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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXVIII: Algorithms and Techniques"

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SENSOR FUSION OF 2-D AND 3-D DATA FOR THE PROCESSING OF IMAGES OF DENTAL IMPRINTS 12

SENSOR FUSION OF 2-D AND 3-D DATA FOR THE PROCESSING OF IMAG...

引用

12th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： METHOT, F MOKHTARI, M LAURENDEAU, D POUSSART, D UNIV LAVAL DEPT ELECT ENGNCOMP VIS & DIGITAL SYST LABQUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4QUEBECCANADA

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

This paper presents a computer vision system for the acquisition and processing of 3-D images of wax dental imprints. The ultimate goal of the system is to measure a set of 10 orthodontic parameters that will be fed to an expert system for automatic diagnosis of occlusion problems. An approach for the acquisition of range images of both sides of the imprint is presented. Range is obtained from a shape-from-absorption technique applied to a pair of grey-level images obtained at two different wavelengths. The accuracy of the range values is improved using sensor fusion between the initial range image and a reflectance image from the pair of grey-level images. The improved range image is segmented in order to find the interstices between teeth and, following further processing, the type of each tooth on the profile. Once each tooth has been identified, its accurate location on the imprint is found using a region- growing approach and its shape is reconstructed with third degree polynomial functions. The reconstructed shape will be later used by the system to find specific features that are needed to estimate the orthodontic parameters.

关键词： Image fusion Teeth Reflectivity 3D image processing Image processing 3D acquisition computer vision technology Machine vision Optical spheres Sensor fusion

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Adaptive fuzzy approach for modeling of operational space for autonomous mobile robots

Adaptive fuzzy approach for modeling of operational space fo...

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Proceedings of the 1998 conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVII: algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Musilek, Petr Gupta, Madan M. Univ of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada

robots operating in an unstructured environment need high level modeling of their operational space in order to plan a path from an initial position to a desired goal. A fuzzy approach to evaluate each unit region on a grid map by a certain value of transition cost is proposed. The method employs fuzzy granulation of information on various terrain features and their combination based on a fuzzy neural network.

关键词： Mobile robots

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Humans, animals, robots: Handling volumic data flows

Humans, animals, robots: Handling volumic data flows

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conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XVIII - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Petrov, V FHU Lab Tech Opt & Laser Technol Ulm Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819434302

Human visual system is properly suited for reliable and adequate volumic perception of natural environment. Volumic data flows coming from the outer physical space are easily acquired, transferred and processed by eye-brain system in real time. This relates also to the animals which use different complicated mechanisms of optical volumic data acquisition and can navigate safely at high speeds. Un the contrary machine vision systems utilizing currently the stereoscopic effect in attempt to achieve volumic data presentation are very slow, bulky and in a way inelegantly devised. The stereoscopy itself seems can hardly organize the adequate, real time volumic robot vision. Novel general principles of volumic vision were formulated recently by this author. They can be applied also to machines and used in the future rapidly navigating mobile robots. Volumic approach to vision seems much more logical for handling of volumic data flows. Along the lines of this approach and unified concept of volumic imaging it is quite natural to assume fine stratification in depth both for biological volumic data sensors and the necessity of fine stratification in depth for artificial ones. Volumic data sensors in robotics seem must be organized as finely stratified in depth structures. Finely stratified in depth volumic data sensor operating in real time might incorporate volumic gratings and use a special software to interpret the arriving volumic data flow. While the task is very difficult, success would permit to organize volumic robot vision in a different war and to create principally novel type of robotic system, ie, 'one-eyed robots'. Preliminary experiments were performed in this work. Complicated holographic gratings were obtained which might serve as components of a future volumic data sensor. Microphotographs of such gratings taken as horizontally stratified slices are presented.

关键词： human and animal vision volumic vision volumic imaging unified concept of volumic imaging stratified in depth spaces physical and hypothetical volumic spaces and their adequate presentation volumic robot vision robot-bio vision

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Lane identification and path planning for autonomous mobile robots

Lane identification and path planning for autonomous mobile ...

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conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIV - algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： McKeon, Robert T. Paulik, Mark Krishnan, Mohan Univ Detroit Mercy Dept Elect & Comp Engn Detroit MI 48221 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819464821

This work has been performed in conjunction with the University of Detroit Mercy's (UDM) ECE Department autonomous vehicle entry in the 2006 intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (***. The IGVC challenges engineering students to design autonomous vehicles and compete in a variety of unmanned mobility competitions. The course to be traversed in the competition consists of a lane demarcated by painted lines on grass with the possibility of one of the two lines being deliberately left out over segments of the course. The course also consists of other challenging artifacts such as sandpits, ramps, potholes, and colored tarps that alter the color composition of scenes, and obstacles set up using orange and white construction barrels. This paper describes a composite lane edge detection approach that uses three algorithms to implement noise filters enabling increased removal of noise prior to the application of image thresholding. The first algorithm uses a row-adaptive statistical filter to establish an intensity floor followed by a global threshold based on a reverse cumulative intensity histogram and a priori knowledge about lane thickness and separation. The second method first improves the contrast of the image by implementing an arithmetic combination of the blue plane (RGB format) and a modified saturation plane (HSI format). A global threshold is then applied based on the mean of the intensity image and a user-defined offset. The third method applies the horizontal component of the Sobel mask to a modified gray scale of the image, followed by a thresholding method similar to the one used in the second method. The Hough transform is applied to each of the resulting binary images to select the most probable line candidates. Finally, a heuristics-based confidence interval is determined, and the results sent on to a separate fuzzy polar-based navigation algorithm, which fuses the image data with that produced by a laser scanner (for obstacle detection).

关键词： image processing image filtering thresholding path planning autonomous navigation

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Self-localization for an Autonomous Mobile Robot Based on an Omni-directional vision System

Self-localization for an Autonomous Mobile Robot Based on an...

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conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXXI - algorithms and techniques

作者： Chiang, Shu-Yin Lin, Kuang-Yu Chia, Tsorng-Lin Ming Chuan Univ Dept Informat & Telecommun Engn Taoyuan 333 Taiwan Ming Chuan Univ Dept Comp & Commun Engn Taoyuan 333 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780819499424

In this study, we designed an autonomous mobile robot based on the rules of the Federation of International Robot-soccer Association (FIRA) RoboSot category, integrating the techniques of computer vision, real-time image processing, dynamic target tracking, wireless communication, self-localization, motion control, path planning, and control strategy to achieve the contest goal. The self-localization scheme of the mobile robot is based on the algorithms featured in the images from its omni-directional vision system. In previous works, we used the image colors of the field goals as reference points, combining either dual-circle or trilateration positioning of the reference points to achieve self-localization of the autonomous mobile robot. However, because the image of the game field is easily affected by ambient light, positioning systems exclusively based on color model algorithms cause errors. To reduce environmental effects and achieve the self-localization of the robot, the proposed algorithm is applied in assessing the corners of field lines by using an omni-directional vision system. Particularly in the mid-size league of the RobotCup soccer competition, self-localization algorithms based on extracting white lines from the soccer field have become increasingly popular. Moreover, white lines are less influenced by light than are the color model of the goals. Therefore, we propose an algorithm that transforms the omni-directional image into an unwrapped transformed image, enhancing the extraction features. The process is described as follows: First, radical scan-lines were used to process omni-directional images, reducing the computational load and improving system efficiency. The lines were radically arranged around the center of the omni-directional camera image, resulting in a shorter computational time compared with the traditional Cartesian coordinate system. However, the omni-directional image is a distorted image, which makes it difficult to recognize the

关键词： mobile robot self-localization omni-directional vision dual circle trilateration cross ratio.

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Modeling of radial asymmetry in lens distortion facilitated by modern optimization techniques

Modeling of radial asymmetry in lens distortion facilitated ...

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27th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： de Villiers, Jason P. Leuschner, F. Wilhelm Geldenhuys, Ronelle CSIR Meiring Naude Rd Pretoria South Africa Univ Pretoria Dept Elect Elect & Comp Engn Pretoria South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479327

Most current lens distortion models use only a few terms of Brown's model, which assumes that the radial distortion is dependant only on the distance from the distortion centre, and an additive tangential distortion can be used to correct lens de-centering. This paper shows that the characterization of lens distortion can be improved by over 79% compared to prevailing methods. This is achieved by using modern numerical optimization techniques such as the Leapfrog algorithm, and sensitivity-normalized parameter scaling to reliably and repeatably determine more terms for Brown's model. An additional novel feature introduced in this paper is to allow the distortion to vary not only with polar distance but with the angle too. Two models for radially asymmetrical distortion (i.e. distortion that is dependant on both polar angle and distance) are discussed, implemented and contrasted to results obtained when no asymmetry is modelled. A sample of 32 cameras exhibiting extreme barrel distortion (due to their 6.0mm focal lengths) is used to show that these new techniques can straighten lines to within 7 hundredths of a pixel RMS over the entire image.

关键词： Asymmetry numerical optimization distortion characterization real-time

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Symbolic processing methods for 3D visual processing

Symbolic processing methods for 3D visual processing

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conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XX: algorithms, techniques, and Active vision

作者： Tedder, M Hall, EL Univ Cincinnati Ctr Robot Res Cincinnati OH 45221 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081944300X

The purpose of this paper is to describe a theory that defines an open method for solving 3D visual data processing and artificial intelligence problems that is independent of hardware or software implementation. The goal of the theory is to generalize and abstract the process of 3D visual processing so that the method can be applied to a wide variety of 3D visual processing problems. Once the theory is described a heuristic derivation is given. Symbolic processing methods can be generalized into an abstract model composed of eight basic components. The symbolic processing model components are: input data;input data interface;symbolic data library;symbolic data environment space;relationship matrix;symbolic logic driver;output data interface and output data. An obstacle detection and avoidance experiment was constructed to demonstrate the symbolic processing method. The results of the robot obstacle avoidance experiment demonstrated that the mobile robot could successfully navigate the obstacle course using symbolic processing methods for the control software. The significance of the symbolic processing approach is that the method arrived at a solution by using a more formal quantifiable process. Some of the practical applications for this theory are: 3D object recognition, obstacle avoidance, and intelligent robot control.

关键词： symbolic processing computer vision laser scanning mobile robots artificial intelligence

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Radial Polar Histogram: obstacle avoidance and path planning for robotic cognition and motion control

Radial Polar Histogram: obstacle avoidance and path planning...

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conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXIX - algorithms and techniques

作者： Wang, Po-Jen Keyawa, Nicholas R. Euler, Craig Calif State Univ Northridge Northridge CA 91330 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819489487

In order to achieve highly accurate motion control and path planning for a mobile robot, an obstacle avoidance algorithm that provided a desired instantaneous turning radius and velocity was generated. This type of obstacle avoidance algorithm, which has been implemented in California State University Northridge's intelligent Ground Vehicle (IGV), is known as Radial Polar Histogram (RPH). The RPH algorithm utilizes raw data in the form of a polar histogram that is read from a Laser Range Finder (LRF) and a camera. A desired open block is determined from the raw data utilizing a navigational heading and an elliptical approximation. The left and right most radii are determined from the calculated edges of the open block and provide the range of possible radial paths the IGV can travel through. In addition, the calculated obstacle edge positions allow the IGV to recognize complex obstacle arrangements and to slow down accordingly. A radial path optimization function calculates the best radial path between the left and right most radii and is sent to motion control for speed determination. Overall, the RPH algorithm allows the IGV to autonomously travel at average speeds of 3mph while avoiding all obstacles, with a processing time of approximately 10ms.

关键词： Robotics intelligent ground vehicle cognition motion control path planning obstacle avoidance

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GPS error compensation algorithm using coordinates matching of vision system for land-vehicle navigation

GPS error compensation algorithm using coordinates matching ...

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conference on intelligent robots and computer vision XXI

作者： Park, J Mun, S Choi, S Rho, D Chonbuk Natl Univ Div Elect & Informat Engn Jeonju South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)081945155X

In recent years, the Global Positioning System (GPS) has solidified its presence as a dependable means of navigation by providing absolute positioning in various applications. While GPS alone can provide of position information, it has several weaknesses, such as low data output rate and vulnerability to external disturbances. We explore the feasibility of an integrated positioning system using a Differential GPS (DGPS) and a CCD camera vision system for the control of an automated vehicle. In this paper we propose an algorithm that translates the camera coordinates into the TM coordinates and WGS84 coordinate in the area where the GPS data are not readily available. In this proposed method, various parameters are estimated and corrected, which includes heading angle, velocity, curvature of road, and height of road surface. We also present the results which were obtained using the actual vehicle equipped with the vision system. It was shown that errors in DGPS may be corrected by effectively using the measurement from the vision system.

关键词： DGPS DR WGS84 CCD coordinate conversion vision system

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Argos: Princeton University's Entry in the 2009 intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition

Argos: Princeton University's Entry in the 2009 Intelligent ...

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27th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： Abiola, Solomon O. Baldassano, Christopher A. Franken, Gordon H. Harris, Richard J. Hendrick, Barbara A. Mayer, Jonathan R. Partridge, Brenton A. Starr, Eric W. Tait, Alexander N. Yu, Derrick D. Zhu, Tony H. Princeton Univ Sch Engn & Appl Sci Princeton NJ 08544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819479327

In this paper, we present Argos, an autonomous ground robot built for the 2009 intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC). Discussed are the significant improvements over its predecessor from the 2008 IGVC, Kratos. We continue to use stereo vision techniques to generate a cost map of the environment around the robot. Lane detection is improved through the use of color filters that are robust to changing lighting conditions. The addition of a single-axis gyroscope to the sensor suite allows accurate measurement of the robot's yaw rate and compensates for wheel slip, vastly improving state estimation. The combination of the D* Lite algorithm, which avoids unnecessary re-planning, and the Field D* algorithm, which allows us to plan much smoother paths, results in an algorithm that produces higher quality paths in the same amount of time as methods utilizing A*. The successful implementation of a crosstrack error navigation law allows the robot to follow planned paths without cutting corners, reducing the chance of collision with obstacles. A redesigned chassis with a smaller footprint and a bi-level design, combined with a more powerful drivetrain, makes Argos much more agile and maneuverable compared to its predecessor. At the 2009 IGVC, Argos placed first in the Navigation Challenge.

关键词： robotics IGVC stereo vision lane detection IPC Kalman Filter cost map path planning

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