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CONTROLLER-DESIGN FOR AN UNKNOWN PROCESS, USING SIMULATION OF A human OPERATOR

engineering APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1995年第3期8卷 299-308页

作者： ENAB, YM University of Surrey U.K.

The reason for the present upsurge of interest in intelligent control is that the present generation of control systems are incapable, to a greater or lesser extent, of dealing with problems of a certain complexity. Fortunately, human operators (HO) are often experts in keeping the complex control systems on the right track. In this paper a method for controller design has been investigated, based on a concept of developing a mathematical model for the behaviour of the HO of the process. This method treats the HO's behaviour as a dynamic process in itself, transformed from the dynamics of the unknown process to be controlled. The following three phases are distinguished in controller design: (i) Observation phase, during which the HO controls the process by himself for a specific time interval. During this time the data representing the state of the process and the corresponding human controller actions are registered. (ii) modelling phase, during which the mapping between the inputs and the outputs of the controller is learned. The model used is a neural network with radial basis functions, and the estimation of the model parameters is conducted by using a multiparameter least-square estimation. (iii) Testing phase, during which the human operator behaviour model or the derived neural controller is used to control the process. The controller performance is evaluated by analysing its behaviour under both the same conditions used in learning phase, and completely different conditions to study the controller reliability. The method has been successfully applied to control a nonlinear level-control process using computer simulation.

关键词： MANUAL CONTROL MODELING NEURAL NETWORKS LEARNING SYSTEMS PROCESS CONTROL MODEL IDENTIFICATION MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS

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modelling of gold (I) cyanide adsorption based on the properties of activated bagasse

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MINERALS engineering 2003年第5期16卷 421-427页

作者： Syna, N Valix, M Univ Sydney Dept Chem Engn Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Bagasse, the fibrous residue from sugar cane milling operation, was subjected to physical activation using CO(2) to establish its suitability as a precursor for gold adsorption, specifically for the recovery of gold from cyanide medium. mathematical modelling, which correlates the effects of carbon properties on the adsorption behaviour, was conducted to formulate a basis for tailor making the adsorbent for this particular application. The developed model suggests carbon properties of alkali pH, high total surface area and small pore diameters are required for optimum adsorption capacity. The optimum adsorption capacity attained by the developed carbon in this study was 227% that of the test commercial activated carbon, which exhibited an adsorption of 101mg Au/g carbon. Hence this demonstrates bagasse as a promising precursor for the manufacture of activated carbon for gold cyanide adsorption. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： activated carbon extractive metallurgy gold ores modelling

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3D road traffic situation simulation system

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ADVANCES IN engineering SOFTWARE 2005年第2期36卷 77-86页

作者： Ambroz, M Krasna, S Prebil, I Univ Ljubljana Ctr Element & Complete Design Modelling Fac Mech Engn Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia

The 3D traffic situation simulation system combines the multibody based mathematical model of a vehicle, the multibody mathematical model of human body, the database of vehicle and human body data and the display subsystem. Together with the model of driving surface the system can be used to simulate and analyse vehicle and its occupant behaviour under different road conditions and different driving regimes. The result obtained this way can be used to investigate safety related parameters and optimise the driver-vehicle road system regarding to arbitrary criteria (safety, comfort, speed, etc.). The results of simulations are available as numerical data as well as animations in virtual 3D environment. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： control module virtual 3D environment dynamics measurement

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mathematical modelling of AHL production in Exiguobacterium MPO strain

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BIOCHEMICAL engineering JOURNAL 2018年 138卷 54-62页

作者： Shamshuddin, Zeeshan Kirse, Christoph Briesen, Heiko Doble, Mukesh Indian Inst Technol Bhupat & Doti Mehta Sch Biosci Dept Biotechnol Bioengn & Drug Design Lab Madras Tamil Nadu India Tech Univ Munich Chair Proc Syst Engn Gregor Mendel Str 4 D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan Germany

The cell to cell communication between bacteria is termed as quorum sensing, which maybe inter or intra species. This phenomenon is mediated by auto inducer molecules including N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones (AHL). The concentration of AHL generally reaches a maximum and decreases as a function of time. However, under certain conditions which promote slower growth of the bacteria, two maxima are seen in its concentration. This paper describes the mathematical modelling of AHL production by a member of the Exiguobacterium genus. A set of ordinary differential equations describe the dynamic behaviour of biomass, dissolved oxygen, substrate, and AHL concentration. The model fits the experimental data well with fewer parameters than those reported in literature. It is capable of describing both single and dual maxima seen in AHL production. This study suggests a possible mechanism of QS system in Exiguobacterium species. The developed model can help in identifying a potential harvesting time at which AHL concentration is maximum under reactor conditions. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Exiguobacterium sp. N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone mathematical modelling Quorum sensing Bioreactor Marine medium

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mathematical-MODELING IN ERGONOMICS

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APPLIED ERGONOMICS 1979年第4期10卷 225-234页

作者： SINCLAIR, MA DRURY, CG SUNY BUFFALO BUFFALONY 14214

This paper is the combination of three separate discussion documents, presented amongst others at a parallel session at the Ergonomics Society Annual conference, 1979, at Oxford. The discussion documents were general in tone and followed logically after one another, and the authors were asked to provide a joint paper for wider dissemination. This is the product, and represents a more-or-less common viewpoint between the authors (and others — it will no doubt be obvious that much of what is said has already been said by Chapanis (1961, 1967) in particular, in his usual elegant prose).

关键词： human engineering

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Towards Model-Based Robot behaviour Adaptation: Successful human-Robot Collaboration in Tense and Stressful Situations 23

Towards Model-Based Robot Behaviour Adaptation: Successful H...

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23rd Iranian conference on Electrical engineering

作者： Sobhani, M. M. Pipe, A. G. Dogramadzi, S. Fennell, J. G. Bristol Robot Lab Bristol Avon England Univ Bristol Sch Expt Psychol Bristol Avon England

ISBN: (纸本)9781479919710

In a demanding environment such as search and rescue, where human-robot collaboration provides potential benefits, understanding complex human behaviour will promote greater success. We propose that robots need to be equipped with embodied models of both human behaviour and the environment. Here we emulate some conditions of a disaster area to test collaboration between a robot and human, with added environmental distraction (noise) and cognitive load. With this setup, we generate empirical data as the basis of human performance modelling, using machine learning techniques. The experiment was repeated in three phases, first to capture baseline data for the basis of the model and later comparison with the second phase, where the robot adapted its working pace based on participants' performance, and the third phase, where the robot instead provided feedback to the participant based on their performance. Results suggest that, in a situation which is tense and stressful for human, having a robot adapting its behaviour towards that of a person can improve the overall success rate of the task at hand.

关键词： Adaptive behaviour human-robot collaboration modelling tense environment

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Rule-Based behaviour engineering: Integrated, Intuitive Formal Rule modelling

Rule-Based Behaviour Engineering: Integrated, Intuitive Form...

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22nd Australasian conference on Software engineering (ASWEC)

作者： Chan, Lin Wah Hexel, Rene Wen, Lian Griffith Univ Sch Informat & Commun Technol Brisbane Qld 4111 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549958

Requirement engineering is a difficult task which has a critical impact on software quality. Errors related to requirements are considered the most expensive types of software errors. They are the major cause of project delays and cost overruns. Software developers need to cooperate with multiple stakeholders with different backgrounds and concerns. The developers need to investigate an unfamiliar problem space and make the transition from the informal problem space to the formal solution space. The requirement engineering process should use systematic methods which are constructive, incremental, and rigorous. The methods also need to be easy to use and understand so that they can be used for communication among different stakeholders. Is it possible to invent a human intuitive modelling methodology which systematically translates the informal requirements into a formally defined model? behaviour engineering has arguably solved many problems. However, the size and low level of the final Behavior Tree makes it hard to match with the original requirements. Here, we propose a new requirement modelling approach called Rule-Based behaviour engineering. We separate two concerns, rules and procedural behaviours, right at the beginning of the requirement modelling process. We combine the Behavior Tree notation for procedural behaviour modelling with a non-monotonic logic called Clausal Defeasible Logic for rule modelling. In a systematic way, the target model is constructed incrementally in four well-defined steps. Both the representations of rules and procedural flows are humanly readable and intuitive. The result is an effective mechanism for formally modelling requirements, detecting requirement defects, and providing a set of tools for communication among stakeholders.

关键词： Requirement engineering Requirement modelling Model-driven engineering modelling language Rule-Based behaviour engineering Rule-Based Behavior Tree Non-monotonic reasoning Defeasible Logic Clausal Defeasible Logic Behavior Tree behaviour engineering

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Non-local first-order modelling of crowd dynamics: A multidimensional framework with applications

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APPLIED mathematical modelling 2011年第1期35卷 426-445页

作者： Bruno, Luca Tosin, Andrea Tricerri, Paolo Venuti, Fiammetta Politecn Torino Dept Math I-10129 Turin Italy Politecn Torino Dept Struct & Geotech Engn I-10125 Turin Italy Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Math Inst Computat Sci & Engn CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

In this work a physical modelling framework is presented, describing the intelligent, non-local, and anisotropic behaviour of pedestrians. Its phenomenological basics and constitutive elements are detailed, and a qualitative analysis is provided. Within this common framework, two first-order mathematical models, along with related numerical solution techniques, are derived. The models are oriented to specific real world applications: a one-dimensional model of crowd-structure interaction in footbridges and a two-dimensional model of pedestrian flow in an underground station with several obstacles and exits. The noticeable heterogeneity of the applications demonstrates the significance of the physical framework and its versatility in addressing different engineering problems. The results of the simulations point out the key role played by the physiological and psychological features of human perception on the overall crowd dynamics. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crowd dynamics Non-local interactions Anisotropy Crowd-structure interaction Built environments

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modelling nutrient transport in hollow fibremembrane bioreactor for growing bone tissue with consideration of multi-component interactions

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CHEMICAL engineering SCIENCE 2007年第21期62卷 5821-5839页

作者： Abdullah, N. S. Das, D. B. Univ Oxford Dept Engn Sci Oxford OX1 3PJ England

Current work in bone tissue engineering (BTE) suggests that hollow fibre membrane bioreactors (HFMBs) can be used to grow artificial bone tissue which may then be implanted in humans to treat various bone defects. The HFMBs mimic the blood capillary networks in human bones and are able to maintain high concentrations of nutrients by minimising mass transfer distance. To further establish this method and to develop effective BTE protocols, nutrient transport behaviour in the HFMB must be characterised. By doing so, the quantitative relationships between the cell environments and, bioreactor operating conditions and designs can be elucidated. This also paves the way for possible improvement and optimisation of the HFMB performance. However, characterising the nutrients transport properties in HFMB are not straightforward as online measurements of key parameters are almost impossible at the moment. This is due to the very small size and the stringent operating conditions of the bioreactors. Hence, much work is needed on mathematical modelling of mass transport in these bioreactors. In this paper, we present a rigorous framework for modelling mass transport in HFMB for growing bone tissue. In particular, we consider the effects of hydrodynamics and multi-component interactions on nutrient transport profiles. The developed framework is then used to study the behaviour of nutrient transport in HFMB for bone tissue growth for various operating conditions with a view to generalise their effects as far as possible. Maxwell-Stefan, Navier-Stokes and reaction kinetic equations are combined to quantify the multi-component nutrient transport behaviour in the bioreactor. The framework also relies on the use of a single hollow fibre (Krogh cylinder assumption), which is representative of the whole fibre bundle. The numerical solutions of the governing model equations are obtained using finite element method. The effects of different bioreactor designs (e.g., fibre length, lumen th

关键词： nutrient transport hollow fibre membrane bioreactor Krogh cylinder approximation multi-component interactions Navier-Stokes equations Maxwell-Stefan equations finite element modelling

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A pilot study on eliciting human operations decision in purchasing and measuring their impact on supply chain efficiency

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COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL engineering 2017年 113卷 904-920页

作者： Yoo, Min-Jung Naciri, Souleiman Badulescu, Yvonne Glardon, Remy Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne ICT Sustainable Mfg Syst Stn 9 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

This paper presents a methodology for eliciting the behavioural model of purchasers' decision-making in a supply chain environment. The objective of the work is to explicitly describe the relationship between a human user's behaviour and the resulting performance in inventory level and service satisfaction. The key research findings include: (i) How to identify a categorised pattern of a human decision model, particularly concerning purchasing operations;and (ii) Which metrics would be relevant in the objective of carrying out a quantitative analysis on decision behaviour. The order placement behaviour is studied as one of daily operational decisions. The work demonstrates how to analyse a potential relationship between each category of behaviour and selected measures of supply chain performance, i.e., average inventory level and delivery satisfaction. We developed a specialised tool for supply chain simulation aimed at collecting data such as information consultations and decision-making actions of purchasing operations. The methodology is composed of sub-processes, such as data log file generation, data parsing and information generation, behaviour profile identification through clustering, and the analysis of supply performance regarding each category of decision-making behaviour. Through experimentation with industrial purchasing agents, we validated the effectiveness of the approach and demonstrated how to achieve a quantitative analysis of decision making behaviour and its impact on supply performance. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： human decision modelling Operational decision Simulation behaviour metrics Supply chain efficiency Quantitative analysis

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