Empirical data of human crowd is essential to study pedestrian behaviour. Pedestrian data under different circumstances is required to validate and assess the predictive power of pedestrian modelling tools. Different ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781634398978
Empirical data of human crowd is essential to study pedestrian behaviour. Pedestrian data under different circumstances is required to validate and assess the predictive power of pedestrian modelling tools. Different types of pedestrian data, microscopic or macroscopic, are required for different applications of pedestrian modelling. However, few pedestrian data is available in the literature. In this paper, some microscopic and macroscopic data extracted from video recordings in three different locations: Downtown Vancouver (Canada);Duisburg-Essen University (Germany);and O-train station, Ottawa (Canada) are reported. One of the videos is recorded from a controlled experiment and the two others are recorded from natural pedestrian movements. Findings of this paper can be used as benchmarks to analyze pedestrian behaviour in similar situations.
The humanbehavioural changes have been recognized as an important key in shaping the disease spreading and determining the success of control measures in the course of epidemic outbreaks. However, apart from cost-ben...
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The humanbehavioural changes have been recognized as an important key in shaping the disease spreading and determining the success of control measures in the course of epidemic outbreaks. However, apart from cost-benefit considerations, in reality, people are heterogeneous in their preferences towards adopting certain protective actions to reduce their risk of infection, and social norms have a function in individuals' decision making. Here, we studied the interplay between the epidemic dynamics, imitation dynamics and the heterogeneity of individual protective behavioural response under the considerations of both economic and social factors, with a simple mathematical compartmental model and multi-population game dynamical replicator equations. We assume that susceptibles in different subpopulations have different preferences in adopting either normal or altered behaviour. By incorporating both intra- and inter-group social pressure, the outcome of the strategy distribution depends on the initial proportion of susceptible with normal and altered strategies in both subpopulations. The increase of additional cost to susceptible with altered behaviour will discourage people to take up protective actions and hence results in higher epidemic final size. For a specific cost of altered behaviour, the social group pressure could be a "double edge sword", though. We conclude that the interplays between individual protective behaviour adoption, imitation and epidemic dynamics are necessarily complex if both economic and social factors act on populations with existing preferences.
In electromagnetic dosimetry, anatomical human models are commonly obtained by segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. In this paper, a human head model extracted from therm...
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In this paper we present a mathematical model for the composition of software components, at a semantic modelling level. We describe a mathematical concept of a single software component and identify properties that e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769518877
In this paper we present a mathematical model for the composition of software components, at a semantic modelling level. We describe a mathematical concept of a single software component and identify properties that ensure its potential behaviour can be captured Based on that, we give a formal definition of composition and examine its effect on the individual components. We argue that properties of the individual components can, under certain conditions, be preserved in the composite. The proposed model can be used for guiding the composition of components as it advocates formal reasoning about the composite before the actual composition takes place.
Uncontrolled crowds and poor management of crowds have been known to lead to emergency and panic situations. Deaths and injuries have often resulted from such situations. Tools and models are required to study behavio...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0889864152
Uncontrolled crowds and poor management of crowds have been known to lead to emergency and panic situations. Deaths and injuries have often resulted from such situations. Tools and models are required to study behaviour in emergency and panic situations. In this paper, we propose a virtual human model for dealing with such situations. Our model is based on previous studies of phases of terror and fear, models of flight behaviour and behaviour of children in emergency and panic situations. We describe in this paper the specification and the associated pseudo-scripts of the model.
The paper presents the experimental results obtained on an experimental device where a horizontal rubber wire is stretched by a transversal oscillating force - that is a body with an acceleration sensor attached, plac...
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The paper presents the experimental results obtained on an experimental device where a horizontal rubber wire is stretched by a transversal oscillating force - that is a body with an acceleration sensor attached, placed at the middle of it that oscillates freely. A nonlinear model was proposed for the experimental test rig, the differential equation of motion was offered and a series of curves were traced and compared to the experimental ones. One can conclude that the theoretical model certifies very well the behaviour of the real model. An open problem remains the manner of adopting the parameters characteristic to the dissipative element of the system.
The response of a rigid rocking block has been thoroughly studied. From a mathematicalmodelling standpoint, a pure rocking system is complex, sensitive and sometime chaotic. Because of the complexity, it is generally...
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This paper studies the phenomenon of plastic volumetric hardening, which is a common feature of the mechanical behaviour of many geo-materials. A new hardening equation for naturally structured soils during subyieldin...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781622761760
This paper studies the phenomenon of plastic volumetric hardening, which is a common feature of the mechanical behaviour of many geo-materials. A new hardening equation for naturally structured soils during subyielding is proposed. The corresponding mathematical formulae describing the hardening are also presented, which employ implicitly the plastic volumetric deformation as a state parameter. The concept of subyielding and the proposed hardening equations can be implemented into most constitutive models. As a demonstration, the postulate is implemented into the Structured Cam Clay (SCC) model. The SCC model with the implementation is used to simulate the behaviour of structured clay under various loadings such as compression and shear tests. A study of soil parameters introduced is also performed. It is seen that the proposed postulate on subyielding behaviour of soils represents both qualitatively and quantitatively the hardening of various structured clay under different states and thus can be used as a powerful tool for modelling the plastic deformation of soils.
This paper applies a cognitive modelling approach to model decision making of naïve subjects in virtual emergency situations. Virtual environments (VE) can be used as a virtual laboratory to investigate human beh...
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Prior knowledge of the expected steady state as well as the dynamic response of a machine is useful for hardware operation. In this work, the study of the electromechanical behaviour of an induction machine is carried...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728120683
Prior knowledge of the expected steady state as well as the dynamic response of a machine is useful for hardware operation. In this work, the study of the electromechanical behaviour of an induction machine is carried out through MATLAB, wherein the dynamics between a high rating induction machine and a low rating induction machine is presented. A generic model in combination with the dynamic model is represented for the analytical research purposes. Critical parameters for the transient-stability performances of the two types of induction machines are perused with the aid of mathematical equations.
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