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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XX and Atmospheric Propagation XII"

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Optical turbulence with anisotropy at different scales and its effect on laser beam propagation along vertical paths 20

Optical turbulence with anisotropy at different scales and i...

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conference on laser radar technology and applications xx and atmospheric propagation xii

作者： Toselli, Italo Korotkova, Olga Univ Miami Dept Phys Miami FL 33124 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415810

In this paper, we use a non-Kolmogorov power spectrum with an effective anisotropic parameter to include the effect of anisotropy at different scales. By using the spectrum, we theoretically analyze the effect of anisotropy on turbulence parameters such as long-term beam spread and scintillation for laser beams propagating along vertical paths. Although our results are valid only for the case of anisotropy along the direction of propagation, they are of interest for applications such as astronomy, vertical directed energy and vertical laser communications links.

关键词： Anisotropy Turbulence Scintillation Optical turbulence atmospheric propagation laser beam propagation Information technology Astronomy Fourier transforms Gaussian beams

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OEM fiber laser rangefinder for long-distance measurement 20

OEM fiber laser rangefinder for long-distance measurement

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conference on laser radar technology and applications xx;and atmospheric propagation xii

作者： Corman, Alexandre Chiquet, Frederic Avisse, Thomas Le Flohic, Marc SensUp F-35700 Rennes France Keopsys SA F-22300 Lannion France

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415810

SensUp designs and manufactures electro-optical systems based on laser technology, in particular from fiber lasers. Indeed, that kind of source enables us to get a significant peak power with huge repetition rates at the same time, thus combining some characteristics of the two main technologies on the telemetry field today: laser diodes and solid-state lasers. The OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) fiber laser RangeFinder (LRF) set out below, aims to fit the SWaP (Size Weight and Power) requirements of military markets, and might turn out to be a real alternative to other technologies usually used in range finding systems.

关键词： Fiber laser technology Fiber laser rangefinder compact fiber laser OEM rangefinder target localization target ranging long-distance measurement SWaP systems

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atmospheric aerosol and molecular backscatter imaging effects on direct detection ladar 20

Atmospheric aerosol and molecular backscatter imaging effect...

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conference on laser radar technology and applications xx;and atmospheric propagation xii

作者： Youmans, Douglas G. PARSONS Corp Billerica MA 01821 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415810

Backscatter from atmospheric aerosols and molecular nitrogen and oxygen causes "clutter" noise in direct detection ladar applications operating within the atmosphere. The backscatter clutter is more pronounced in multiple pulse, high PRF ladars where pulse-averaging is used to increase operating range. As more and more pulses are added to the wave-train the backscatter increases. We analyze the imaging of a transmitted Gaussian laser-mode multi-pulse wave-train scatteried off of aerosols and molecules at the focal plane including angular-slew rate resulting from optical tracking, angular lead-angle, and bistatic-optics spatial separation. The defocused backscatter images, from those pulses closest to the receiver, are analyzed using a simple geometrical optics approximation. Methods for estimating the aerosol number density versus altitude and the volume backscatter coefficient of the aerosols are also discussed.

关键词： Direct detection ladar aerosol backscatter molecular backscatter backscatter imaging pointing and tracking ladar multi-pulse waveforms ladar clutter lidar

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Estimation of the path-averaged atmospheric refractive index structure constant from time-lapse imagery 20

Estimation of the path-averaged atmospheric refractive index...

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conference on laser radar technology and applications xx;and atmospheric propagation xii

作者： Basu, Santasri McCrae, Jack E. Fiorino, Steven T. Air Force Inst Technol Dept Engn Phys Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Oak Ridge TN 37380 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415810

A time-lapse imaging experiment was conducted to monitor the effects of the atmosphere over some period of time. A tripod-mounted digital camera captured images of a distant building every minute. Correlation techniques were used to calculate the position shifts between the images. Two factors causing shifts between the images are: atmospheric turbulence, causing the images to move randomly and quickly, plus changes in the average refractive index gradient along the path which cause the images to move vertically, more slowly and perhaps in noticeable correlation with solar heating and other weather conditions. A technique for estimating the path-averaged C-n(2) from the random component of the image motion is presented here. The technique uses a derived set of weighting functions that depend on the size of the imaging aperture and the patch size in the image whose motion is being tracked. Since this technique is phase based, it can be applied to strong turbulence paths where traditional irradiance based techniques suffer from saturation effects.

关键词： imaging through turbulence tilt turbulence profiling atmospheric characterization time-lapse imagery

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The Effect of the Aero Optic's Additional Focal Length on the Airborne Platform laser Communication 20

The Effect of the Aero Optic's Additional Focal Length on th...

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conference on laser radar technology and applications xx and atmospheric propagation xii

作者： Hu, Yuan Gao, Tianyuan Cheng, Dewen Tong, Shoufeng Jiang, Huilin Changchun Univ Sci & Technol Natl Def Key Lab Air Ground Laser Commun Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Key Lab Photoelect Imaging Technol & Syst Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Changchun Univ Sci & Technol Coll Optoelect Engn Changchun 130022 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415810

The aero optics effects caused by high speed flight may have a serious impact on the performance of space laser communication systems. In the field of space laser communication technology engineering and its practical application, this is a research problem that is highly significant. For the complex flow field that is generated by the interaction between the aircraft surface and air, the aero optics effects are usually divided into two parts, namely, laminar flow and turbulent flow. This paper discusses the principle of how the aero optics effect causes the image of the space laser communication optical system to blur and leads to a dispersed spot. The research focuses on the additional focal length (AFL) effect caused by the laminar flow field, a simulation analysis of the relationship between the flight altitude, speed, window shape and the system performance, and provides solutions to the defocus phenomenon that has been observed in airborne tests. Finally it is hoped that the paper can provide a solution that effectively compensates for the AFL effect on laser communication optical systems, and improves the communication between aircrafts.

关键词： aero optics airborne platform space laser communication additional focal length defocus

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Agile-beam laser radar using computational imaging for robotic perception 20

Agile-beam laser radar using computational imaging for robot...

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conference on laser radar technology and applications xx and atmospheric propagation xii

作者： Powers, Michael A. Stann, Barry L. Giza, Mark M. Gen Dynam Corp Westminster MD 21157 USA US Army Res Lab Adelphi MD 20783 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415810

This paper introduces a new concept that applies computational imaging techniques to laser radar for robotic perception. We observe that nearly all contemporary laser radars for robotic (i.e., autonomous) applications use pixel basis scanning where there is a one-to-one correspondence between world coordinates and the measurements directly produced by the instrument. In such systems this is accomplished through beam scanning and/or the imaging properties of focal-plane optics. While these pixel-basis measurements yield point clouds suitable for straightforward human interpretation, the purpose of robotic perception is the extraction of meaningful features from a scene, making human interpretability and its attendant constraints mostly unnecessary. The imposing size, weight, power and cost of contemporary systems is problematic, and relief from factors that increase these metrics is important to the practicality of robotic systems. We present a system concept free from pixel basis sampling constraints that promotes efficient and adaptable sensing modes. The cornerstone of our approach is agile and arbitrary beam formation that, when combined with a generalized mathematical framework for imaging, is suited to the particular challenges and opportunities of robotic perception systems. Our hardware concept looks toward future systems with optical device technology closely resembling modern electronically-scanned-array radar that may be years away from practicality. We present the design concept and results from a prototype system constructed and tested in a laboratory environment using a combination of developed hardware and surrogate devices for beam formation. The technological status and prognosis for key components in the system is discussed.

关键词： Computational Imaging LADAR Robotic Perception Autonomous and Intelligent Systems

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Simulation of small-footprint full-waveform LiDAR propagation through a tree canopy in 3D 20

Simulation of small-footprint full-waveform LiDAR propagatio...

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conference on laser radar technology and applications xx and atmospheric propagation xii

作者： Kim, Angela M. Olsen, Richard C. Beland, Martin Naval Postgrad Sch Remote Sensing Ctr Monterey CA 93943 USA US Navy Postgrad Sch Dept Phys Monterey CA 93943 USA Univ Laval Dept Geomat Sci Quebec City PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415810

A Monte Carlo ray tracing simulation of LiDAR propagation has been expanded to 3 dimensions, and makes use of the high-fidelity tree voxel model VoxLAD for realistic simulation of a single tree canopy. The VoxLAD model uses terrestrial LiDAR scanner data to determine Leaf Area Density (LAD) measurements for small volume voxels (similar to 5 - 20 cm side length). The LAD measurement, along with material surface normal orientation information, is used within the Monte Carlo LiDAR propagation model to determine the probability of LiDAR energy being absorbed, transmitted or reflected at each voxel location, and the direction of scattering should an interaction occur. The high spatial fidelity of the VoxLAD models enables simulation of small-footprint LiDAR systems. Results are presented demonstrating incorporation of the VoxLAD model for realistic tree canopy simulation, and the the full-waveform simulation capability of the Monte Carlo LiDAR code.

关键词： LiDAR Monte Carlo ray tracing VoxLAD simulation small footprint full-waveform

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laser Safety in Design of Near-Infrared Scanning LIDARs 20

Laser Safety in Design of Near-Infrared Scanning LIDARs

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conference on laser radar technology and applications xx;and atmospheric propagation xii

作者： Zhu, X. Elgin, D. Neptec Design Grp Ltd Ottawa ON K2K 1Y5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415810

3D LIDARs (Light Detection and Ranging) with 1.5 mu m nanosecond pulse lasers have been increasingly used in different applications. The main reason for their popularity is that these LIDARs have high performance while at the same time can be made eye-safe. Because the laser hazard effect on eyes or skin at this wavelength region (>1.4 mu m) is mainly from the thermal effect accumulated from many individual pulses over a period of seconds, scanning can effectively reduce the laser beam hazard effect from the LIDARs. Neptec LIDARs have been used in docking to the International Space Station, military helicopter landing and industrial mining applications. We have incorporated the laser safety requirements in the LIDAR design and conducted laser safety analysis for different operational scenarios. While 1.5 mu m is normally said to be the eye-safe wavelength, in reality a high performance 3D LIDAR needs high pulse energy, small beam size and high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) to achieve long range, high resolution and high density images. The resulting radiant exposure of its stationary beam could be many times higher than the limit for a Class 1 laser device. Without carefully choosing laser and scanning parameters, including field-of-view, scan speed and pattern, a scanning LIDAR can't be eye-or skin-safe based only on its wavelength. This paper discusses the laser safety considerations in the design of eye-safe scanning LIDARs, including laser pulse energy, PRF, beam size and scanning parameters in two basic designs of scanning mechanisms, i.e. galvanometer based scanner and Risley prism based scanner. The laser safety is discussed in terms of device classification, nominal ocular hazard distance (NOHD) and safety glasses optical density (OD).

关键词： LIDAR laser safety optical scanning eye safe galvanometer Risley prism

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Active and passive EO sensing for the detection of humans and handheld objects 20

Active and passive EO sensing for the detection of humans an...

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conference on laser radar technology and applications xx;and atmospheric propagation xii

作者： Steinvall, Ove Larsson, Hakan Petterson, Magnus FOI Swedish Def Res Agcy S-58311 Linkoping Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415810

Some results from a low light trial in Porton Down UK are described. The purpose was to compare imaging performance for active and passive sensors in the visible, NIR, SWIR, MWIR and LWIR bands concerning detection and identification of humans carrying certain handheld objects and performing associated activities. This paper will concentrate on results from active and passive NIR and SWIR only. Both NIR and SWIR sensors provided passive imagery down to illumination levels between 1-10 lux corresponding to sunset-overcast to moonlight. The active mode gave usable imagery out to 2-3 km at much lower light levels. NIR and SWIR sensor images are compared concerning target to background contrast, cloth recognition and the detection of humans, activities and handheld objects. The target to background contrast was often somewhat better in the SWIR as compared with the NIR wavelength region. The contrast between different types of clothing was in general more discriminative in the NIR vs the SWIR. This was especially true for the active sensing modes. The recognition of large weapons could be done out to 600-1000 m range and handguns out to the 300-600 meter range. We found that activities could be detected and recognized out to 1400 m at least, but depends on the contrast between the person the background.

关键词： Range-gated imaging burst illumination laser signatures human signatures active imaging multi-spectral imaging multi-sensor imaging

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Study of a dual mode SWIR active imaging system for direct imaging and non-line of sight vision 20

Study of a dual mode SWIR active imaging system for direct i...

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conference on laser radar technology and applications xx and atmospheric propagation xii

作者： Laurenzis, Martin Christnacher, Frank Velten, Andreas French German Res Inst St Louis Adv Vis & Proc St Louis France Univ Wisconsin Lab Opt & Computat Instrumentat Madison WI USA Morgridge Inst Res Madison WI USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628415810

The application of non-line of sight vision and see around a corner has been demonstrated in the recent past on laboratory level with round trip path lengths on the scale of 1 m as well as 10 m. This method uses a computational imaging approach to analyze the scattered information of objects which are hidden from the direct sensors field of view. Recent demonstrator systems were driven at laser wavelengths (800 nm and 532 nm) which are far from the eye-safe shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelength band i.e. between 1.4 pm and 2 pm. Therefore, the application in public or inhabited areas is difficult with respect to international laser safety conventions. In the present work, the authors evaluate the application of recent eye safe laser sources and sensor devices for non-line of sight sensing and give predictions on range and resolution. Further, the realization of a dual mode concept is studied enabling both, the direct view on a scene and the indirect view on a hidden scene. While recent laser gated viewing sensors have high spatial resolution, their application in non-line of sight imaging suffer from a too low temporal resolution due to minimal sensor gate width of around 150 ns. On the other hand, Geiger-mode single photon counting devices have high temporal resolution, but their spatial resolution is (until now) limited to array sizes of some thousand sensor elements. In this publication the authors present detailed theoretical and experimental evaluations.

关键词： Non-line of sight vision laser gated viewing see around the corner

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