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Data science approaches to infectious disease surveillance

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-mathematical PHYSICAL AND engineering SCIENCES 2022年第2214期380卷 20210115-20210115页

作者： Zhang, Qingpeng City Univ Hong Kong Sch Data Sci Hong Kong Peoples R China

Novel data science approaches are needed to confront large-scale infectious disease epidemics such as COVID-19, human immunodeficiency viruses, African swine flu and Ebola. human beings are now equipped with richer data and more advanced data analytics methodologies, many of which have become available only in the last decade. The theme issue Data Science Approaches to Infectious Diseases Surveillance reports the latest interdisciplinary research on developing novel data science methodologies to capitalize on the rich 'big data' of human behaviours to confront infectious diseases, with a particular focus on combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to conventional public health research, articles in this issue present innovative data science approaches that were not possible without the growing human behaviour data and the recent advances in information and communications technology. This issue has 12 research papers and one review paper from a strong lineup of contributors from multiple disciplines, including data science, computer science, computational social sciences, applied maths, statistics, physics and public health. This introductory article provides a brief overview of the issue and discusses the future of this emerging field. This article is part of the theme issue 'Data science approaches to infectious disease surveillance'.

关键词： infectious disease mathematical modelling data science big data COVID-19

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modelling and Simulation of Fire Extinguishing Quadcopter

Modelling and Simulation of Fire Extinguishing Quadcopter

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IEEE International conference on Emerging & Sustainable Technologies for Power & ICT in a Developing Society (NIGERCON)

作者： Imhade P. Okokpujie Oluwaseye B. Oguntuase Momoh J. E. Salami Stella I. Monye Bernard A. Adaramola Temitayo M. Azeez Dept. of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti Nigeria

ISBN: (数字)9798331542559

ISBN: (纸本)9798331542566

The modelling and simulation of a firefighting quadcopter with a 200 kg payload capacity are presented in this study. The main goal is to ensure the quadcopter's stability and efficiency in delivering fire suppression fluids to designated locations. The quadcopter uses control systems to maintain stability and manoeuvrability while handling a considerable weight. It is fitted with massive propellers and high-thrust motors. The dynamic equations are used to control the quadcopter's motion while considering the substantial payload in the modelling phase. The transformation matrix, body matrix, and various coefficients, such as thrust and drag coefficients, are meticulously calculated to represent the quadcopter's physical characteristics accurately. Moments of inertia are derived based on the mass distribution, ensuring realistic simulation results. The control system, featuring PID controllers for roll, pitch, yaw, and vertical speed (zdot), is designed and tuned to achieve optimal performance. Initial PID values are provided and iteratively refined through simulation to meet the stability and responsiveness requirements. The behaviour of the quadcopter in various scenarios, such as roll, pitch, yaw, and vertical speed (dot) while carrying the payload, is simulated using MATLAB. The outcomes show that the quadcopter can operate steadily and precisely at the pitch (θ) angle of K p 4,5; for the Ti and Tp, it was 0.01 and 2.5 degrees, respectively, with an upward thrust velocity of 5.0, 0.02, and 3.0 in (m/s) for the K p , T i , and T p , which is essential for fighting fires. This study provides a comprehensive framework for developing high-payload drones for emergency response applications.

关键词： Robust control Simulation Control systems Stability analysis mathematical models Reliability MATLAB Quadrotors Payloads Drones

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Numerical modeling of the immune response to human papillomavirus infection

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mathematical METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES 2020年第14期43卷 7905-7914页

作者： Solis, Francisco J. Gonzalez, Luz M. Jerez, Silvia Ctr Res Math CIMAT Appl Math Guanajuato 36000 Mexico Monterrey Inst Technol & Higher Educ ITESM Zapopan Mexico

In this work, we develop mathematical models describing the interactions between human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected cells and the immune system. We start with simple models in order to capture the most important features of such interactions. Then, we proceed to consider fundamental immunological characteristics for the models. For the numerical counterpart, we develop and implement efficient numerical discretizations of our models in order to illustrate the behavior of the schemes using different initial conditions, which represent the degree of infection of the disease. Understanding such interactions is of paramount importance for the prevention and the potential eradication of the infection. One main goal of this research is to analyze how and under what circumstances the immune system succeeds in eliminating HPV-infected cells.

关键词： cell evolution human papillomavirus immune system mathematical modeling

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Numerical Modeling and Investigation of Flow of Incompressible Non-Newtonian Fluids through Uniform Slightly Deformable Channel

Numerical Modeling and Investigation of Flow of Incompressib...

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Science, engineering and Business for Sustainable Development Goals (SEB-SDG), International conference on

作者： Oluwaseyi O. Alabi Oyetunde A. Adeaga Sarah A. Akintola Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Ibadan Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering First Technical University Ibadan Department of Petroleum Engineering University of Ibadan

Numerical investigations of peristaltic flow of three non-Newtonian viscous fluids arising within modelled gut were performed to show their thermal and hydrodynamic behaviour in the gut. A 3-D numerical model of the human intestine was derived using Autodesk Inventor 2017 and simulated using ANSYS FLUENT 16.0. Thyme and produced Ogi, Soymilk and Sobo are considered working fluids. The density and viscosity of the produced fluid were determined experimentally, while the density and viscosity of the digester were obtained from previous work. The results of the experiments carried out showed that the densities of the produced fluid supplements were; 1024 $kg/m^{3},920kg/m^{3}$ and 800 $kg/m^{3}$ for Ogi, soybean milk and sobo respectively; their equivalent viscosities were; 1.095 $Pa.s, 0.95$ Pa.s, and 0.316 $Pa.s$ . From the results, it can be seen that the velocity behaviour of the four fluids is similar, as is the thermal behaviour. The results also showed that at inlet velocity of 0.005 $m/s, Ogi$ had the largest pressure change of 25 $Pa$ and a heat transfer of $Nu=9$ , while sobo had the smallest heat transfer of $Nu=9$ among the three fluid supplements produced. $Nu=5$ .

关键词： Viscosity Analytical models Fluids Liquids Intestines mathematical models Software

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Putting Robots in Context: Challenging the Influence of Voice and Empathic behaviour on Trust

Putting Robots in Context: Challenging the Influence of Voic...

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： Marta Romeo Ilaria Torre Sébastien Le Maguer Angelo Cangelosi Iolanda Leite School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh UK School of Computer Science University of Manchester Manchester UK Division of Interaction Design and Software Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Division of Robotics Perception and Learning KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden ADAPT Centre Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

Trust is essential for social interactions, including those between humans and social artificial agents, such as robots. Several robot-related factors can contribute to the formation of trust. However, previous work has often treated trust as an absolute concept, whereas it is highly context-dependent, and it is possible that some robot-related features will influence trust in some contexts, but not in others. In this paper, we present the results of two video-based online studies aimed at investigating the role of robot voice and empathic behaviour on trust formation in a general context as well as in a task-specific context. We found that voice influences trust in the specific context, with no effect of voice or empathic behaviour in the general context. Thus, context mediated whether robot-related features play a role in people’s trust formation towards robots.

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Three Approaches to the Automation of Laser System Alignment and Their Resource Implications: A Case Study

Three Approaches to the Automation of Laser System Alignment...

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IEEE International conference on Automation Science and engineering (CASE)

作者： David A. Robb Donald Risbridger Ben Mills Ildar Rakhmatulin Xianwen Kong Mustafa Erden M.J. Daniel Esser Richard M. Carter Mike J. Chantler School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Heriot-Watt University UK School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University UK Optoelectronics Research Centre University of Southampton UK

ISBN: (数字)9798350358513

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358520

The alignment of optical systems is a critical step in their manufacture. Alignment normally requires considerable knowledge and expertise of skilled operators. The automation of such processes has several potential advantages, but requires additional resource and upfront costs. Through a case study of a simple two mirror system we identify and examine three different automation approaches. They are: artificial neural networks; practice-led, which mimics manual alignment practices; and design-led, modelling from first principles. We find that these approaches make use of three different types of knowledge 1) basic system knowledge (of controls, measurements and goals); 2) behavioural skills and expertise, and 3) fundamental system design knowledge. We demonstrate that the different automation approaches vary significantly in human resources, and measurement sampling budgets. This will have implications for practitioners and management considering the automation of such tasks.

关键词： Laser theory Automation Costs Computer aided software engineering MIMICs Measurement by laser beam Manuals Control systems Mirrors System analysis and design

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Extended behaviour Prediction Framework in Complex System Development

Extended Behaviour Prediction Framework in Complex System De...

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International Multidisciplinary conference on Computer and Energy Science (SpliTech)

作者： Kreš imir Osman Mato Perić Department of Electrical Engineering Zagreb University of Applied Sciences Zagreb Croatia Department of Mechanical Engineering University North Vara&#x017E din Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665488280

The research presented in this paper presents a framework with an algorithm intended for the development of complex technical systems during their operation in uncertain situations. It is based on the prediction of deviations in the behaviour of complex engineering systems with uncertain operating parameters relative to the behaviour of the same system with the predicted operating parameters. In this case, the unexpected behaviour of the system in a changing working environment is modelled with: the architecture model of a complex technical system and the behaviour model of the same technical system. The model of complex system architecture is based on a matrix representation of the system components using a component Design Structure matrix (DSM) component. A mathematical model with distributed parameters and a model predictive control (MPC) method is used to describe the behavioural model of a complex system. Observed system stability is also verified using the direct Lyapunov method. Bilateral mapping of the obtained data between these two models allows describing and modelling the system behaviour in uncertain situations. The recording of the behaviour of the created complex system is performed using the rules of fuzzy logic. For this purpose, the Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used. Verification of the research results was carried out on a real example of a complex technical system - an air handling unit.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Adaptation models Predictive models Prediction algorithms mathematical models Data models Stability analysis

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Tribological Performance of Heat Treated 0.6% C Steel

Tribological Performance of Heat Treated 0.6% C Steel

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National conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, modelling and Characterization, RDMPMC 2020

作者： Kumari, Renu Behera, Ajit Bharti, Priyanka Sethi, Deepak Kumar Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering NIT Jamshedpur Jamshedpur Jharkhand India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering NIT Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India Department of Mechanical Engineering BCE Bhagalpur Bhagalpur Bihar India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering NIFFT Ranchi Jharkhand India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811636851

The present work investigated, the effect of heat treatment on tribological behaviour of 0.6% C steel. Samples were austenitized at 910 ℃ for 1 h in a muffle furnace and then cooling was done at different cooling rate, like furnace cooling (annealing) and air cooling (normalizing). Followed by microstructural characterization was carried out using optical microscopy and XRD analysis. Vickers hardness tester was used to evaluate hardness of the samples. Wear behavior of the as-received and heat treated samples were evaluated by pin on disc wear tester. The microstructure showed that presence of predominantly pearlite grains and less ferrite grains in as received and heat treated sample. Phase analysis showed the ferrite and carbide phase in as received and heat treated sample. Micro-hardness value decreased from 548 HV for as received 0.6% C steel to 256 HV for annealed sample and 412 HV for normalized sample. The more wear resistance of as received sample as compared to annealed and normalized sample. The wear depth was 20 µm for as received, on the other hand, 390 µm for normalized sample and 410 µm for annealed sample. The coefficient of friction of as received sample varies from 0.052 to 0.062, on the other hand, coefficient of friction varies from 0.052 to 0.062 for normalized sample and 0.062 to 0.073 for annealed sample. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Hardness Heat treatment Optical microscopy Steel Tribology Wear XRD

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Trust-Aware Motion Planning for human-Robot Collaboration under Distribution Temporal Logic Specifications

Trust-Aware Motion Planning for Human-Robot Collaboration un...

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IEEE International conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Pian Yu Shuyang Dong Shili Sheng Lu Feng Marta Kwiatkowska Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom School of Engineering University of Virginia United States

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

Recent work has considered trust-aware decision making for human-robot collaboration (HRC) with a focus on model learning. In this paper, we are interested in enabling the HRC system to complete complex tasks specified using temporal logic formulas that involve human trust. Since accurately observing human trust in robots is challenging, we adopt the widely used partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) framework for modelling the interactions between humans and robots. To specify the desired behaviour, we propose to use syntactically co-safe linear distribution temporal logic (scLDTL), a logic that is defined over predicates of states as well as belief states of partially observable systems. The incorporation of belief predicates in scLDTL enhances its expressiveness while simultaneously introducing added complexity. This also presents a new challenge as the belief predicates must be evaluated over the continuous (infinite) belief space. To address this challenge, we present an algorithm for solving the optimal policy synthesis problem. First, we enhance the belief MDP (derived by reformulating the POMDP) with a probabilistic labelling function. Then a product belief MDP is constructed between the probabilistically labelled belief MDP and the automaton translation of the scLDTL formula. Finally, we show that the optimal policy can be obtained by leveraging existing point-based value iteration algorithms with essential modifications. human subject experiments with 21 participants on a driving simulator demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Markov decision processes Heuristic algorithms Decision making Collaboration Automata Probabilistic logic Planning

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Probabilistic modelling and Safety Assurance of an Agriculture Robot Providing Light-Treatment

Probabilistic Modelling and Safety Assurance of an Agricultu...

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IEEE International conference on Automation Science and engineering (CASE)

作者： Mustafa Adam Kangfeng Ye David A. Anisi Ana Cavalcanti Jim Woodcock Robert Morris Robotics Group Faculty of Science & Technology Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) Norway Dept. of Computer Science University of York UK Dept. of Mechatronics Faculty of Engineering and Science University of Agder (UiA) Norway Saga Robotics AS Norway

Continued adoption of agricultural robots postulates the farmer's trust in the reliability, robustness and safety of the new technology. This motivates our work on safety assurance of agricultural robots, particularly their ability to detect, track and avoid obstacles and humans. This paper considers a probabilistic modelling and risk analysis framework for use in the early development phases. Starting off with hazard identification and a risk assessment matrix, the behaviour of the mobile robot platform, sensor and perception system, and any humans present are captured using three state machines. An auto-generated probabilistic model is then solved and analysed using the probabilistic model checker PRISM. The result provides unique insight into fundamental development and engineering aspects by quantifying the effect of the risk mitigation actions and risk reduction associated with distinct design concepts. These include implications of adopting a higher performance and more expensive Object Detection System or opting for a more elaborate warning system to increase human awareness. Although this paper mainly focuses on the initial concept-development phase, the proposed safety-assurance framework can also be used during implementation, and subsequent deployment and operation phases.

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