Industrial design engineering students often have problems in establishing theoretical models to predict product behaviour. The problem is not to solve mathematical equations, but to translate real life behaviour into...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9780955394218
Industrial design engineering students often have problems in establishing theoretical models to predict product behaviour. The problem is not to solve mathematical equations, but to translate real life behaviour into mathematical equations. Current engineering education is strongly focused on mechanics rather than electronics, despite the fact that industrial design engineering is multidisciplinary. Therefore, it has been decided to teach system dynamics as a modelling tool for engineering design problems. All mechanical, thermal, hydraulic and electric problems can be seen as an electric circuit. Several graduation students have been encouraged to use this analogy approach to system dynamics. After a crash course in heat transfer, students were able to use analytical models to enhance their design. The analogy as applied in system dynamics is a useful tool for students to model heat transfer problems with only basic knowledge of heat transfer. However, the students did not have sufficient knowledge to understand the basics of the numerical computer model to assess the reliability of the numerical calculations. Still, they were very surprised when experimental results corresponded to their theoretical simulations. It motivated them and helped them to recognize modelling as a design tool.
Mimicking human arm motion has become a challenging topic for the researchers among the field of human rehabilitation, motor control and perception, biomechanics, and several other related research topics. Considering...
详细信息
In this study we evaluated the length and volume inconsistencies that occur when applying simple motion functions onto surface models of swimming fish and human, respectively. The larger the size (diameter and length)...
详细信息
In this study we evaluated the length and volume inconsistencies that occur when applying simple motion functions onto surface models of swimming fish and human, respectively. The larger the size (diameter and length) of the body, the larger are these inconsistencies. To eliminate these errors, different surface correction algorithms are introduced. Additional terms are implemented to overcome structural insufficiencies through over-stretching and overlapping in sensible body parts. For human undulatory swimming these models combine the motion of rigid extremities with the smooth surface bending at joints. The advantages of this hybrid model can be crucial for Computational Fluid Dynamics, where deviation from natural behaviour results in unrealistic surface pressures and artificial vortex structures. The structural improvements are also promising for computational graphic programming, where skin-like stretching surfaces mediate a natural impression. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Stress-strain data obtained from animal and human tissue have several applications including medical diagnosis, assisting in surgical instrument design and the production of realistic computer-based simulators for tra...
详细信息
Stress-strain data obtained from animal and human tissue have several applications including medical diagnosis, assisting in surgical instrument design and the production of realistic computer-based simulators for training in minimal access surgery. Such data may also be useful for corroborating mathematical models of tissue response. This paper presents data obtained from ex-vivo and in-vivo tissue indentation tests using a small indentor that is similar to instruments used in minimal access surgery. In addition, uniform stress tests provide basic material property data, via an exponential stress-strain law, to allow a finite element method to be used to predict the response for the non-uniform stresses produced by the small indentor. Data are obtained from harvested pig liver and spleen using a static compliance probe. Data for human liver are obtained from volunteer patients, undergoing minor open surgery, using a sterile hand-held compliance probe. All the results demonstrate highly non-linear stress-strain behaviour. Pig spleen is shown to be much more compliant than pig liver with mean elastic moduli of 0.11 and 4.0 MPa respectively. The right lobe of human liver had a mean elastic modulus of about 0.27 MPa. However, a single case of a diseased liver had a mean modulus of 0.74 MPa - nearly three times the stiffness. It was found that an exponential stress-strain law could accurately fit uniform stress test data and that subsequent finite element modelling for non-uniform stress around a small indentor matched measured force characteristics. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
This article is aimed at introducing the theory of reference frames in mathematical psychology to the control theory community and to point out its relevance in understanding the differences between biological and eng...
详细信息
This article is aimed at introducing the theory of reference frames in mathematical psychology to the control theory community and to point out its relevance in understanding the differences between biological and engineering control systems. As an example, we discuss the problem of human posture control and point out how the reference frames theory lead to a natural solution which is in agreement with everyday observations on how a child learns to do posture control. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Motivated by the increasing number of COVID-19 cases that have been observed in many countries after the vaccination campaign and relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), we propose a network model for t...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9783907144077
ISBN:
(纸本)9783907144077
Motivated by the increasing number of COVID-19 cases that have been observed in many countries after the vaccination campaign and relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), we propose a network model for the spread of recurrent epidemic diseases in a partially vaccinated population. The model encapsulates several realistic features, such as different vaccine efficacy against transmission and development of severe symptoms, testing practices, implementation of NPIs, isolation of detected individuals, and humanbehaviour. Using a mean-field approach, we analytically derive the epidemic threshold of the model and, if the system is below such a threshold, we compute the epidemic prevalence at the endemic equilibrium. These theoretical results show that precautions humanbehaviour and effective testing practices are key towards avoiding epidemic outbreaks. Interestingly, we found that, in many realistic scenarios, vaccination is successful in mitigating the outbreak by reducing the prevalence of seriously ill patients, but it could be a double-edged sword, favouring resurgent outbreaks, and it thus calls for higher testing rates, more cautiousness and responsibility among the population, or the reintroduction of NPIs to achieve full eradication.
Circuit breaker is an essential component for power system protection. mathematical models of arc help analyze arc behaviour by which interruption process of circuit breaker can be understood. This paper aims at inves...
详细信息
Designers need to understand the role of social influence between consumers as an endogenous process of shaping value systems, and within the larger framework of indirect mutual influence on value systems of both cons...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781904670742
Designers need to understand the role of social influence between consumers as an endogenous process of shaping value systems, and within the larger framework of indirect mutual influence on value systems of both consumers and designers. This paper presents the results of computational experiments on the effects of social influence on individual and systemic behaviour of modelling consumers as situated cognitive agents in a product-consumer environment. Paired experiments were performed with identical initial conditions to compare the behaviour of social agents with non-social agents. Experiment results show that social agents are more productive in consuming available products, both in terms of aggregate unit consumption and aggregate utility. But this comes at a cost of individual average utility per unit consumed. In effect, social interaction achieved higher productivity by 'lowering the standards' of individual consumers. While still at an early stage of development, such an agent-based model laboratory is shown to be an effective research tool to investigate rich collective behaviour in the context of demanding cognitive tasks such as design innovation.
With the development of technology, internet technology is becoming more and more mature, so that users can choose different categories of information according to their needs and suitable for their own characteristic...
详细信息
In order to simulate the environmental dispersion and behaviour of effluent discharges from offshore oil and gas installations, a model has been developed to simulate the physical mixing behaviour of neutrally and pos...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)1853128147
In order to simulate the environmental dispersion and behaviour of effluent discharges from offshore oil and gas installations, a model has been developed to simulate the physical mixing behaviour of neutrally and positively buoyant plumes. The mathematical foundations of a Langevin based model capable of representing three phase (initial mixing, dynamic buoyancy collapse and ambient turbulence) dispersion are described. An initial asymptotic analysis is presented as part of a laboratory and field calibration process.
暂无评论