVS) is important for guiding the blind imagequality assessment method (BIQA). Inspired by the free-energy principle, an NR-IQA method that simulates human visual perception is proposed. The whole model consists of an image restoration network and a multi-stream quality prediction network. Firstly, the distorted image is fed into the image restoration network to generate the restored images and discrepancy map, in which the quality perception constraint and the structural similarity discrepancy map-based constraint are both considered during the optimization to improve the recovery performance. Then, the distorted images, the restored images, and the perceptual discrepancy maps are utilized as inputs for the multi-stream quality prediction network to obtain their fused features. Finally, the fused features are input into the patch-based attention module to obtain the final image patch scores. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed model is effective and achieves competitive performance when compared with other related state-of-the-art methods.
Ghost images refer to unwanted secondary images or reflections that appear alongside the primary image, causing interference or reducing imagequality. These ghost images are caused by multiple reflections of in-field...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510673571;9781510673564
Ghost images refer to unwanted secondary images or reflections that appear alongside the primary image, causing interference or reducing imagequality. These ghost images are caused by multiple reflections of in-field imaging rays within the optical system. We have developed a methodology for comprehensive modeling and analysis of ghost images produced within a catadioptric multi-spectral imaging systems. Instead of characterising these ghosts as mere points of light, we conducted a detailed qualitative and quantitative examination of the ghost reflections. We identify cross-talk ghost as a significant issue, even with low surface reflection coefficients. By identifying major contributors, the study enables the formulation of robust mitigation strategies. Our methodology includes generating ghost layouts, identifying primary contributors, and precisely quantifying the flux stemming from these ghost reflections. Furthermore, we introduced multiple strategies for reducing ghost reflections, culminating in the design of a Ghost Blocker Plate engineered to effectively counteract ghost reflections. A series of meticulously planned experiments was conducted to validate our developed methodology. As a result, we successfully demonstrated a substantial reduction in ghost reflections within an optical system, reducing them from an initial level of 23% to less than 1%.
Residual connection has become an essential structure of deep neural networks. In residual connection, shallow features are directly superimposed to deep features without any processing. In this paper, a quadratic pol...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789819985456;9789819985463
Residual connection has become an essential structure of deep neural networks. In residual connection, shallow features are directly superimposed to deep features without any processing. In this paper, a quadratic polynomial residual module is designed to increase the nonlinear fitting ability of the network. As the name suggests, this module superimposes quadratic polynomials of shallow features onto deep features. In this way, the series of two modules has the fitting ability of a quartic polynomial. The fitting ability of the network increases exponentially with the number of layers. According to Taylor's theorem, it can be concluded that this module effectively improves the fitting ability of the network. Meanwhile, the image patches containing more information have greater contribution to imagequality assessment. The patches are screened according to the two-dimensional information entropy, which reflects the information amount of patches. Based on the above two points, a quadratic polynomial residual network with entropy weighting and multi-receptive field structure is proposed for no-reference imagequality assessment. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high accuracy and more effectively fits the human visual system.
The purpose of this study is to build an interactive construction progress and quality monitoring system based on image processing, so as to improve the monitoring efficiency and quality management level of the constr...
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Satellite data transmission is a crucial bottleneck for Earth observation applications. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel solution that trains a neural network on board multiple satellites to compress raw d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350365474
Satellite data transmission is a crucial bottleneck for Earth observation applications. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel solution that trains a neural network on board multiple satellites to compress raw data and only send down heavily compressed previews of the images while retaining the possibility of sending down selected losslessly compressed data. The neural network learns to encode and decode the data in an unsupervised fashion using distributed machine learning. By simulating and optimizing the learning process under realistic constraints such as thermal, power and communication limitations, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach. For this, we model a constellation of three satellites in a Sun-synchronous orbit. We use real raw, multispectral data from Sentinel-2 and demonstrate the feasibility on space-proven hardware for the training. Our compression method outperforms JPEG compression on different image metrics, achieving better compression ratios and imagequality. We report key performance indicators of our method, such as imagequality, compression ratio and benchmark training time on a Unibap ix10-100 processor. Our method has the potential to significantly increase the amount of satellite data collected that would typically be discarded (e.g., over oceans) and can potentially be extended to other applications even outside Earth observation. All code and data of the method are available online to enable rapid application of this approach.
Phantom-based quality control, the current standard of QC in medical imaging, calibrates imagequality at a population level, but does not account for the influence of patient variation on quality. In this work, we pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781510671553;9781510671546
Phantom-based quality control, the current standard of QC in medical imaging, calibrates imagequality at a population level, but does not account for the influence of patient variation on quality. In this work, we present a method to evaluate task-based imagequality directly in individual clinical CT exams. Noise power spectrum (NPS) is measured in selected local image regions satisfying linearity and noise stationarity constraints, and globally over the volumetric image. Together with a semi-empirical model of image resolution, NPS is used to calculate noise-equivalent quanta (NEQ), a fundamental metric of image fidelity and information content. The NEQ may be extended to task-based detectability (d') via a specified task function and model observer. We show that this method can: 1) elucidate intra-patient variations in signal detectability, and 2) task performance variations across a patient population. The method may be implemented in a hospital-wide online system that monitors imaging performance in CT exams in real-time.
This study proposes an innovative algorithm based on DCNN and multi-channel image fusion, aiming to improve the quality and efficiency of virtual scene image generation. The algorithm extracts depth information and te...
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The feasibility of using machine learning methods to generative architectural design solutions has been widely recognized as an effective in enhancing innovation, diversity, and efficiency of solutions. However, in ge...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789887891819
The feasibility of using machine learning methods to generative architectural design solutions has been widely recognized as an effective in enhancing innovation, diversity, and efficiency of solutions. However, in generative design methods, the accuracy and quality of design results often rely on empirical evaluation of expert, which is challenging to evaluate and quantify by unified standards. This paper proposes a comprehensive method for evaluating model performance in architectural design tasks. The evaluation is based on computational criteria (i.e., FID, IS, SIMM indicators) and expert system criteria. The computational metrics will measure the distance, diversity, and similarity between the feature vectors of the real image and the generated image. In contrast, the expert criteria will measure the accuracy, intentionality, and rationality of the layout scheme. This study applies this framework to evaluate three widely used generative models in architectural design: GANs, Diffusion Models, and VAE. The framework also guides the optimization of generative models in architectural applications and assists architects in validating generative outcomes with more efficient workflows.
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