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Dynamic and tribological contact study for human fingertips at very low speeds

IOP conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期724卷

作者： A Călin A Tudor M Stoica N Stoica K Subhi Department of Machine Elements and Tribology Politehnica University Bucharest 313 Splaiul Independentei Bucharest Romania Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University Kufa Iraq

Nonlinear elastic models have been widely used to describe the mechanical behaviour of complex materials such as skin. The subject of skin modelling is fairly new and of great importance to fields such as robotics and the development of skin-like materials to orthopaedics and prosthetics. The present article serves to add to the findings of previous authors and present experimental values gathered using the 'Stick-Slip Experimental Stand' within the Machine Elements and Tribology Department on the tribological aspects regarding friction at very low speeds. The scope of this article is to evaluate the static and kinetic friction coefficients of the human skin in contact with different materials. A total of 5 different materials were tested to find the static and kinetic friction coefficient. The tested materials were steel, bronze, and 3 types of materials found on the inside of working gloves in direct contact with human skin: leather (bovine origin) and 2 types of textiles (cotton and nylon). All tests were performed at 1.8 mm/min, with an initial load of 7.5 Newton and a test time of 1000 seconds. The total distance evaluated was 9.25 mm.

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A pilot study on eliciting human operations decision in purchasing and measuring their impact on supply chain efficiency

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COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL engineering 2017年 113卷 904-920页

作者： Yoo, Min-Jung Naciri, Souleiman Badulescu, Yvonne Glardon, Remy Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne ICT Sustainable Mfg Syst Stn 9 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

This paper presents a methodology for eliciting the behavioural model of purchasers' decision-making in a supply chain environment. The objective of the work is to explicitly describe the relationship between a human user's behaviour and the resulting performance in inventory level and service satisfaction. The key research findings include: (i) How to identify a categorised pattern of a human decision model, particularly concerning purchasing operations;and (ii) Which metrics would be relevant in the objective of carrying out a quantitative analysis on decision behaviour. The order placement behaviour is studied as one of daily operational decisions. The work demonstrates how to analyse a potential relationship between each category of behaviour and selected measures of supply chain performance, i.e., average inventory level and delivery satisfaction. We developed a specialised tool for supply chain simulation aimed at collecting data such as information consultations and decision-making actions of purchasing operations. The methodology is composed of sub-processes, such as data log file generation, data parsing and information generation, behaviour profile identification through clustering, and the analysis of supply performance regarding each category of decision-making behaviour. Through experimentation with industrial purchasing agents, we validated the effectiveness of the approach and demonstrated how to achieve a quantitative analysis of decision making behaviour and its impact on supply performance. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： human decision modelling Operational decision Simulation behaviour metrics Supply chain efficiency Quantitative analysis

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Effect of vertical vibrations on human postural balance

Effect of vertical vibrations on human postural balance

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IEEE International conference on Control and Robotics engineering (ICCRE)

作者： Mahboubeh Keyvanara Mohammad Jafar Sadigh Department of Mechanical Engineering Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9781538666647

Standing is a human posture in which the body is held in an upright position and supported only by the feet. The degeneracy of the postural control balance, in the elderly and in patients with certain pathologies, has forced researchers to study more about how the balance system works in the body. In this paper, a new approach in modelling the human postural control system is presented; this modelling takes advantage of the vestibular system which has an important role in balancing the human stance. With the presence of the controller, the effect of the vertical vibrations of the feet is studied. This study could be an initial step in designing active orthosis which can improve postural stability using the feet.

关键词： Vibrations mathematical model Foot Stability analysis Acceleration Senior citizens Control systems

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Analysing Non-Isothermal Curing behaviour of Natural Rubber Compounds By mathematical modelling of Oscillating Disc Rheometer Curves

Analysing Non-Isothermal Curing Behaviour of Natural Rubber ...

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Moratuwa engineering Research conference (MERCon)

作者： V. S. C. Weragoda A. M. P. B. Samarasekara Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Moratuwa Moratuwa Sri Lanka

This study investigates a novel way of analyzing the rheometer curves obtained from an Oscillating Disk Rheometer (ODR) for predicting the non-isothermal curing characteristics of a rubber compound. A mathematical function is proposed to predict the change in the observed rheometer torque as a function of the temperature to model the state of cure under transient temperature conditions. This was achieved by modeling the rheometer curve with the aid of six temperature dependant parametric constants. The proposed function was observed to accurately describe, the shape of the torque rate at any given temperature. The characteristics variation of the parametric constants too have been briefly examined.

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modelling toxicity behaviour of engineered nanomaterials using computational intelligence approach

Modelling toxicity behaviour of engineered nanomaterials usi...

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SPE International conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility 2018

作者： Odedele, T.O. Ibrahim, H.D. Computer Services Division Raw Materials Research and Development Council Federal Ministry of Science and Technology Nigeria Raw Materials Research and Development Council Federal Ministry of Science and Technology Nigeria

ISBN: (纸本)9781613995914

Nanotechnology is the fabrication and manipulation of novel material at size of 100 nm or less and is increasingly becoming a promising areas in various human endeavor because of their novel and unique characteristics. Nano-materials are commonly applied in medicine, engineering and agricultural industries. The unique properties of these materials can be manipulated for beneficial purposes and at the same time may also have side effects through toxicological and environmental impacts. Considering the Environmental and Health implications, nanomaterials could be harmful because of their distribution through environment, aquatic and human systems. Their novel and unique properties have made its transportation and distribution easy into human body system through the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract. However, many toxicological studies have shown inherent toxicity of some nano-particles to living organisms, and their potentially harmful effects on environment and aquatic systems (ecotoxicity) for which relatively tedious animal testing procedures have been documented for their characterization. Considering the increasing number of nanoparticles manufactured and the variety of their intrinsic properties especially sizes and coatings, it is therefore necessary to explore alternative approach that avoids conducting test on every nano-particle produced. The apprehensions of the potential harmful effects of nanomaterials constitute serious setback to nanotechnology commercialization. The objective of the study is to develop screening protocol to assess, evaluate, and manage the inherent risks. To achieve this, it is imperative to develop models, tools and an acceptable mechanism for screening, predicting and monitoring the application of nanomaterials. In view of these side effects, there is therefore the need to design and develop classification and nanomaterials toxicity predictive models for using computational intelligent and adaptive hybrid systems. This paper theref

关键词： Toxicity

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Airflow and Particle Transport Through human Airways: A Systematic Review 1

Airflow and Particle Transport Through Human Airways: A Syst...

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International conference on Materials, Alloys and Experimental Mechanics (ICMAEM)

作者： Kharat, S. B. Deoghare, A. B. Pandey, K. M. NIT Dept Mech Engn Silchar India

This paper describes review of the relevant literature about two phase analysis of air and particle flow through human airways. An emphasis of the review is placed on elaborating the steps involved in two phase analysis, which are Geometric modelling methods and mathematical models. The first two parts describes various approaches that are followed for constructing an Airway model upon which analysis are conducted. Broad two categories of geometric modelling viz. Simplified modelling and Accurate modelling using medical scans are discussed briefly. Ease and limitations of simplified models, then examples of CT based models are discussed. In later part of the review different mathematical models implemented by researchers for analysis are briefed. mathematical models used for Air and Particle phases are elaborated separately.

关键词： Aerosol Deposition Airflow Behavior human Airways Particle Transport

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A micromorphic approach modelling the anisotropic material behaviour of the human heart 11

A micromorphic approach modelling the anisotropic material b...

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11th South African conference on Computational and Applied Mechanics, SACAM 2018

作者： Dollery, Devin Skatulla, Sebastian Ntusi, Ntobeko Computational Continuum Mechanics Research Group Department of Civil Engineering University of Cape Town Rondebosch7701 South Africa Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics University of Cape Town Rondebosch7701 South Africa Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University of Cape Town Rondebosch7701 South Africa

The research area of computational cardiac mechanics is expanding rapidly, and brings inter-disciplinary expertise together to bridge the physiological and mechanical phenomena of the heart. Computational cardiac mechanics has historically relied on classical continuum models, which approximate the macroscopically observable material behaviour originated on micro-structural level as purely averaged response of the involved micro-constituents. Therefore, it is not possible to directly and independently address the response of the cardiac tissue (myocardium) components, such as the muscle fibres (myocytes) or the hierarchically organized cytoskeleton. Multiscale continuum models have developed over time to account for some of the micro-architecture of a material, and allow for additional degrees of freedom in the continuum over classical models. The micromorphic continuum [1] is a multiscale model that contains additional degrees of freedom which lend themselves of the description of fibres, referred to as micro-directors. The micromorphic model has great potential to replicate certain characteristics of the myocardium in more detail. Specifically, the micromorphic micro-directors can represent the myocytes, thus allowing for non-affine relative deformations of the myocytes and the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissue constraining the fibres, which is not directly possible with classical models. This study explores a generalized micromorphic approach [2-4] whereby a macro-scale strain measure represents the deformation of the ECM of the tissue, a micro-scale strain measure represents the muscle fibres, and a third strain measure describes of the interaction of both scales. Separate constitutive equations are developed to give unique stiffness responses to both, the ECM and the myocytes, respectively. The micromorphic model is calibrated for cardiac tissue, first using triaxial shear experiments, and subsequently, to a pressure-volume relationship. The contribution of

关键词： Heart

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modelling of Robotic Single Peg-In-Hole Assembly Using ADAMS/MATLAB Co-simulation

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IOP conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期995卷

作者： P Nagarajan S Vigneshwaran K Yuvaraj A Mohammed Ismail S Raghavendra Prabhu Assistant Professor Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Department of Mechatronics Erode Tamilnadu India

A virtual assembly model of robotic single peg-in-hole assembly environment is developed to determine contact force using ADAMS/MATLAB Co-simulation in this work. The existing dynamic models of the insertion process are incapable of replicating the real assembly scenarios due to its complicated mathematical expressions and handling variety of dynamic parameters. In order to address this problem, a co-simulation model is proposed to study the dynamic behaviour of a planar robot in executing an assembly process. Initially, the physical robotic assembly environment with 3-R planar manipulator is built in Solid Works and it is imported to ADAMS environment for the analysis. A Cartesian trajectory for the end-effector is given as input for executing the assembly process. Since simulation in ADAMS is executed with joint values, inverse kinematic calculations of the manipulator are employed in MATLAB environment to convert the given Cartesian descriptions into their corresponding joint descriptions. Further, the joint values are properly exchanged between these different software environments using co-simulation model to simulate the intended assembly process. Besides, the contact forces at peg end are analysed under defined lateral error condition.

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Model comparison of estimated glomerular filtration rate for acute kidney injury in intensive care unit

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IOP conference Series: Materials Science and engineering 2020年第1期788卷

作者： F Dzaharudin U K Jamaludin A M Ralib M B Mat Nor A Tumian A R Ismail Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26600 Pekan Pahang Malaysia Kulliyyah of Medicine International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan 25200 Malaysia Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology International Islamic University Malaysia Gombak 53100 Malaysia

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients and often associated with higher mortality. It is commonly diagnosed using plasma creatinine, a fluid excreted by glomerular filtration. In this study, we analysed the highly nonlinear and complex behaviour within human systems of estimating glomerular filtration rate in critically ill patients to estimate AKI outcome by developing an application program that describes various numerical mathematical models estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The program was developed to collect numerous clinical patient data and perform computations of the governing equations that may provide clinicians with rapid estimation of GFR which allow prediction of recovery or worsening of renal function at bedside. Data collection using the application program was conducted at the intensive care unit in Kuantan, Malaysia from January to August 2016. It was found that the eGFR by CKD-EPI shows the best correlation with kinetic GFR (keGFR) equations compared to other mathematical methods for Malaysian ICU patients. It is endeavoured that more patient data would be collected using this mobile application, to develop a more accurate GFR estimation model suitable for Asian populations since creatinine based equations are often derived based on white populations.

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Simulating human detection of phishing websites: An investigation into the applicability of ACT-R cognitive behaviour architecture model 3

Simulating human detection of phishing websites: An investig...

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3rd IEEE International conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF)

作者： Williams, Nick Li, Shujun Univ Surrey Dept Comp Sci Guildford Surrey England

ISBN: (纸本)9781538622018

The prevalence and effectiveness of phishing attacks, despite the presence of a vast array of technical defences, are due largely to the fact that attackers are ruthlessly targeting what is often referred to as the weakest link in the system - the human. This paper reports the results of an investigation into how end users behave when faced with phishing websites and how this behaviour exposes them to attack. Specifically, the paper presents a proof of concept computer model for simulating human behaviour with respect to phishing website detection based on the ACT-R cognitive architecture, and draws conclusions as to the applicability of this architecture to human behaviour modelling within a phishing detection scenario. Following the development of a high-level conceptual model of the phishing website detection process, the study draws upon ACT-R to model and simulate the cognitive processes involved in judging the validity of a representative webpage based primarily around the characteristics of the HTTPS padlock security indicator. The study concludes that despite the low-level nature of the architecture and its very basic user interface support, ACT-R possesses strong capabilities which map well onto the phishing use case, and that further work to more fully represent the range of human security knowledge and behaviours in an ACT-R model could lead to improved insights into how best to combine technical and human defences to reduce the risk to end users from phishing attacks.

关键词： Phishing website security psychology human behaviour cognitive modelling ACT-R

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