The Safe following distance is closely associated with vehicle braking process. The braking process consists of three stages. The key problem in this research area is to quantitatively describe each stage. In this pap...
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The Safe following distance is closely associated with vehicle braking process. The braking process consists of three stages. The key problem in this research area is to quantitatively describe each stage. In this paper a framework is presented to model the safe following distance by analyzing the braking process. In this framework we focus on the third braking stage, continuous braking stage, where the random braking phase is complex and difficult to be quantitatively analyzed. Based on analyzing the following drivers' expectation in the car-following regime in details, we introduce the Hermit interpolation algorithm to understand the field car-following situation. The algorithm can deal with the kinematics information in the random braking phase. By using simulation, we have demonstrated that the modelling framework is practical, effective, more realistic than the former models, as well as avoids the rear-end collision to some extent. Meanwhile the proposed methodology can be used to identify the car-following driver behaviour characteristics and measure the safe distance in car-following regime.
In some cable structures,relaxation phenomena can occur under dynamical *** modelling of these cable structures,the behaviour of unilateral constraints must be *** consideration of non-smooth behaviour for cable struc...
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In some cable structures,relaxation phenomena can occur under dynamical *** modelling of these cable structures,the behaviour of unilateral constraints must be *** consideration of non-smooth behaviour for cable structures may date back to the *** *** dealt with the inelastic, unilateral stress analysis of cable structures undergoing large *** work established the mathematical base for modeling and algorithms describing *** on the above,analysis of cable-structures may be included in complementarity problems,although at that time the study was concentrated on static or quasi-static problems.
One of the most important issues in electrical modeling of physiological system is to find an effective way of making the most accurate equivalent electrical circuit. For this reason, in this research a new way of cal...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424471966;9780769540627
One of the most important issues in electrical modeling of physiological system is to find an effective way of making the most accurate equivalent electrical circuit. For this reason, in this research a new way of calculation of equivalent resistance of any type of vessels in biological systems has been proposed. The research presented in this paper is part of an ongoing effort to utilize mathematical models in the investigation of electrical model based estimation of any biological systems. To achieve this objective, accurate estimation of flow pathways in human's body we chose to model the entire hemodynamic system by equivalent electrical elements (RLC) which captures the physical properties of a segment of the biological system. For now, this study is focused on how to calculate the electrical resistance. Thus, the accuracy of electrical based models has been increased such that for any part with its individual configurations, an appropriate model has been considered. In this way the ability of modeling of different biological systems with different geometries and configurations has been improved.
Recent research in video surveillance system has shown an increasing focus on creating reliable systems utilizing non-computationally expensive technique for observing humans' appearance, movements and activities,...
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Recent research in video surveillance system has shown an increasing focus on creating reliable systems utilizing non-computationally expensive technique for observing humans' appearance, movements and activities, thus providing analytical information for advanced humanbehaviour analysis and realistic humanmodelling. In order for the system to function, it requires robust method for detecting human form from a given input of video streams. In this paper, we present a human detection technique suitable for video surveillance. The technique we propose includes background subtraction, foreground segmentation, and shadow removal. The proposed detection technique will first try to extract all foreground objects from the background and then moving shadows will be eliminated by a shadow detection algorithm. Finally, we perform a morphological reconstruction algorithm to recover the distorted foreground objects after shadow removal process. We define certain features that describe human and match them with the final objects obtained from earlier processing. The experimental result proves its validity and accuracy in various fixed outdoor and indoor video scenes.
A phenomenological model of muscle energy expenditure developed in part I of the paper, is utilized as a physiological cost function to estimate the muscle forces during normal locomotion. The model takes into account...
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A phenomenological model of muscle energy expenditure developed in part I of the paper, is utilized as a physiological cost function to estimate the muscle forces during normal locomotion. The model takes into account muscular behaviors typically observed during human gait, such as submaximal activation, variable muscular contraction conditions and muscular fiber type. The solution of the indeterminate biomechanical problem is obtained by integrating multibody dynamics and the global static optimization technique that considers the whole motion. The results for an application case indicate the important role of muscle groups in coordinating multijoint motion with the objective of minimizing metabolic costs of transport during locomotion.
Electrical defibrillation by application of a strong shock to the heart is the only effective treatment against lethal cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. A large body of experimental and computation...
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Electrical defibrillation by application of a strong shock to the heart is the only effective treatment against lethal cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. A large body of experimental and computational research has been devoted to understanding shock-induced effects on the heart in an attempt to improve defibrillation efficacy. However, most of the research has been performed in small animal hearts, and in particular rabbits. The difference in size between rabbits and humans might limit the extrapolation of the results to the clinical setting. In this paper, we present, for the first time, computer simulations of shock-induced effects on a human ventricular model with realistic ion channel dynamics and fibre architecture. Bidomain simulations using the human ventricular model were performed using the Chaste open source simulation package. The parallel performance of the software package was highly improved in order to meet the computational requirements of these kind of studies.
The Delfi-n3Xt nanosatellite is the second Dutch university satellite currently being developed at the Delft University of Technology. In its design, the Attitude Determination System (ADS) will be pivotal for optimal...
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The Delfi-n3Xt nanosatellite is the second Dutch university satellite currently being developed at the Delft University of Technology. In its design, the Attitude Determination System (ADS) will be pivotal for optimal power point tracking to adequately provide the energy needed for normal operation and charging of the batteries. In this paper we explore a fault detection mechanism for the ADS based on the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) state estimator which has been successfully integrated into the simulation and modelling environment. The UKF provides a more computationally efficient estimator than traditional Kalman filter variants. Faults introduced in the system include changes in the noise model and stuck-at-0 faults, resulting in disturbances in the output of the filter. Parameters of the filter are varied and the behaviour of the outcoming residuals is analyzed to evaluate its effectiveness in the detection of these errors.
This document presents the analysis of second order moments of a Multi-Cluster Gaussian Scatterer Distribution channel model. This analysis involves the evaluation of the marginal probability density functions for bot...
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This document presents the analysis of second order moments of a Multi-Cluster Gaussian Scatterer Distribution channel model. This analysis involves the evaluation of the marginal probability density functions for both the Angle of Arrival and Time of Arrival of scattered signals. Using evaluation and computer simulation it is shown that adequate modelling of a multi-cluster environment is necessary in order to assess the advantages of using multi-antenna technologies. The Angle Spread is used as a second order moment statistic to determine the channel behaviour in relation with model variations. Closed form expressions both original and from other works are used to model the channel.
This paper deals with a very important issue in any knowledge engineering discipline: the accurate representation and modelling of real life data and its processing by human experts. The work is applied to the GRiST M...
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This paper deals with a very important issue in any knowledge engineering discipline: the accurate representation and modelling of real life data and its processing by human experts. The work is applied to the GRiST Mental Health Risk Screening Tool for assessing risks associated with mental-health problems. The complexity of risk data and the wide variations in clinicians' expert opinions make it difficult to elicit representations of uncertainty that are an accurate and meaningful consensus. It requires integrating each expert's estimation of a continuous distribution of uncertainty across a range of values. This paper describes an algorithm that generates a consensual distribution at the same time as measuring the consistency of inputs. Hence it provides a measure of the confidence in the particular data item's risk contribution at the input stage and can help give an indication of the quality of subsequent risk predictions.
In this paper, three different muscle models have been investigated. The first model named Ferrarin's muscle model is a transfer function between electrical stimulation and the resultant knee torque. The other two...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424466146;9780769540160
In this paper, three different muscle models have been investigated. The first model named Ferrarin's muscle model is a transfer function between electrical stimulation and the resultant knee torque. The other two muscles, are physiologically based models (Riener's muscle model and Virtual Muscle). Riener's muscle is modelled in this paper by using Matlab/Simulink, while Virtual Muscle model has been built using Virtual Muscle software (Virtual Muscle 4.0.1), which can be downloaded from the internet. A quadriceps is modelled using each of the three models. The three models are tested in terms of their responses to activation and then they are implemented in a control strategy which aims to control the knee trajectory in a free swinging leg. The merits and demerits of each muscle model have been discussed and evaluated according to its performance during control.
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