The Czech Republic represents one of the European transit countries for distribution of natural gas in east-west directions. The aim of our contribution is to provide the mathematical model of actual natural gas compr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780415447867
The Czech Republic represents one of the European transit countries for distribution of natural gas in east-west directions. The aim of our contribution is to provide the mathematical model of actual natural gas compression station which is situated in the Czech Republic and its surrounding gas pipeline network with assuming of performance changes of the amount of transported natural gas. The assumed performance changes are based on consumer wishes which are changing during time and are provided and supervised by a human dispatcher. We describe a multi-state Markov model in continuous time of our problem. The model parameters are based on historical data, on the list of rules of possible human dispatcher performance changes behaviour and also on expert information from the gas network industry. An effect of change of the hardware configuration of the system by a human dispatcher and its corresponding change of the system availability will be presented and discussed as well.
The paper deals with the pilot project of modelling the drop of the head with a helmet when the ANSYS LS DYNA programme is used. The goal of the project is to get details about the contact forces or stresses between t...
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A liquid sloshing absorber consists of a container, partially filled with liquid. The absorber is attached to the structure to be controlled, and relies on the structure's motion to excite the liquid. Consequently...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781864998948
A liquid sloshing absorber consists of a container, partially filled with liquid. The absorber is attached to the structure to be controlled, and relies on the structure's motion to excite the liquid. Consequently, a sloshing wave is produced at the liquid free surface within the absorber, possessing energy dissipative qualities. The behaviour of liquid sloshing absorbers has been well documented, although their use in structural control applications has attracted considerably less attention. Generally it is accepted that sloshing absorbers with lower liquid levels are more effective energy dissipaters than those with higher levels, although there has not yet been a study to reveal an 'optimum' design mechanism. The main limitation of numerically modelling such circumstances is the inherent complexity in the free surface behaviour, predictions of which are limited when using grid-based modelling techniques. Considering such limitations, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is used in this study to model a 2-dimensional rectangular liquid sloshing absorber. SPH is a Lagrangian method of solving the equations of fluid flow that is suitable to model liquid sloshing due its grid-free nature, and inherent ability to model complex free surface behaviour. The primary objective of this paper is to numerically demonstrate the effect of tuning a container's width, to complement previous work [6] on the effect of liquid depth. This study is in an attempt to reveal geometry that enables both effective energy transfer to sloshing liquid and to dissipate this energy quickly.
A finite element model of laser welded connections was developed in this paper for the analysis of structural behaviour of built-up cold-formed steel members. The implemented FE model uses unidirectional elements with...
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A sloshing absorber consists of a tank, partially filled with liquid. The absorber is attached to the structure to be controlled, and relies on the structure's motion to excite the liquid. Consequently, a sloshing...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781864998948
A sloshing absorber consists of a tank, partially filled with liquid. The absorber is attached to the structure to be controlled, and relies on the structure's motion to excite the liquid. Consequently, a sloshing wave is produced at the liquid free surface possessing energy dissipative qualities. The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of employing liquid sloshing as a structural control mechanism. To this end, simple experimental observations are presented first. Then, numerical predictions obtained using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) are compared with experimental observations. This comparison has been done to prove the modelling technique's ability to approximate the behavioural characteristics of such flows accurately.
The suspension of a road vehicle is a non-linear system that poses significant challenges to the designer. One particular area of road vehicle suspension analysis which has taken on a greater significance in recent ye...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788791606144
The suspension of a road vehicle is a non-linear system that poses significant challenges to the designer. One particular area of road vehicle suspension analysis which has taken on a greater significance in recent years is the reduction of noise and vibration transmitted through the suspension into the vehicle. In designing a suspension, the interaction of each of the components with the vehicle must be understood together with both individual and system characteristics. While gross simplifications can be made to provide rough estimates of the system behaviour, only a complete analysis of individual components and then assembly into a system model can provide a proper understanding of the implications of design changes for stability and vibration isolation. This paper will present work recently started on the simulation of vehicle suspension systems. Preliminary testing was carried out on a purpose built quarter-car laboratory suspension rig. Results will be presented which compare the operational response of the system to the computer simulation response. The use of operational modal analysis on suspension systems will also be examined with the goal of using results from testing to further the development of the suspension mathematical model.
Enantioselective and racemic hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate on solid Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was investigated under conventional and microwave heating. Experiments were carried out in single-mode microwave loop reactor, eq...
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Objective: This research is designed to present a methodological approach for problems encountered with cockpit's perspective to collaborate decision making in order to support the Air Transport Management (ATM) w...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780976348634
Objective: This research is designed to present a methodological approach for problems encountered with cockpit's perspective to collaborate decision making in order to support the Air Transport Management (ATM) with simulation software development and system behaviour simulation. Background: Collaborative decision making (CDM) is a means to challenge punctuality and reliability issues at congested airports in order to raise operational capacity at the airport and air space structure not by sophisticated optimization algorithms rather than just information sharing and common situational awareness. Initial concepts of CDM emphasises the importance of global collaboration among interactions between airport operators, air traffic control (ATC), airlines, ground handling service providers and the central flow management unit (CFMU). From cockpit's perspective, CDM should be considered as a means to allow participating of flight crew in air-traffic decision making that affects them. This applies to all decisions ranging from operational to safety issues during all phases of flight/ground operation. From cockpit's perspective, two main issues should be addressed: How can information sharing/common situational awareness between flight crews and ground parties be accomplished in order to achieve a high level of accuracy and predictability during flight/ground operation. Is it possible to improve operation by cooperation of all parties involved. Method: This approach is based upon mathematical tools like pretopological and decision making concepts. Negotiation Analysis approaches decision making in order to identify prescriptive, normative and descriptive decision concepts. Distinctions are made among the prototypical and unitary perspective of an individual decision maker (pilot), and the dynamics between multiple decision entities (airline operator, ATC...). In complex systems decision entities can also have a different structure. Pretopological concepts are used to identi
Wear behaviour of the cross sectional area of human enamel at a micrometer scale was studied with a nanoindenter transducer mounted on an AFM stage. Wear was applied by scanning a diamond indenter tip over a certain a...
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Wear behaviour of the cross sectional area of human enamel at a micrometer scale was studied with a nanoindenter transducer mounted on an AFM stage. Wear was applied by scanning a diamond indenter tip over a certain area with a load higher than typical for surface imaging. A conical tip with a radius of ∼ 400 nm was used. Single lines of linearly incremented load were also scratched. The rounded tip mainly compresses the near surface material, and under certain conditions, fractures and removes material from the sample. A threshold load of 400 μN for removing material was determined after scanning the sample with 50, 100 and 200 μN without observing any spalled material, but deformed areas. The area of the worn surfaces was 2 × 2 μm2 since otherwise the tip crossed more than one mineral rod. Crossing a rod leads to a different condition under the tip due to the change in fibril orientation between the rods. For the 'rounded' tip the abrasion rate was larger under atmospheric conditions compared to the immersed in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), when depth profiles were measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging. However, similar results for both conditions were obtained when analysing the displacement data got from the transducer.
This paper describes the transient thermal modelling of an electrical conductor used in the automobile electrical harnesses. This study includes 4 principal parts: Initially, a geometrical subdivision of the cable bas...
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This paper describes the transient thermal modelling of an electrical conductor used in the automobile electrical harnesses. This study includes 4 principal parts: Initially, a geometrical subdivision of the cable based on the mesh network method is described. Then, a detailed study of the heat transfers is made, particularly the internal convection and the radiation leading to the thermal modelling of a conductor. The implicit method of Crank-Nicolson then permits to numerically solve the obtained matrix system in order to predict the thermal behaviour of a wire. Finally, the mathematical model was validated by several experiments on samples of cables fitted with local thermocouples and electrical measures. The model could also be extended to high power applications, in particular the power cables used in electric vehicles.
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