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Segmentation-Based Regularization of Dynamic SPECT reconstruction

Segmentation-Based Regularization of Dynamic SPECT Reconstru...

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference 2009

作者： Humphries, T. Saad, A. Celler, A. Hamarneh, G. Moeller, T. Trummer, M. R. Simon Fraser Univ Dept Math Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada Simon Fraser Univ Dept Comp Sci Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Radiol Vancouver BC V5Z 1L8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424439614

Dynamic SPECT reconstruction using a single slow camera rotation is a highly underdetermined problem, which requires the use of regularization techniques to obtain useful results. The dSPECT algorithm (Farncombe et al. 1999) provides temporal but not spatial regularization, resulting in poor contrast and low activity levels in organs of interest, due mostly to blurring. In this paper we incorporate a user-assisted segmentation algorithm (Saad et al. 2008) into the reconstruction process to improve the results. Following an initial reconstruction using the existing dSPECT technique, a user places seeds in the image to indicate regions of interest (ROIs). A random-walk based automatic segmentation algorithm then assigns every voxel in the image to one of the ROIs, based on its proximity to the seeds as well as the similarity between time activity curves (TACs). The user is then able to visualize the segmentation and improve it if necessary. Average TACs are extracted from each ROI and assigned to every voxel in the ROI, giving an image with a spatially uniform TAC in each ROI. This image is then used as initial input to a second run of dSPECT, in order to adjust the dynamic image to better fit the projection data. We test this approach with a digital phantom simulating the kinetics of Tc99m-DTPA in the renal system, including healthy and unhealthy behaviour. Summed TACs for each kidney and the bladder were calculated for the spatially regularized and non-regularized reconstructions, and compared to the true values. The TACs for the two kidneys were noticeably improved in every case, while TACs for the smaller bladder region were unchanged. Furthermore, in two cases where the segmentation was intentionally done incorrectly, the spatially regularized reconstructions were still as good as the non-regularized ones. In general, the segmentation-based regularization improves TAC quality within ROIs, as well as image contrast.

关键词： dynamic SPECT dSPECT image reconstruction segmentation random walk

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Conclusions from an Experimental 3D Ultrasound Computer Tomograph

Conclusions from an Experimental 3D Ultrasound Computer Tomo...

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging conference

作者： Ruiter, Nicole v. Schwarzenberg, Gregor F. Zapf, Michael Gemmeke, Hartmut Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Inst Data Proc & Elect D-76133 Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424427147

Ultrasound Computer Tomography (USCT) records the interaction of ultrasonic waves with an imaged object from many different angles. The main advantage of such a system is simultaneous recording of reflection, absorption and speed of sound images, and higher image quality with fast data acquisition. Until now, it was not feasible to build a 3D USCT due to the high demands on the required number of transducers, high data rate, and time consuming post-processing. The aim of this first experimental setup for 3D USCT was to analyze the feasibility for breast cancer diagnosis of such a system built with today's technology and draw conclusions for future setups. The results of this system are presented and discussed in regard of data acquisition, image quality, and duration of image reconstruction. The main conclusion is that 3D USCT is feasible with today's technology, if a sparse aperture or long DAQ times can be accepted. A setup for a second-generation 3D USCT with the main aim to image volunteers and carry out a small preclinical study is proposed.

关键词： data acquisition

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Regularization methods in iterative algorithms for variance reduction on compressed sinogram random coincidences

Regularization methods in iterative algorithms for variance ...

引用

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference 2009

作者： Panin, v. Y. Siemens Healthcare Mol Imaging Knoxville TN 37932 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424439614

The Poisson model based image reconstruction algorithms in PET require the estimation of the mean value of random coincidences. The random data are often acquired with a delayed coincidence technique, and expected randoms are estimated through variance reduction (AIR) of measured delayed coincidences. In the past we have developed iterative vR algorithms that estimate singles rates from random compressed sinograms. The final estimation of singles rates can be noisy in short scans. In the present work, we apply commonly used and specific regularization methods. A sequential coordinate ascent algorithm is used to maximize the penalized Poisson Likelihood objective function. Measured data from a Siemens True Point clinical scanner are used to validate the algorithm performance.

关键词： Iterative methods

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An Improved Wavefront reconstruction Method for Breast Microwave Imaging

An Improved Wavefront Reconstruction Method for Breast Micro...

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Annual International conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society

作者： Flores-Tapia, Daniel Thomas, Gabriel Pistorius, Stephen CancerCare Manitoba Dept Med Phys Winnipeg MB R3E 0V9 Canada Univ Manitoba Dept Elect & Comp Engn Winnipeg MB R3T 5V6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424432950

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in women between the ages of 15 and 54, and the second cause of cancer death in women the 55 to 74 age range. In recent years, Breast Microwave Imaging (BMI) has shown its potential as a promising breast cancer detection technique. This imaging technology is based on the electrical characteristic differences that exist between normal and malignant breast tissues at the microwave frequency range. A novel reconstruction approach for the formation of 2D BMI models is proposed in this paper. This technique uses the phase differences introduced during the collection of target responses in order to determine the correct spatial location of the different structures that constitute the final image. The proposed method yielded promising results when applied to simulated data sets obtained from Magnetic Resonance images (MRI).

关键词： Magnetic resonance

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A Comparison of Interpolation Methods for Breast Microwave Radar Imaging

A Comparison of Interpolation Methods for Breast Microwave R...

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Annual International conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society

作者： Flores-Tapia, Daniel Thomas, Gabriel Pistorius, Stephen CancerCare Manitoba Dept Med Phys Winnipeg MB R3E 0V9 Canada Univ Manitoba Dept Elect & Comp Engn Winnipeg MB R3T 5V6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424432950

In recent years, Breast Microwave Imaging (BMI) has shown its potential as a promising breast cancer detection technique. This imaging technology is based on the electrical characteristic differences that exist between normal and malignant breast tissues at the microwave frequency range. A promising image formation technique for BMI radar based approaches is wavefront reconstruction. In this approach, the image quality and execution time of this image formation technique is strongly affected by the interpolation method that is used. In this paper, a performance study between three popular interpolation techniques, nearest neighbor, linear and cubic splines, for breast microwave radar imaging is presented. The performance of the evaluated techniques was assessed using numeric phantoms obtained from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data sets. The results of this study indicate that linear interpolation techniques are the most suitable choices based on their computational cost, and the focal quality and signal to noise of their resulting images.

关键词： Radar imaging

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An application for tree detection using satellite imagery and vegetation data

An application for tree detection using satellite imagery an...

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18th International conference on Software Engineering and data Engineering 2009, SEDE 2009

作者： Brown, David T. Hoang, Roger v. Sgambati, Matthew R. Harris, Frederick C. Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Nevada Reno Reno NV 89557 United States Desert Research Institute Reno NV 89512 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781615672417

virtual reconstruction of large landscapes from satellite imagery can be a time-consuming task due to the number of objects that must be extracted. Poor image resolution and noise hinder automatic detection processes and thus must be corrected by the user. This paper describes an application that allows the user to guide the automatic detection of trees from satellite imagery and spatial vegetation data. The requirements of the system are specified and an architecture that satisfies these constraints is presented. The resulting application provides an intuitive computer-aided method for the selection and classification of trees.

关键词： Satellite imagery

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Quality Control Protocol for Frame-to-Frame PET Motion Correction

Quality Control Protocol for Frame-to-Frame PET Motion Corre...

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference 2009

作者： Ngo, Henry Dinelle, Katie Blinder, Stephan vafai, Nasim Topping, Geoff Sossi, vesna Univ British Columbia Dept Phys & Astron Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada Pacific Parkinsons Res Ctr Vancouver BC V6T IZ1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424439614

Subject motion during Position Emission Tomography (PET) brain scans can reduce image quality, and may lead to incorrect biological outcome measures, especially during analysis of dynamic data sets. This is particularly relevant when imaging with state-of-the-art scanners such as the High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT, Siemens Medical Solutions). Motion correction via frame-to-frame image realignment is simpler to implement and requires fewer computing resources than methods that correct for motion during data reconstruction and has been shown to significantly improve the accuracy of dynamically-derived biological variables. However, an ongoing problem is a lack of objective criteria to validate the accuracy of frame-to-frame realignment. visual inspection of realigned images is a common method of validation but requires a significant amount of operator time and results may vary from one operator to another. This work presents a quality control protocol that automatically flags inadequate realignments based on the comparison of motion transformation matrices obtained from two independent sources: the Polaris vicra optical tracking device and the image based realignment algorithm AIR (Automated image Registration). A metric was computed to determine the difference between the transformations from both methods. Realignments were accepted or flagged based on the value of the metric. Since the two methods rely on independent motion assessment tools, the chance of both algorithms giving consistently wrong estimates is low. Human test cases show that the quality control protocol is capable of correctly identifying both acceptable and incorrect realigned images, thus providing an objective quality control metric. Implementation of the protocol reduces the number of images requiring visual inspection by 72% and operator time required by 50%, decreasing both operator labour and operator-dependent biases.

关键词： Linear transformations

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High-Speed data Acquisition Electronics for a PEM Scanner

High-Speed Data Acquisition Electronics for a PEM Scanner

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16th IEEE/NPSS Real-Time conference

作者： Lousa, P. Almeida, F. G. Almeida, P. Bastos, A. L. Bexiga, v. Bugalho, R. Carmona, S. Carrico, B. Ferreira, C. S. Ferreira, N. C. Ferreira, M. Godinho, J. Concalves, F. Lecoq, P. Leong, C. Machado, P. Matela, N. Moura, R. Neves, P. Oliveira, N. Ortigao, C. Piedade, F. Pinheiro, J. F. Relvas, P. Rivetti, A. Rodrigues, P. Sampaio, J. Santos, A. I. Tavernier, S. Teixeira, I. C. Teixeira, J. P. Pimenta, N. Martins, M. C. Silva, J. C. Trindade, A. varela, J. INESC-ID Portugal INEGI Portugal IBEB/FCUL LIP IBILI/FMUC INOV Portugal INFN Italy HGO United States IPO CERN Switzerland VUB Belgium Inst. Superior Técnico Univ. Técnica de Lisboa Portugal Faculdade de Engenharia Univ. Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781424457960

Positron Emission based mammography systems are expected to constitute a significant breakthrough in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. This may lead to a significant enlargement in the horizon of women life.. since breast cancer is considered to be among the most deadly types. With this purpose, a consortium has been built to develop a mammography PET system in the framework of the Clear-PEM Collaboration. The Clear-PEM scanner is a unique Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) scanner using APD-based detectors. It Is capable of measuring Depth-of-Interaction (DoI) with a resolution of 2 min in LYSO:Ce crystals, enabling a spatial resolution of 1.2 mm. An important part of the PEM scanner is a high-speed DAE (data Acquisition Electronics) system. DAE has been developed to process and acquire data coming from the 12,288 front-end (FE) photo-detector channels. In this paper, an overview of this scanner (system and board-level electronics, mechanical design, service and image reconstruction software) is presented. focusing on the specification and implementation of the DAE which is responsible for real-time retrieving, analyzing, filtering and formatting the data coming from the front-end. The objective is to identify relevant data and after conditioning, according to pre-defined protocols, send the data to an acquisition PC for image reconstruction. Communication between DAE and PC is carried out using the S-Link (proprietary of CERN) protocol. Experimental results of validation and test of the DAE system are presented.

关键词： image reconstruction

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reconstruction of a three-dimensional bubble surface from high-speed orthogonal imaging of dilute bubbly flow

Reconstruction of a three-dimensional bubble surface from hi...

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5th International conference on Computational and Experimental Methods in Multiphase and Complex Flow

作者： Honkanen, M. Tampere Univ Technol FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781845641887

This paper presents image analysis algorithms to reconstruct a three-dimensional gas bubble surface from the time series of two orthogonal projections and to also recognize bubble outlines when the bubbles are partly overlapping in the image. Overlapping bubble images raise a large problem for three-dimensional, tomographic imaging of bubbly flows. Here, a novel approach to recognize the outlines of irregularly-shaped, overlapping bubbles based on the overlapping object recognition algorithm is presented. The main objective is to investigate the accuracy of a back-light imaging technique to measure bubble properties from a) a single projection or b) from two, orthogonal projections. The time series data of the bubble surface area, volume and orientation, location, velocity and trajectory direction is obtained. Temporal fluctuations in the measured bubble volume reveal the measurement accuracy in the case of a bubble swarm rising from a single orifice.

关键词： image analysis three-dimensional imaging high-speed imaging bubble sizing overlapping object recognition optical tomography

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Two-dimensional region-of-interest reconstruction: Analyzing the difference between virtual fanbeam and DBP-Hilbert reconstructions

Two-dimensional region-of-interest reconstruction: Analyzing...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Rolf Clackdoyle Dilip N. Ghosh Roy Michel Defrise Catherine Mennessier Moctar-Salem Ould Mohamed Department of Radiology University of Utah Salt Lake USA Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516 CNRS Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne France Division of Nuclear Medicine Free University of Brussels Brussels Belgium

This work addresses theoretical advances classical (2D) tomographic image reconstruction. During the past several years, inversion formulas have been established that allow ROI reconstruction from incomplete (yet sufficient) data. Such reconstructions have important consequences in certain practical situations, such as truncated projections. The precise relationship between the largest ROI that can be reconstructed and the incompleteness of the sinogram is a complex question which has still not been completely answered in the 2D case. These relationships are inherent to the system and have consequences for iterative/statistical reconstruction methods, because they describe which part of the reconstructed image is determined completely by the data; the other parts of the image will have been more heavily influenced by the regularization method or by the nature of the objective function. Our understanding of the nature of reconstruction from incomplete yet sufficient data relies mainly on formulas obtained from the virtual fanbeam (vFB) method and from the DBP-Hilbert method. The purpose of this work is to provide a structure in which to examine the inherent differences in these two approaches. Using a common reconstruction problem, we reformulate vFB and DBP-Hilbert reconstruction formulas into weight functions that are applied in the sense of an inner product to the sinogram. A common regularization is used for the Hilbert transform in both methods. Unlike the usual Fourier windows used in analytic methods, the regularization we used is applied locally to the singularity to avoid the regularization obscuring the nature of the reconstruction. The weight functions clearly show how truncated projections are being correctly handled. The dissimilarity in the weight functions of the two methods illustrates fundamental differences in managing incomplete data, and suggests that many other such methods exist.

关键词： image reconstruction Channel bank filters Tomography Iterative methods reconstruction algorithms Nuclear and plasma sciences image analysis Radiology Cities and towns Nuclear medicine

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