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A problem of emphasizing features of a surface roughness by means the Discrete Wavelet Transform

A problem of emphasizing features of a surface roughness by ...

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8th International conference on Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies/13th International conference on Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

作者： Niola, v Nasti, G Quaremba, G Univ Naples Federico II Dept Mech Engn Energet Naples Italy

When we are interested to the detection of the roughness features by means of the 3D reconstruction, based on photometric stereo techniques, an important problem is the elimination of the brightness variation due to different light conditions which can alter the response. This paper will concentrate on presenting results of a new method for eliminating this problem. Every pixel of a picture gives only one number: the brightness of the corresponding point on the object, whereas the surface orientation is described by a normal vector that has two degrees of freedom. The level of brightness depends on many factors as well as the homogeneity of reflection properties of the material or its physical continuity and the surface smoothness or roughness. In this work we will show how the application of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to the processing of some images, captured on different light conditions, permits to solve the problem of emphasizing roughness features of a metallic surface. Wavelet transforms can model irregular data patterns such as sharp changes, better than the Fourier transforms and standard statistical procedures (e.g., parametric and non-parametric regressions) and provide a multiresolution approximation to the data. Here we propose, also, a non-parametric method, based on the wavelet theory, for the estimation of the threshold level of a gray levels distribution, obtained from the intensity image matrix. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.v. All rights reserved.

关键词： image processing surface roughness wavelet transform optimum threshold

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3D reconstruction of localized objects from radiographs and based on multiresolution and sparsity

3D reconstruction of localized objects from radiographs and ...

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IEEE International conference on image Processing

作者： C. Soussen J. Idier Laboratoire d''Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de lIngénieur Orsay France Institut de Recherche en Communications et Cybernétique de Nantes Nantes France

We address the reconstruction of a 3D image from a set of incomplete X-ray tomographic data. In the case where the image is composed of one or several objects lying in a uniform background, we define a sparse parameterization by considering the active voxels, i.e., the voxels that do not lay inside the background. Estimation of the active voxel densities is performed using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator. In order to implement sparse parameter estimation, we design an original multiresolution scheme, which handles coarse to fine resolution images. This scheme affords automatic selection of active voxels at each resolution level, and provides a drastic decrease of the computation time. We finally show the performance of our method on synthetic data.

关键词： Radiography image reconstruction image resolution X-ray imaging reconstruction algorithms Tomography image storage Detectors Parameter estimation Density functional theory

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visualizing nano-electromechanics by vector piezoresponse force microscopy

Visualizing nano-electromechanics by vector piezoresponse fo...

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2005 NSTI Nanotechnology conference and Trade Show - NSTI Nanotech 2005

作者： Rodriguez, B.J. Jesse, S. Baddorf, A.P. Kalinin, S.v. Gruverman, A. Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 Condensed Matter Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831

ISBN: (纸本)0976798514

A novel approach for nanoscale imaging and presentation of the orientation dependence of electromechanical properties, vector piezoresponse force microscopy (vector-PFM), is proposed. The relationship between local polarization, piezoelectric constants and crystallographic orientation is described. The image formation mechanism in vector PFM and conditions for complete three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the electromechanical response vector and evaluation of the piezoelectric constants from PFM data are discussed. The developed approach can be applied to crystallographic orientation imaging in piezoelectric materials with a spatial resolution below 10 nm. Several approaches for data representation in two-dimensional (2D)-PFM and 3D-PFM are described.

关键词： Nanostructured materials

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Mesh modelling for sparse image data sets

Mesh modelling for sparse image data sets

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IEEE International conference on image Processing

作者： S.A. Coleman B.W. Scotney School of Computing and Intelligent Systems University of Ulster Londonderry UK

incomplete image data sets are of interest in many domains and arise in a variety of applications, and in particular in applications that use remote sensor array data. Although recent developments in mesh modelling of images have provided algorithms that can achieve accurate and efficient image representations without the high computational cost associated with earlier optimisation-based methods, such techniques rely on the availability of the entire image data. These content-based mesh modelling techniques aim to provide a high sample density in regions of interest, such as feature neighbourhoods or around moving objects, whilst achieving efficiency by retaining a low overall image sampling density. The sampling density is determined by a feature map, such as local image curvature or local spatial-frequency content that is obtained from the underlying complete image data. As the requirement for the availability of complete image data makes such content-based mesh modelling techniques unsuitable for application to incomplete images, where an image consists of a sparse data set, we aim to address this issue by proposing an alternative approach to mesh modelling that is based on automatically adaptive feature detection directly applicable to sparsely sampled images.

关键词： Sensor arrays image reconstruction image sampling image processing Remote sensing image representation Computational efficiency Availability Acoustic arrays image sensors

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Information processing techniques:: A major asset for the aging and life management of key NPP components

Information processing techniques:: A major asset for the ag...

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Pressure vessels and Piping conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers

作者： Just, v. E. Ricard, B. Chatellier, L. Fournier, L. Haik, P. EDF R&D F-78401 Chatou France

ISBN: (纸本)0791841928

The life management of a nuclear power plant raises several major issues amongst which ranks the aging management of the key components of the plant, both from a technical and an economic point of view. Decision-makers are thus faced with the need to define the best strategy in order to achieve the best possible performance while meeting all regulatory requirements. EDF R&D is therefore deeply involved in developing advanced decision-making support tools so the EDF Engineering and Generation Divisions can optimize the long-term management of NPP components. In this paper we wish to provide the reader with an overview of how advanced information processing techniques such as signal and image processing algorithms and knowledge-based information systems recently contributed to the improvement of in-service inspections, condition-based maintenance, and asset management. First we focus on how multi-dimensional image reconstruction techniques increase component durability as they dramatically improve defect positioning and sizing when applied to radiographic data or ultrasonic data. We then detail current research work regarding the development of next generation prognostics systems which allow condition-based maintenance to take simultaneously into account monitoring data (for early fault detection), time-dependent aging models (for degradation kinetics), expert opinion as well as a quantified evaluation of the impact (on reliability and costs) of every potential decision. Lastly we describe how knowledge-based systems can help top level decision-makers get a transverse, long-term view on how a life-management investment strategy translates into plant availability, avoided costs and improved component durability.

关键词： Nuclear power plants

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Modeling the organization of the WUSCHEL expression domain in the shoot apical meristem

Modeling the organization of the <i>WUSCHEL</i> expression d...

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13th International conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology

作者： Jönsson, H Heisler, M Reddy, Gv Agrawal, v Gor, v Shapiro, BE Mjolsness, E Meyerowitz, EM Univ Calif Irvine Sch Informat & Comp Sci Irvine CA 92717 USA Univ Calif Irvine Inst Genom & Bioinformat Irvine CA USA Lund Univ Complex Syst Div Dept Theoret Phys Lund Sweden CALTECH Div Biol Pasadena CA 91125 USA CALTECH Jet Prop Lab Pasadena CA 91125 USA

Motivation: The above-ground tissues of higher plants are generated from a small region of cells situated at the plant apex called the shoot apical meristem. An important genetic control circuit modulating the size of the Arabidopsis thaliana meristem is a feed-back network between the CLAvATA3 and WUSCHEL genes. Although the expression patterns for these genes do not overlap, WUSCHEL activity is both necessary and sufficient (when expressed ectopically) for the induction of CLAvATA3 expression. However, upregulation of CLAvATA3 in conjunction with the receptor kinase CLAvATA1 results in the downregulation of WUSCHEL. Despite much work, experimental data for this network are incomplete and additional hypotheses are needed to explain the spatial locations and dynamics of these expression domains. Predictive mathematical models describing the system should provide a useful tool for investigating and discriminating among possible hypotheses, by determining which hypotheses best explain observed gene expression dynamics. Results: We are developing a method using in vivo live confocal microscopy to capture quantitative gene expression data and create templates for computational models. We present two models accounting for the organization of the WUSCHEL expression domain. Our preferred model uses a reaction-diffusion mechanism in which an activator induces WUSCHEL expression. This model is able to organize the WUSCHEL expression domain. In addition, the model predicts the dynamical reorganization seen in experiments where cells, including the WUSCHEL domain, are ablated, and it also predicts the spatial expansion of the WUSCHEL domain resulting from removal of the CLAvATA3 signal.

关键词： Plants (botany)

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Garment motion capture using color-coded patterns

Garment motion capture using color-coded patterns

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26th Annual conference of the Eurographics-Association

作者： Scholz, v Stich, T Keckeisen, M Wacker, M Magnor, M MPI Informat Saarbrucken Germany Univ Tubingen GRIS WSI D-72074 Tubingen Germany

In this paper we present an image-based algorithm for surface reconstruction of moving garment from multiple calibrated video cameras. Using a color-coded cloth texture, we reliably match circular features between different camera views. As surface model we use air a priori known triangle mesh. By identifying the mesh vertices with texture elements we obtain a consistent parameterization of the surface over time without further processing. Missing data points resulting from self-shadowing are plausibly interpolated by minimizing a thin-plate functional. The deforming geometry can be used for different graphics applications, e.g. for realistic retexturing. We show results for real garments demonstrating the accuracy of the recovered flexible shape.

关键词： video cameras

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Numerical observer evaluation of 3D statistical PET reconstruction method with system response modeling

Numerical observer evaluation of 3D statistical PET reconstr...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： v.Y. Panin M. Chen M.E. Casey Molecular Imaging Siemens Medical Solutions Inc. Knoxville TN USA

Previously we have developed a 3D statistical method, which incorporates point spread function in the system matrix. Comparing to our standard 3D reconstruction algorithm with simple line integral model, this method resulted in improved resolution and noise behavior of phantom images. reconstruction of clinical data is usually performed from rebinned projection data, resulting in downsampled patient image. Efficient algorithm implementation allows reconstruction of patient data from rebinned data in time close to clinically acceptable. Then numerical observer study to evaluate algorithms performance is feasible. We use channelized Hotelling observer to establish hot spot detectability in noisy images for each method. Patient-derived phantom was used in computer simulations when a few known location tumors of various size and contrasts were added to patient image. Number of iterations and postsmoothing amount, optimal for hot spot detectability, were also investigated.

关键词： Positron emission tomography reconstruction algorithms image reconstruction image resolution Imaging phantoms image coding Statistical analysis Computer simulation Neoplasms image processing

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3D field reconstruction for nondestructive defect detection

3D field reconstruction for nondestructive defect detection

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International conference on Magnetics (INTERMAG)

作者： I. Marinova v. Mateev H. Endo S. Hayano Y. Saito Department of Electrical Apparatus Technical University of Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Institute of Fiuid Science University of Tohoku Japan Instiute of Fluid Science. Tohosu University Japan Hosei University Koganei Tokyo Japan

An approach for field and source 3D reconstruction visualizing the measured data of 2D magnetic field distributions is reported. A 3D volume of data for visualization of field is created from the 2D slices of locally measured and visualized field distribution at parallel surfaces by transforming each pixel in the 2D slice to its corresponding 3D location using the position, orientation and Green's function. The image of the locally measured field data are visualized and processed. The color source distribution which corresponds to the field source distribution is obtained using the image color model. This reconstruction approach is successfully applied in metallic tubes. The field distribution changes according to respective space locations, shapes, numbers and dimensions of existed defects and cracks in the tube.

关键词： data visualization Magnetic field measurement image reconstruction Electromagnetic fields Inspection image processing Magnetic analysis Shape measurement volume measurement Surface reconstruction

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Seismic imaging using complex wavelets

Seismic imaging using complex wavelets

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International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： M. Miller N. Kingsbury R. Hobbs Signal Processing Group Department of Engineering University of Cambridge UK Department of Earth Sciences University of Durham UK

The aim of seismic imaging is to reconstruct subsurface reflectivity from scattered acoustic data. In standard reconstruction techniques, the reflectivity model parameters are usually defined as a grid of point scatterers over the area or volume of the subsurface to be imaged. We propose an approach to subsurface imaging using the dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) as a basis for the reflectivity. This basis is used in conjunction with an iterative optimization which frames the problem as a linearized inverse scattering problem. We demonstrate the method on a marine seismic data set acquired over the Gippsland Basin near Australia. The technique is shown to reduce noise and processing artifacts while preserving discontinuities. It is likely to be particularly useful in cases where the acquired data are incomplete.

关键词： Reflectivity image reconstruction Acoustic imaging Acoustic scattering Wavelet transforms Inverse problems Cost function Acoustic signal processing Acoustical engineering data engineering

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