For multiphase flows in offshore pipelines, svere slugging could lead to serious consequences, e.g. reduction in production, damages of facilities, and pollutions to environment. In order to predict slugging behaviour...
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With increasingly popular marathon events in urban environments, such as in London and New York City, structural designers are faced with a great deal of uncertainty when assessing dynamic performance of bridges occup...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789609999427
With increasingly popular marathon events in urban environments, such as in London and New York City, structural designers are faced with a great deal of uncertainty when assessing dynamic performance of bridges occupied and dynamically excited by people running. While the dynamic loads induced by people walking have been intensively studied since the infamous lateral sway of the London Millennium Bridge in 2000, reliable and practical descriptions of running excitation are still very rare and limited. This paper makes a step forward by bringing together a unique database of individual jogging force records and their simple mathematical model which can be used in everyday design practice. The forcing data has been collected in Vibration engineering Section Laboratory in the University of Sheffield using a state-of-the-art instrumented treadmill, which is commonly used in clinical studies of human gait and sports biomechanics. The modelling strategy featuring Fourier harmonics of measured jogging force-time histories is adopted from a popular design guidelines for human walking excitation of structures. The results show a great scatter in the DLF data and no strong link with jogging footfall rate, which is the case with walking forces. This clearly suggests that traditional deterministic Fourier based approach is not the best modelling strategy for jogging loading. Uncertainty and inter-personal randomness of the force amplitudes indicate that stochastic - rather than deterministic models of jogging forces should provide more reliable predictions of the bridge dynamics. These forces could be modeled in a similar fashion as other key dynamic loading of structures characterized by great randomness and uncertainty, such as wind and earthquake.
Mobility models are used to mimic the realistic movement of entities. Mobility models for wireless networks feature different objectives and characteristics, most based on random behaviour. However, random based mobil...
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This study is a part of the on-going research at Loughborough University, UK, on finite element (FE) simulations of ultrasonically assisted turning (UAT) coupled with hot machining processes. In UAT, vibration is supe...
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This study is a part of the on-going research at Loughborough University, UK, on finite element (FE) simulations of ultrasonically assisted turning (UAT) coupled with hot machining processes. In UAT, vibration is superimposed on the cutting tool movement, resulting in several advantages of the process, especially in machining of high-strength engineering materials. Direct experimental studies of machining processes are expensive and time consuming, especially when a wide range of machining parameters affects, complex thermo-mechanical high-deformation processes in machined materials. In recent years, a use of mathematical simulations and, in particular, FE techniques has gained prominence in the research community. These techniques provide an accurate and efficient modelling paradigm for machining processes. In the present work, thermo-mechanically coupled three-dimensional FE models of conventional, ultrasonically assisted turning and a new hybrid turning technique called hot ultrasonically assisted oblique turning for a case of titanium alloy are presented. A nonlinear temperature-sensitive material behaviour is incorporated in our numerical simulations based on the results of the split-Hopkinson pressure bar tests. The simulation results obtained at different cutting conditions are compared to elucidate main deformation mechanisms responsible for the observed changes in the material responses to various cutting techniques. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the mathematicalmodelling of maintenance effects in optimal maintenance model. Motivated by the Arithmetic Reduction of Intensity model with memory (ARI), our goal is to build ...
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Sensitivity analysis is the study of changes in model behaviour brought in by changes in the model parameters. It is used in many engineering applications like design and optimization of physical systems, model simpli...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789537738228
Sensitivity analysis is the study of changes in model behaviour brought in by changes in the model parameters. It is used in many engineering applications like design and optimization of physical systems, model simplification, robust design, parameter identification, process sensitivity studies and optimal control. Unfortunately for such an important and indispensable technique, the implementation of existing methods of sensitivity analysis is often complicated and unsuitable for large-scale practical systems. There are different numerical, analytical and hybrid methods that can be used to perform sensitivity analysis for system models. The divided difference method, automatic differentiation techniques, direct differentiation and adjoint variable methods have been used by many researchers to perform sensitivity analysis [1]. Each of these methods has its own sets of advantages and disadvantages, which are important to consider for appropriate and efficient application. For sensitivity analysis of large-scale models of three-dimensional multibody systems, direct differentiation is a promising approach. Direct differentiation is portable, easy to implement, stable, produces results that are numerically exact and as a consequence it has been used extensively by many researchers [2],[3]. However, the drawback of this method is, for large systems and especially while handling a large number of parameters, direct differentiation generates a large number of sensitivity equations [1]. In this paper, we propose to use graph theory to manage the size of these equations. Linear graph theory is a mathematical tool to study system topologies and a powerful modelling tool. When combined with symbolic programming, a graph-theoretic modelling technique can be used to generate efficient multibody system simulations, Morency et. al. [4]. Carr and Savage [2] have combined the graph-theoretic modelling method with direct differentiation for efficient generation of sensitivity equation
The mechanical behaviour of skin is very important as regards dermatology, surgery and impact trauma. Engineered skin substitutes can bring significant medical benefit, in particular to patients with extensive burn wo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781845647063
The mechanical behaviour of skin is very important as regards dermatology, surgery and impact trauma. Engineered skin substitutes can bring significant medical benefit, in particular to patients with extensive burn wounds, even if current skin substitutes do not restore normal skin anatomy and its natural mechanical properties. This work considers the mechanical characterization of a particular layer of skin: dermis. Dermis can be used as a filling material and as support in different areas of reconstructive plastic surgery such as post mastectomy reconstructive surgery and abdominal surgery. The aim was to verify the influence of the decellularization treatment on its properties. The specimens were subjected to uniaxial static tests performed with Bose Electroforce (R) 3200 and experimental data were represented with engineering and real time stress-strain curves. To begin, descriptive parameters were identified for stress vs. strain curves, such as ultimate tensile strength and maximum Young's modulus, and they were subsequently compared through multivariate analysis of variance to determine the influence of specimen cut orientation and decellularization treatment duration. Dermis, that had been decellularized over 5 or 6 weeks, exhibited mechanical properties comparable with natural ones and ultimate tensile strength and maximum Young's modulus were shown to be considerably higher in real time curves than in engineering ones.
Management of patient flow, especially the flow resulting from health crises (exceptional situations) in emergency departments (ED), is one of the most important problems ED managers have to deal with. Emergency depar...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9782960053241
Management of patient flow, especially the flow resulting from health crises (exceptional situations) in emergency departments (ED), is one of the most important problems ED managers have to deal with. Emergency departments require significant human and material resources to handle this influx of patients, but these are limited and so the medical and paramedical staff are often confronted with strain situations. To deal with these situations, emergency departments have no choice but to adapt. The main purpose of this paper is to characterize these strain situations and introduce a new framework to model these situations in an emergency department (ED) in order to improve their management by the hospital system. The proposed framework integrates an ORCA (Architecture for an Optimized and Reactive Control) approach to proactively schedule (where possible) the behaviour of a hospital system and to handle strain situations reactively.
The proceedings contain 94 papers. The topics discussed include: modelling the surface roughness behaviour of an EDMed workpiece with different tool electrodes using DoE;analysis of shot boundary based on color and te...
The proceedings contain 94 papers. The topics discussed include: modelling the surface roughness behaviour of an EDMed workpiece with different tool electrodes using DoE;analysis of shot boundary based on color and texture features of frame;development of solar powered irrigation system;prototyping of a situation awareness system in the maritime surveillance;design and development of mopping robot-'HotBot';optimal performance of a nonlinear gantry crane system via priority-based fitness scheme in binary PSO algorithm;model building of thermoelectric generator exposed to dynamic transient sources;speech analysis based on image information from lip movement;hierarchical self organizing map for novelty detection using mobile robot with robust sensor;robust features of surface electromyography signal;a comparative signaling cost analysis of macro mobility scheme in NEMO (MM-NEMO) with mobility management protocol;and human classification based on gestural motions by using components of PCA.
The proceedings contain 24 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Biofluid Mechanics, Experimental and Computational Analysis, Cardiovascular System, Biomechanics, Orthopaedics and Bone Mechanics and Image...
ISBN:
(纸本)9781845647063
The proceedings contain 24 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Biofluid Mechanics, Experimental and Computational Analysis, Cardiovascular System, Biomechanics, Orthopaedics and Bone Mechanics and Image Processing. The topics include: Arterial pulse waves measured with EMFi and PPG sensors and comparison of the pulse waveform spectral and decomposition analysis in healthy young and elderly subjects;transport by pulsatile flow in a branching network of cerebral vasculature;experimental analysis of particles flow inside the Volumatic® spacer;hemodynamics of human placenta;modelling of blood coagulation in cerebral aneurysms;numerical simulation of electromechanical activity of the gastric smooth muscle;dual reciprocity boundary element modeling of collimated light fluence distribution in normal and cancerous prostate tissue during photodynamic therapy;psychophysiological determinants of drivers' condition;investigating implantable glucose biosensors pitfalls;information security of healthcare systems;computational technologies in tissue engineering;indexes derived from non-linear ESPVR for evaluation of ventricular performance;efficient measurements of the diameter of the human artery using super-resolution imaging technique based on multi-scale wavelet analysis;local sensitivity analysis of cardiovascular system parameters;particle motion in coronary serial stenoses;dermis mechanical behaviour;simulation of microcrack growth and repair in living bone;development of a novel platform for quantifying age-related sensori-motor degradation to control age-related falls;efficiency of different control strategies in a force-feedback gripper;effect of different conservation methods on some mechanical properties of swine bone;intelligent corset;investigation of image segmentation methods for intracranial aneurysm haemodynamic research and generation and applications of CT images of the ideal standing position for total knee arthroplasty surgery.
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