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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data V"

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An iterative approach to tensor tomography

An iterative approach to tensor tomography

引用

2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference Record

作者： Panin, v.Y. Zeng, G.L. Gullberg, G.T. University of Utah Department of Radiology 729 Arapeen Dr. Salt Lake City UT 84108-1218 United States

This paper investigates the iterative reconstruction of the tensor field in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion tensor imaging. In this application, projections represent line-integrals of the spin density function weighted by an exponential term of another scalar function, which is a function diffusion tensor components. Assuming a known spin density function, the reconstruction problem becomes the task of inverting a modified exponential Radon transform. An iterative method was developed for inverting the transform. A computer generated phantom was used to simulate the diffusion tensor in a cardiac MRI study. The diffusion model in this study depends upon the fiber structure of the myocardium. Computer simulations verify that the proposed method provides accurate reconstructions from noise-free and noisy projection data.

关键词： image reconstruction

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Morphological multiscale shape analysis of light micrographs

Morphological multiscale shape analysis of light micrographs

引用

conference on Nonlinear image Processing XI

作者： Metzler, v Lehmann, T Aach, T Med Univ Lubeck Inst Signalverarbeitung D-23538 Lubeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819435791

Shape analysis of light-micrographs of cell populations is important for cytotoxicity evaluation. This paper presents a morphological method for quantitative analysis of shape deformations of cells in contact to a biomaterial. After illumination normalization, a morphological multiscale segmentation yields separated cells. Shape deformation, and hence, toxicity of the substance under scrutiny, is quantified by means of compactness distribution and pattern spectrum of the population. Since the logarithmic image model is applicable to transmitted light, illumination normalization is achieved by removing the illumination component from the log-image by a tophat transform utilizing a large reconstruction filter. Subsequent thresholding and noise filtering yields connected binary cells, which are segmented by a marker-based, multiscale approach. For this, size-specific marker scales are generated removing noise and false markers. Each cell is now represented by an isolated marker. Converse integration of marker scales is performed by successive reconstruction of the original cell shapes, preventing merging of markers. Our method yields reasonable cell segmentations that go along with cell morphology even for differently sized and very distinct shapes. The obtained quantitative data is significantly correlated to the toxicity of the substance to be evaluated. Currently, the method is used for extensive biocompatibility tests.

关键词： shape analysis mathematical morphology scale-space light micrograph logarithmic image model quantitative cytology biomaterials cytotoxicity pattern spectrum

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Segmented attenuation map reconstruction from incomplete transmission data

Segmented attenuation map reconstruction from incomplete tra...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： H. Kudo H. Nakamura Institute of Information Sciences and Electronics University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan Doctoral Program in Engineering University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan

Accurate reconstruction of attenuation maps from incomplete sinograms are required in some cases of SPECT and PET imaging. This paper proposes a new method to directly reconstruct segmented attenuation maps from the incomplete sinograms. The proposed method is based on an image labeling technique where an optimum label configuration minimizing some energy function is found by using a stochastic sampling with simulated annealing. Unlike ordinary image labeling techniques, however, the authors introduce a powerful constraint called the topology-preserving constraint. This constraint reduces the search space to a set of label configurations having the same topology as the known topology of the attenuation map in question. The experimental results demonstrate that the topology-preserving constraint is powerful enough to reconstruct accurate segmented attenuation maps from the incomplete sinograms. The proposed method is tested with simulated data and PET transmission data.

关键词： Attenuation image reconstruction image segmentation Positron emission tomography Labeling Topology Stochastic processes image sampling Simulated annealing Testing

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Differential motions for recovering 3D structure and motions from an unstructured environment

引用

conference on 3-Dimensional image Capture and Applications III

作者： vicente, J Guinea, D Preciado, v Spanish Council Sci Res Inst Automt Ind Madrid 28500 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0819435767

Present work is focused to real time algorithms for estimating 3D structure and motion from an unstructured environment, we assume an uncalibrated camera. Our approach can be divided into two stages. The first is a self-calibration process, which is performed by means of a rotating camera, subsequently a reconstruction process is accomplished by translation movement. In both stages no correspondences are found in an explicit way, alternatively correspondences and transformations matrices are calculated together. To this end, we combine optical flow constraint with a projective model of a moving camera. Additionally we implement a multi-resolution approach to salve the infinitesimal nature of optical flow constraint. We also focus this work in the bottleneck time requirements existing in artificial vision systems that needs blending complex algorithms and huge amount of data. Results are presented to show the validity of the developed process.

关键词： image sequence self-calibration projective model

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PET and CT image registration of the rat brain and skull using the air algorithm

PET and CT image registration of the rat brain and skull usi...

引用

2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference Record

作者： vaquero, J.J. Desco, M. Pascau, J. Santos, A. Lee, I.J. Seidel, J. Green, M.v. National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 United States Hospital Univ. Gregorio Maranon Madrid Spain Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Madrid Spain

Spatially registered PET and CT images of the same small animal offer at least three potential advantages over PET alone. First, the CT images should allow accurate, nearly noise-free correction of the PET image data for attenuation. Second, the CT images should permit more certain identification of structures evident in the PET images and third, the CT images provide a priori anatomical information that may be of use with resolution-improving image reconstruction algorithms that model the PET imaging process. Thus far, however, image registration algorithms effective in human studies have not been characterized in the small animal setting. Accordingly, we evaluated the ability of the AIR algorithm to accurately register PET F-18 fluoride and F-18 FDG images of the rat skull and brain, respectively, to CT images acquired following each PET imaging session. The AIR algorithm was able to register the bone-to-bone images with a maximum error of less than 1.0 mm. The registration error for the brain-to-brain study, however, was greater (2.4 mm) and required additional steps and user intervention to segment the brain from the head in both data sets before registration. These preliminary results suggest that the AIR algorithm can accurately combine PET and CT images in small animals when the data sets are nearly homologous, but may require additional segmentation steps with increased mis-registration errors when registering disparate, low contrast soft tissue structures.

关键词： Algorithms

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An algorithm for the reconstruction and visualization of 3-D groundwater units

An algorithm for the reconstruction and visualization of 3-D...

引用

ModelCARE'99 conference

作者： Sirakov, N.M. Ribeiro, L. Pina, P. Muge, F.H. C.V.R.M. Instituto Superior Tecnico Av. Rovisko Pais P-1096 Lisbon Portugal

This article presents an approach for characterization of the three-dimensional (3-D) shape and relationships of groundwater units by using data obtained from well logs. The methodology encompasses the following main steps, based on the input information generation of a set of images applying geostatistical simulation techniques. Each image contains a section from three different types of groundwater unit: impermeable, less permeable and permeable;enhancement of the quality of the images by a mathematical morphology approach;generation of three new sets of images by applying 5-D vector feature space defined over the numerical field with a given distance. Each set contains sections from one groundwater unit;each set of groundwater sections is divided into subsets of similar sections by 3-D vector feature space. Each subset presents a 3-D body belonging to a certain 3-D groundwater unit. In order to create 3-D surfaces an approach based on regularities and essential border points is applied. A software tool was developed on the basis of the methodology. Experiments were performed using data from vale de Milhacos, Setubal region, Portugal,.

关键词： Groundwater flow

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Effects of attenuation on tumor detection in PET oncology

Effects of attenuation on tumor detection in PET oncology

引用

2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference Record

作者： Bai, C. Kinahan, P.E. Brasse, D. Comtat, C. Townsend, D.W. Meltzer, C.C. villemagne, v. Charron, M. Defrise, M. P.E.T. Facility Univ. of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr. Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Department of Medical Research SHFJ CEA 91401 Orsay France Division of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital AZ-VUB Laarbeeklaan 101 B-1090 Brussels Belgium

In this work, we studied the effect of attenuation correction on tumor detection in PET oncology through simulation, phantom, and patient studies. images were reconstructed from attenuated projection data with and without performing attenuation correction (AC and non-AC). The simulation and phantom studies showed that when the ratio of the activity concentration in the tumor to that in the torso background was at a critical value, the tumor was invisible in the non-AC image. Above the critical value, the tumor was visible in both AC and non-AC images, while below the critical value, the tumor appeared as a cold spot in non-AC images. Theoretical explanations of these phenomena were approached through examining the attenuated sinograms and the FBP reconstruction without AC. This work suggests that whole-body PET images should not be reconstructed without attenuation correction.

关键词： Positron emission tomography

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3D-FRP: Direct Fourier reconstruction with Fourier reprojection for fully 3D PET

3D-FRP: Direct Fourier reconstruction with Fourier reproject...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： S. Matej Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

The direct Fourier method for 3D reconstruction of a 3D volume is based on the relationship between the 3D Fourier transform of the volume and the 2D FT of a parallel-ray projection of the volume. The direct Fourier method has the potential for very fast reconstruction, but a straightforward implementation of the method leads to unsatisfactory results. This paper presents an implementation (3D-FRP) of the direct Fourier method for fully 3D PET data with incomplete oblique projections that gives results as good as (or better than) those of a much slower method (3DRP), and in the same time as a fast but less accurate method (Fourier rebinning followed by slice-by-slice reconstruction). In common with filtered backprojection (3DRP), the Fourier method (3D-FRP) is based on a discretization of an inversion formula (so it is geometrically accurate for large oblique angles), and the method involves reprojection of an initial image. The critical two steps in the method are the estimations of the samples of the 3D transform of the image from the samples of the 2D transforms of the projections on the planes through the origin of Fourier space, and vice versa for reprojection. These steps use a gridding strategy, combined with new approaches for weighting in the transform and image domains. The authors' experimental results confirm that good image accuracy can be achieved together with a short reconstruction time.

关键词： Positron emission tomography image reconstruction Fourier transforms Approximation error Design for manufacture Radiology USA Councils Single photon emission computed tomography image quality image resolution

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Bayesian super-resolved surface reconstruction from images

Bayesian super-resolved surface reconstruction from images

引用

conference on Computer vision and Pattern Recognition (CvPR)

作者： v.N. Smelyanskiy P. Cheeseman D.A. Maluf R.D. Morris NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA USA

Bayesian inference has been used successfully for many problems where the aim is to infer the parameters of a model of interest. In this paper we formulate the three dimensional reconstruction problem as the problem of inferring the parameters of a surface model from image data, and show how Bayesian methods can be used to estimate the parameters of this model given the image data. Thus we recover the three dimensional description of the scene. This approach also gives great flexibility. We can specify the geometrical properties of the model to suit our purpose, and can also use different models for how the surface reflects the light incident upon it. In common with other Bayesian inference problems, the estimation methodology requires that we can simulate the data that would have been recorded for any values of the model parameters. In this application this means that if we have image data we must be able to render the surface model. However it also means that we can infer the parameters of a model whose resolution can be chosen irrespective of the resolution of the images, and may be super-resolved. We present results of the inference of surface models from simulated aerial photographs for the case of super-resolution, where many surface elements project into a single pixel in the low-resolution images.

关键词： Bayesian methods image resolution Surface reconstruction image reconstruction Parameter estimation Computer errors Rendering (computer graphics) Solid modeling Application software Computer graphics

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Fast PET image reconstruction based on SvD decomposition of the system matrix

Fast PET image reconstruction based on SVD decomposition of ...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： v. Selivanov R. Lecomte Metabolic and Functional Imaging Center Clinical Research Centre Université Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QUE Canada

data filtering based on matrix pseudo-inverse is a well known but not yet appreciated means of tomographic image reconstruction. Matrix pseudo-inversion step is very demanding in terms of numerical precision and necessary computing power. Ill conditioning of the system matrix in positron emission tomography (PET) results in solutions highly sensitive to noise in the experimental data. In the present work, the feasibility of image reconstruction based on singular value decomposition (SvD) of the system matrix for animal 2-D PET is demonstrated. Analytic detector response accounting for the non-invariant spatial system response is explicitly included into the system matrix. Regularization of the SvD-based solution with the singular spectrum truncation (TSvD solution) derived from spatial resolution analysis is proposed. TSvD reconstruction is fast except for the matrix decomposition step, which is performed once for a given scanner geometry. Reconstructed image quality and quantitation are compared to those obtained with filtered backprojection (FBP) and iterative maximum likelihood technique. TSvD image reconstruction may be a viable alternative to FBP for routine clinical applications.

关键词： Positron emission tomography image reconstruction Matrix decomposition Filtering Singular value decomposition Animals Detectors Spatial resolution Geometry image quality

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