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3rd IEEE International conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF)

作者： Williams, Nick Li, Shujun Univ Surrey Dept Comp Sci Guildford Surrey England

ISBN: (纸本)9781538622018

The prevalence and effectiveness of phishing attacks, despite the presence of a vast array of technical defences, are due largely to the fact that attackers are ruthlessly targeting what is often referred to as the weakest link in the system - the human. This paper reports the results of an investigation into how end users behave when faced with phishing websites and how this behaviour exposes them to attack. Specifically, the paper presents a proof of concept computer model for simulating human behaviour with respect to phishing website detection based on the ACT-R cognitive architecture, and draws conclusions as to the applicability of this architecture to human behaviour modelling within a phishing detection scenario. Following the development of a high-level conceptual model of the phishing website detection process, the study draws upon ACT-R to model and simulate the cognitive processes involved in judging the validity of a representative webpage based primarily around the characteristics of the HTTPS padlock security indicator. The study concludes that despite the low-level nature of the architecture and its very basic user interface support, ACT-R possesses strong capabilities which map well onto the phishing use case, and that further work to more fully represent the range of human security knowledge and behaviours in an ACT-R model could lead to improved insights into how best to combine technical and human defences to reduce the risk to end users from phishing attacks.

关键词： Phishing website security psychology human behaviour cognitive modelling ACT-R

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Mixed Initiative Systems for human-Swarm Interaction: Opportunities and Challenges

Mixed Initiative Systems for Human-Swarm Interaction: Opport...

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Annual Systems modelling conference (SMC)

作者： Aya Hussein Hussein Abbass School of Engineering and Information Technology UNSW Canberra Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781538665848

human-swarm interaction (HSI) involves a number of human factors impacting human behaviour throughout the interaction. As the technologies used within HSI advance, it is more tempting to increase the level of swarm autonomy within the interaction to reduce the workload on humans. Yet, the prospective negative effects of high levels of autonomy on human situational awareness can hinder this process. Flexible autonomy aims at trading-off these effects by changing the level of autonomy within the interaction when required; with mixed-initiatives combining human preferences and automation's recommendations to select an appropriate level of autonomy at a certain point of time. However, the effective implementation of mixed-initiative systems raises fundamental questions on how to combine human preferences and automation recommendations, how to realise the selected level of autonomy, and what the future impacts on the cognitive states of a human are. We explore open challenges that hamper the process of developing effective flexible autonomy. We then highlight the potential benefits of using system modelling techniques in HSI by illustrating how they provide HSI designers with an opportunity to evaluate different strategies for assessing the state of the mission and for adapting the level of autonomy within the interaction to maximise mission success metrics.

关键词： Task analysis Robots human factors Brain modeling Monitoring Computational modeling Automation

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Detecting flu outbreaks based on spatiotemporal information from urban systems - Designing a novel study

Detecting flu outbreaks based on spatiotemporal information ...

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2018 Geoinformation for Disaster Management conference, Gi4DM 2018

作者： Grottenberg, L.O. Njå, O. Tøssebro, E. Braut, G.S. Tønnessen, R. Grøneng, G.M. Department of Safety Economics and Planning Faculty of Science and Technology University of Stavanger Norway Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty of Science and Technology University of Stavanger Norway Stavanger University Hospital Norway Department of Influenza Norwegian Institute of Public Health Norway Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Modelling Norwegian Institute of Public Health Norway

This paper explores the application of real-time spatial information from urban transport systems to understand the outbreak, severity and spread of seasonal flu epidemics from a spatial perspective. We believe that combining travel data with epidemiological data will be the first step to develop a tool to predict future epidemics and to better understand the effects that these outbreaks have on societal functions over time. Real-time data-streams provide a powerful, yet underutilised tool when it comes to monitoring and detecting changes to the daily behaviour of inhabitants. In this paper, we describe and discuss the design of the geospatial project, in which we will draw upon data sources available from the Norwegian cities of Oslo and Bergen. Historical datasets from public transport and road traffic will serve as an initial indication of whether changes in daily transport patterns corresponds to seasonal flu data. It is expected that changes in daily transportation habits corresponds to swings in daily and weekly flu activity and that these differences can be measured through geostatistical analysis. Conceptually one could be able to monitor changes in human behaviour and activity in nearly true time by using indicators derived from outside the clinical health services. This type of more up-to-date and geographically precise information could contribute to earlier detection of flu outbreaks and serve as background for implementing tailor-made emergency response measures over the course of the outbreaks. © Authors 2018. CC BY 4.0 License.

关键词： Disease control

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Revealing the Biological Meaning of Alternative Optimal Solutions of an E. coli Core Model through a System Identification Based Framework

Revealing the Biological Meaning of Alternative Optimal Solu...

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7th conference on Foundation of Systems Biology in engineering (FOSBE)

作者： Hilliard, Matthew He, Q. Peter Wang, Jin Auburn Univ Auburn AL 36849 USA

Genome-scale metabolic network models (GEMs) have been developed and applied successfully in many applications. Among different modeling approaches, flux balance analysis (FBA), a constraint based method, has attracted significant interest due to its simplicity and effectiveness. Due to the inherent redundancies built into the metabolic network, alternative optimal solutions in general exist in the implementations of FBA. Although mathematical and geometrical meanings of the alternative optima are straightforward, their biological meaning has not been fully understood. In this work, with the E. coli core model as an example, we apply a system identification based framework that we previously developed for GEM analysis to reveal the biological meaning of the alternative optimal solutions to FBA. We show that for the E. coli core model, the alternative solutions are related to each other as different means to achieve the same redox balance, i.e., total NADPH. (C) 2018, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： System identification metabolic engineering metabolic modeling flux balance analysis principal component analysis linear programing alternative optimal solution

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Changing of Properties of Unsaturated Compacted Bentonite due to Hydration Effort

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Journal of Environmental Science and engineering(B) 2018年第3期7卷 92-102页

作者： Tomoyoshi Nishimura Junichi Koseki Department of Civil Engineering Ashikaga University Ashikaga Tochigi 326 8558 Japan Department of Civil Engineering The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113 8654 Japan

Radioactive waste disposal is important facility for human and environment in the world. Compacted bentonite in radioactive disposal engineer barrier design really experience hydration effort as decreasing of suction during long-time. Hydration effort develop macro-micro void structure in bentonite under deeply geological environment. The bentonite occurred uncertainly problems or translation in various experimental interaction boundary conditions such as thermal-hydration-chemical condition. To detect accumulation of deformation or changing of bentonite behaviour due to these processes is important that the modified experimental methods are required. In addition, to interpret laboratory experimental results combine to establish mathematical modelling in possible. The overall investigation or performance of the bentonite have contributed to represent the intrinsic properties of engineer barrier systems. This study focused on changing of properties of unsaturated compacted bentonite related to hydration effort due to increasing of relative humidity. Changing of some properties revealed to become instability or uncertainly problems in practice. Soil-water characteristic curve was measured with considering of various temperatures using vapor pressure technique. Swelling pressure and creep behaviour such as mechanical components were described with hydration effort.

关键词： Bentonite suction soil-water characteristic curve swelling pressure creep deformation

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The memory tesseract: mathematical equivalence between composite and separate storage memory models

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JOURNAL OF mathematical PSYCHOLOGY 2017年 77卷 142-155页

作者： Kelly, Mary Alexandria Mewhort, D. J. K. West, Robert L. Carleton Univ Ottawa ON Canada Queens Univ Kingston ON Canada

Computational memory models can explain the behaviour of human memory in diverse experimental paradigms. But research has produced a profusion of competing models, and, as different models focus on different phenomena, there is no best model. However, by examining commonalities among models, we can move towards theoretical unification. Computational memory models can be grouped into composite and separate storage models. We prove that MINERVA 2, a separate storage model of long-term memory, is mathematically equivalent to composite storage memory implemented as a fourth order tensor, and approximately equivalent to a fourth-order tensor compressed into a holographic vector. Building of these demonstrations, we show that MINERVA 2 and related separate storage models can be implemented in neurons. Our work clarifies the relationship between composite and separate storage models of memory, and thereby moves memory models a step closer to theoretical unification. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Memory Cognitive modelling Computational modelling MINERVA 2 Vectors Tensors Holographic reduced representations HRRs Associative memory Neural networks

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A review of bioregulatory and coupled mechanobioregulatory mathematical models for secondary fracture healing

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MEDICAL engineering & PHYSICS 2017年 48卷 90-102页

作者： Wang, Monan Yang, Ning Harbin Univ Sci & Technol Mech & Power Engn Coll Harbin Heilongjiang Peoples R China

Fracture healing is a complex biological process involving many cellular and molecular events. During fracture healing, biochemical signals play a regulatory role in promoting the healing process. Although many experiments have been conducted to study fracture healing, not all of the mechanisms are clearly understood. Over the past years, a lot of mathematical models and computational simulations have been established to investigate the fracture healing process. These models offer a powerful tool to study the interplay between cell behaviour, mechanical stimuli and biochemical signals and help design new treatment strategies. However, most of the mathematical models focus on the effect of mechanical stimuli and few models consider the important role of biochemical signals during fracture healing. In this review, we first emphasize the importance of biochemical signals during fracture healing. Then, existing bioregulatory and coupled mechanobioregulatory models are presented. Finally, some limitations and possible solutions are discussed. (C) 2017 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fracture healing Biochemical signals mathematical modelling

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Numerical Investigation of the Oxide Scale Deformation behaviour with Consideration of Carbon Content during Hot Forging

Numerical Investigation of the Oxide Scale Deformation Behav...

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International conference on the Technology of Plasticity (ICTP)

作者： Behrens, B-A Kawalla, R. Awiszus, B. Bouguecha, A. Ullmann, M. Graf, M. Bonk, C. Chugreev, A. Wester, H. Inst Forming Technol & Machines Univ 2 D-30823 Garbsen Germany Inst Met Forming Bernhard von Cotta Str 4 D-09599 Freiberg Germany Virtual Prod Engn Reichenhainer Str 70 D-09126 Chemnitz Germany

Due to increasing product requirements the numerical simulation has become a powerful tool for the effective and efficient design of individual process steps as well as entire process chains. In order to model hot forging processes with finite element based numerical methods realistic models are required which consider the detailed mathematical description of the material behaviour during the forging process, the surface phenomena at die and workpiece as well as machine kinematics. Although this data exist for several steel grades, yet general mathematical models for steel groups based on alloying elements like carbon content are not available. In hot forging the surface properties are strongly affected by the growth of oxide scale, which influences material flow, friction as well as product quality of the finished components. The influence of different carbon contents on oxide scale growth and material behaviour is investigated by considering three different steel grades (C15, C45 and C60). For a general description of the material behaviour, an empirical approach is used to implement mathematical functions so as to express the relationship between flow stress and dominant influence variables like alloying elements, initial microstructure and reheating mode. The oxide scale consists of three different components namely wuestite, magnetite and haematite. In order to take the oxide scale into account, additional models are required to describe the growth kinematic and flow behaviour of the oxide scale components. The mathematical relationship between oxidation time, temperature, carbon content and oxide scale height is based on Arrhenius approach. The deformation behaviour of oxide scale is separately modelled for each component with parameterized flow curves. This paper gives first approaches on the numerical modelling of plastic deformation of oxide scale in a hot forging process. The main focus lies on the involvement of the different materials as well as the calc

关键词： hot forging fern oxide scale multi-material modelling

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Benefits and Challenges in the Use of Big Data and AI

Benefits and Challenges in the Use of Big Data and AI

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ACIS International conference on Software engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD)

作者： Liz Bacon Software Engineering University of Greenwich Greenwich London UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781538658901;9781538658895

As artificial intelligence and big data become ever more prevalent in society, this keynote will examine the benefits as well as the growing challenges around their use, highlighted by the authors research in a variety of applications such as education and training, behavioural modelling, ageing, tourism, and crisis management. The talk will also discuss issues around cybersecurity, morality, human behaviour, ethics and the need for continuous education of the public.

关键词： Big Data Education Software engineering Artificial intelligence Data models Aging Crisis management

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Size does matter: The use of fish motion for improving human swimming simulations

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APPLIED mathematical modelling 2017年 46卷 339-353页

作者： Pacholak, St. Brucker, Ch. Tech Univ Freiberg Inst Numer Math & Optimizat Akad Str 6 D-09596 Freiberg Germany City Univ London Sch Math Comp Sci & Engn 10 Northampton Sq London EC1V 0HB England

In this study we evaluated the length and volume inconsistencies that occur when applying simple motion functions onto surface models of swimming fish and human, respectively. The larger the size (diameter and length) of the body, the larger are these inconsistencies. To eliminate these errors, different surface correction algorithms are introduced. Additional terms are implemented to overcome structural insufficiencies through over-stretching and overlapping in sensible body parts. For human undulatory swimming these models combine the motion of rigid extremities with the smooth surface bending at joints. The advantages of this hybrid model can be crucial for Computational Fluid Dynamics, where deviation from natural behaviour results in unrealistic surface pressures and artificial vortex structures. The structural improvements are also promising for computational graphic programming, where skin-like stretching surfaces mediate a natural impression. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Swimming kinematics Surface model Consistency Flexible backbone

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