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IEEE conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems

作者： C. Sun J.E. Bronlund L. Huang W.L. Xu School of Engineering and Advanced Technology Massey University Auckland New Zealand School of Engineering Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand

A chewing machine is developed to simulate human chewing behaviour in terms of kinematics and force application on food. This research aims at implementing adaptive fuzzy control on the chewing machine so it is able to chew different foods accordingly like a real human. Dynamics of the chewing machine has been analysed. A MATLAB Simulink model including double close loop velocity control system, adaptive fuzzy control system and the chewing machine is created. A marshmallow model simulating force-deformation relationship is developed and integrated into the control system to validate the adaptive fuzzy control. After applying the adaptive fuzzy control, the results show that the chewing machine can chew foods differently based on the texture of foods.

关键词： Force Couplings mathematical model Fuzzy control Springs Adaptation models Equations

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A Cognitive Model to Mimic an Aspect of Low Level Perception of Sound: modelling Reverberation Perception by Statistical Signal Analysis

A Cognitive Model to Mimic an Aspect of Low Level Perception...

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International conference on Innovations in Bio-inspired Computing and Applications (IBICA)

作者： Francis F. Li Acoustics Research Centre School of Computing Science and Engineering University of Salford Salford Greater Manchester UK

Sound reproduced and perceived in different environments, or transmitted via diverse transmission channels shows distinctive acoustic characteristics, sometimes quoted simply as acoustics. Acoustics of an auditorium can be described by the transfer function from the source to the receiver, or the impulse response in the time domain, which can be measured by instrumentation using a number of methods. On the other hand human listeners, especially trained musicians, sound engineers and acousticians can accurately differentiate acoustics of auditoria by listening to the sound effects, indicating acoustics can be viewed as a lowlevel human perception of sounds. This paper presents a computing model and algorithms to mimic human perception of reverberation, arguably a most significant aspect of acoustic perception. This is done by statistical signal analysis using maximum likelihood estimation with a purposely chosen energy decay model.

关键词： Reverberation Speech Psychoacoustic models humans Computational modeling mathematical model

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The formulation of a non-linear hertzian model in order to assess the mechanical strength of human cells based on data from an atomic force microscope

The formulation of a non-linear hertzian model in order to a...

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IEEE International conference on Image Processing

作者： D. R. Burton M. F. Murphy F. Lilley M. A. Gdeisat General Engineering Research Institute Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK

There has recently been a significant growth in interest in determining the mechanical properties of living human cells. Much of this work has centred around the application of the Hertz Contact Stress model to force/displacement curves that are obtained from atomic force microscopy. However, it is widely recognised that the conventional Hertzian approach, that is based upon a linear elastic model for the stress strain relationship of the material, is inadequate for accurately modelling and describing the behaviour of living cells under load. This paper presents a new non-linear extension of the Hertzian model and shows results that provide excellent agreement with experimentally obtained force/displacement data from a range of different cell types. Furthermore the paper goes on to show the way in which the model can be used as a tool to distinguish between different populations of cells of different types, morphologies, or pathological status.

关键词： Force Data models Materials Atomic force microscopy Atomic measurements humans

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A Distributed Algorithm for Dynamic Spectrum Access Using Primary-Prioritised Markov Model

A Distributed Algorithm for Dynamic Spectrum Access Using Pr...

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International conference on Process Automation, Control and Computing (PACC)

作者： R. Surendran K. Muthumeenakshi S. Radha Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SSN College of Engineering Chennai India

The wireless network medium has a large, but finite bandwidth. With increasing wireless network service providers, users, and applications, there is a need to optimise usage of even parts of the spectrum that are licensed. Dynamic spectrum access is an approach that is designed to enable unlicensed users to make use of licensed parts of the spectrum, opportunistically, when they are idle. To achieve this, user-behaviour modelling, spectrum access algorithms and Cognitive Radio (CR) technology will have to be made use of. In this paper, we propose a distributed dynamic spectrum access algorithm based on the primary-prioritised Continuous-Time Markov Chain (CTMC) model of interaction between primary and secondary users. A distributed dynamic spectrum access scheme requires that each secondary user be aware of the statistics - arrival and service rates - of the other secondary users, so as to be able to optimise throughput while maintaining fairness. We formulate heuristics that make use of the estimated stationary idle-probability of the spectrum and the interference which each user experiences, to iteratively update user statistics estimates. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm attains an overall throughput that is better than the persistent form of CSMA when the primary user spectrum utilisation is typical (about 45%).

关键词： Throughput Markov processes Interference Multiaccess communication Heuristic algorithms Probability mathematical model

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Curriculum as an event hierarchy model

Curriculum as an event hierarchy model

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International conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA)

作者： J. Lang V. Krajčovič Institute of Informatics and Software Engineering Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies Slovak University of Technology Bratislava Slovakia

Activity plays an important role in human life. Psychology as scientific discipline knows several categories of activities, motivations to activity, their characteristics etc. A significant group of these activities expects some cognitions, knowledge and skills. We identify particular relations, arrangement respectively event hierarchy, which is represented by expression of requested knowledge. Existing knowledge is not sufficient for execution certain activities. Therefore it is necessary to interact with the new content - holder of such knowledge. This paper provides an alternative way of identifying of content curriculum by analogy to the technology of Complex Event Processing and Event Driven Architecture. Identified content is a key in relation to national-education program creating as well as school-education program. Proposed method is implemented by modelling tool EDUMO.

关键词： mathematical model Education Collaboration Least squares approximation Computer architecture Business Computer languages

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Guidance of a small-scale overactuated marine platform — Experimental results

Guidance of a small-scale overactuated marine platform — Ex...

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Proceedings of the International Convention MIPRO

作者： Nikola Mišković Zoran Triska Đula Nađ Zoran Vukić Laboratory for Underwater Systems and Technologies Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

This paper presents the continuation of a project first presented at MIPRO'10 conference. The project includes a small-scale marine platform (PlaDyPos) developed at the Laboratory for Underwater Systems and Technologies (LABUST), University of Zagreb which is used for testing control and guidance algorithms for marine vehicles. The paper focuses on the analysis of experimental results obtained on a real overactuated platform. The experiments have exhibited satisfactory behaviour. The proposed guidance algorithm consists of a line following controller decoupled from heading control, enabling motion in arbitrary directions while keeping a predefined orientation. The greatest contribution of the paper is in providing the proof-of-concept of the proposed guidance algorithms. Other experiments performed on the laboratory platform are available online. The following steps of research include collaborative behaviour between the platform and human divers.

关键词： mathematical model Laboratories Algorithm design and analysis Dynamics Vehicle dynamics Switches Actuators

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Market modelling in Access Networks: an approach combining dynamic systems and Game Theory

Market Modelling in Access Networks: an approach combining d...

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10th conference of Telecommunication, Media and Internet Techno-Economics (CTTE)

作者： A. Manuel de Oliveira Duarte Hugo Silveirinha Felix Alexander N. Marques David C. Carrilho Sara C. R. Coelho

This paper presents an approach to the techno-economic evaluation of access networks where market behaviour and competition effects are modelled resorting to system dynamics and game theory reasoning. This approach differs from what is conventionally done in the following aspects: (i) The presence of an operator in a market, which is usually modelled by some kind of logistic curve with initial and final penetration rates, now takes into consideration the presence of other operators in a dynamic fashion, influenced by a quality function where parameters such as bandwidth, offered services, tariffs and contention ratios are involved; (ii) competing operators are evaluated not only in terms of market shares but also in terms of economic results. In order to validate the presented ideas, the approach is applied to a situation representative of an urban area where two operators compete with FTTx technologies. The results illustrate the potential of the combined system dynamics and game theory approach. In addition to its value as a methodology to study real world situations, the present approach has also been used as a valuable pedagogic tool simulating a business environment in telecommunications engineering capstone project classes; allowing activities such as the following: (i) Market gaming around a set of business cases where students are organized in teams playing different engineering professional roles (role playing); (ii) Linking the outcome of market gaming and associated business cases with syllabus topics and with practical issues, resorting to engineering decisions that have to prepared based on technology choices, network design, market simulation and economic-financial analysis. This pedagogic value has already been recognized by the award of a prestigious international prize: "HP Innovations on Education Grant".

关键词： mathematical model Equations Telecommunications Nash equilibrium Bandwidth Economics

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Design of Natural Hydroxyapatite as bio‐composite ceramics (HAP): Experimental and Numerical Study

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AIP conference Proceedings 2011年第1期1315卷 235-240页

作者： Z. Belghazi D. Katundi F. Ayari E. Bayraktar aSupmeca/LISMMA‐Paris School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering France bLaboratory of Mechanics College of Science & Technology 1008 Montfleury Tunis Tunisia

Hydroxyapatite (HAP—Ca10(PO4)6 (OH)2), which exhibits excellent biocompatibility in the body, is one of the most widely used bioactive ceramics for biomedical applications. Along with the ability to carry the load, one of the most important properties of materials used for bone replacement is biocompatibility. In fact, HAP is a bioactive material and it can incorporate into bone structures, supporting bone in‐growth without breaking down or dissolving, and it interacts with the living tissue due to the presence of free calcium and phosphate compounds. Generally, Al2O3 powder is added to HAP powder in order to obtain high fracture toughness. Al2O3 has good mechanical properties as compared with HAP, and exhibits extremely high stability with human tissues [1–6]. In this paper, the effect of microwave sintering temperature on the relative density, hardness, and phase purity of compacted bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA) powder was reported. This research is a comprehensive attempt to develop Hydroxyapatite bio composite ceramics reinforced with alumina—Al2O3, pure titanium and pure pulverised boron powder. A Finite Element (FEM) analysis is also used for modelling to simulate the macroscopic behaviour of this material, taking into account the relevant microscopic scales.

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Time course of etCO2 response to alterations in respiration rate predicted by a mathematical model of human gas exchange

Time course of etCO2 response to alterations in respiration ...

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2011 4th International conference on Biomedical engineering and Informatics(第四届生物医学工程与信息学国际会议 BMEI 2011)

作者： Joern Kretschmer Knut Moeller Institute for Technical Medicine (ITeM) Furtwangen University Villingen-Schwenningen Germany

A mathematical model of gas exchange is proposed to predict time course of end-tidal CO2 (etCO2) response to alterations in ventilation frequency. The model has been fit to experimental data of patients undergoing general anesthesia. The gas exchange model proposed by Chiari et al. has been extended by a variable dead space compartment (VD) to reduce differences in response amplitude. The dead space compartment represents the component of tidal volume that does not participate in gas exchange and changes size depending on ventilation frequency. Additionally, time course of CO2 response in the model has been fit to the measured data. Parameter identification has been conducted in three steps. First, metabolic production of CO2 has been determined to have the model reproduce the correct etCO2 at 12 breaths per minute and a dead space of 150ml. Then, parameters describing a hyperbolic dead space function have been identified so that etCO2 results of the model are close to the measured data. Finally, reaction time of the model was fit employing individual VD steps, so that the model shows the same time course to reach a new CO2 equilibrium as measured in the patients. Results show that employing a hyperbolic VD function leads to a good match of the measured etCO2 equilibrium levels. The model itself is not able to reproduce the same reaction time as measured in the patient, but when applying a multiplication factor to speed gas equilibrium, it is possible to match model time course with measured data.

关键词： Gas exchange mathematical modelling respiration frequency alteration medical decision support

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A motion simulation and biomechanical analysis of the shoulder joint using a whole human model

A motion simulation and biomechanical analysis of the should...

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2011 4th International conference on Biomedical engineering and Informatics(第四届生物医学工程与信息学国际会议 BMEI 2011)

作者： Weijie Wang Rami Abboud Suddhajit Sen Baikun Wan Dong Ming Qiyong Gong Yi Liao Institute Motion Analysis & Research University of Dundee Dundee United Kingdom Dept Biomedical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China Dept Radiology West China Hosp Sichuan University Chengdu China

The analysis of movements and forces of human or animal subjects is useful in both the real and virtual worlds. We proposed the design of a computer model which simulates the movements at the shoulder joint for a specific subject and analyses the threedimensional forces and torques produced at that joint during movement. The model was constructed using the mathematical dynamic modelling software (Madymo?). Anthropometric data were collected from a healthy volunteer in the form of weight, height, limb lengths, and the centre of mass deduced. A group of reflective markers were attached to specific areas on the subject's body while he performed a group of precise movements, i.e. flexion/extension, adduction/abduction and rotation all at the shoulder. The marker data were collected using a motion capturing system. Shoulder joint angles were obtained using the inhouse designed software, and then input into the computer model to simulate the subject's movements allowing analysis of the forces and torques. Results showed that the model successfully simulated the movements and predicted shoulder joint force and torque during movements, corroborating with the theory of biomechanics. Preliminary results are encouraging. Currently, the focus is on extending the application into the clinical practice, sports exercise and behavioural animation environments.

关键词： motion simulation motion control motion capture and retargeting biomechanics medical simulation

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