Commercial thermal and non-thermal processes for food are dynamic, where temperature, water activity, and other variables can change with time. An efficient process design requires knowing the parameters of microbial ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789077381922
Commercial thermal and non-thermal processes for food are dynamic, where temperature, water activity, and other variables can change with time. An efficient process design requires knowing the parameters of microbial mathematical models describing the underlying dynamic processes. However, most research to obtain these parameters is performed under simulated constant conditions. The objective of this session is to address some of the recent developments to model predictive microbial dynamics of food processes describing examples on how to perform inverse (parameter estimation) problems for a number of different primary-secondary models. Therefore, appropriate experimental designs, such as optimal experimental design, parameter identification under dynamic conditions, and properly statistical indices to discriminate among models are discussed.
Understanding crew response to damage events is critical in the analysis of naval platform survivability. Naval Damage Control (DC) decision-making and behaviour is primarily governed by Standard Operating Procedures ...
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Tidal stream energy has the potential to make a significant contribution to energy mix in the future. Accurate modelling and visualisation of both tidal resource and array layout enhances understanding of in-stream ti...
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This paper presents a mathematical model and testing of a free-piston Stirling Engine (SE) Heat Exchangers (HEs) using laminated woven copper wire mesh as heat transfer areas. Free-piston SE HEs consist of an assembly...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781624104077
This paper presents a mathematical model and testing of a free-piston Stirling Engine (SE) Heat Exchangers (HEs) using laminated woven copper wire mesh as heat transfer areas. Free-piston SE HEs consist of an assembly of three key components, namely, the heater, cooler and regenerator generally referred to as regenerative heat exchanger. Senda and Dobson investigated the thermo-fluid characteristics of a regenerative compact heat exchanger using woven copper wire mesh as heat transfer medium in a uni-directional flow regime. A lumped parameter modeling was used to describe the thermo-fluid dynamic behaviour of the as designed regenerative heat exchanger in a fluctuating flow regime. Emphasis was placed on the third order approach, the so-called lumped parameter modeling of a Free-piston SE heat exchanger. In order to validate the SE heat exchanger theoretical model, Senda and Dobson conducted a preliminary experimental investigation tha gave results for a uni-directional flow data measurements, thereafter a main testing phase was carried out in fluctuating flow regime experimental investigation as discussed in this paper. Results obtained from the preliminary phase of experiments were used as a reference to validate the theoretical model that predict the heat exchanger heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops. During the preliminary phase of experiments, a deviation in the predicted results compared to the experimental results was noted. This deviation of the predicted results was due to a lack of published information and little progress made in attempts to analytically or numerically predict the heat transfer coefficients and friction factors for heat exchangers using woven wire mesh. Senda and Dobson adjusted a regenerative heat exchanger theoretical model so that it simulated the experimental heat exchanger characteristic parameters in a uni-directional flow regime. This was done by identifying the flow and geometrical variables influencing the regenerative
Wetting paths imparted by the natural environment and/or human activities affect the state of soils in the near-surface, promoting transitions across different regimes of saturation. This paper discusses a set of tech...
Wetting paths imparted by the natural environment and/or human activities affect the state of soils in the near-surface, promoting transitions across different regimes of saturation. This paper discusses a set of techniques aimed at quantifying the role of hydrologic processes on the hydro-mechanical stability of soil specimens subjected to saturation events. Emphasis is given to the mechanical conditions leading to coupled flow/deformation instabilities. For this purpose, energy balance arguments for three-phase systems are used to derive second-order work expressions applicable to various regimes of saturation. Controllability analyses are then performed to relate such work input with constitutive singularities that reflect the loss of strength under coupled and/or uncoupled hydro-mechanical forcing. A suction-dependent plastic model is finally used to track the evolution of stability conditions in samples subjected to wetting, thus quantifying the growth of the potential for coupled failure modes upon increasing degree of saturation. These findings are eventually linked with the properties of the field equations that govern pore pressure transients, thus disclosing a conceptual link between the onset of coupled hydro-mechanical failures and the evolution of suction with time. Such results point out that mathematical instabilities caused by a non-linear suction dependent behaviour play an important role in the advanced constitutive and/or numerical tools that are commonly used for the analysis of geomechanical problems in the unsaturated zone, and further stress that the relation between suction transients and soil deformations is a key factor for the interpretation of runaway failures caused by intense saturation events.
Emergency often create panic and stress in crowd. The human emotional transition between normal to panic state is due to extreme event which is beyond control. In the past, crowd behavior models for emergency evacuati...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509016372
Emergency often create panic and stress in crowd. The human emotional transition between normal to panic state is due to extreme event which is beyond control. In the past, crowd behavior models for emergency evacuation being studied are aircraft emergency evacuation, emotional ant based, behavior based real time evacuation and many more which is related to the behavior and life like. They are different types of approached used to model crowd to be the same as the real world such as mathematical and heuristic approaches. mathematical approach is accurate however in modellinghumanbehaviour which is complex in terms of behavior (emotions), cognitive and appraisal, heuristic approach is preferred. In defining human behavior (emotions) in a real world, fuzzy logic approach is chosen to be incorporated into an intelligent agent based on emotions and stress theory. Within this paper we intend to outline our proposed model with extracting data from the real world video into fuzzy rules in producing real life crowd evacuation modelling.
Exoskeletons are a special type of collaborative robot that can be thought of as a humanoid robot clung to a human body (or a pilot). The proposed powered exoskeleton/robot is a 3 Degree of Freedom (DoF) robot and it ...
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Antimicrobial nanocomposite silver (Ag) coated LDPE films were developed using a number of surface treatments to enhance attachment of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and reduce potential migration of NPs into food. The migrat...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789077381922
Antimicrobial nanocomposite silver (Ag) coated LDPE films were developed using a number of surface treatments to enhance attachment of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and reduce potential migration of NPs into food. The migration of NPs into food has caused concern regarding the safety of NP food packaging, mainly surrounding human exposure and potential toxicity. Due to the complexity of the NP migration mechanisms, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were investigated as an alternative methodology to conventional mathematical models for migration prediction. Two ANNs were investigated;generalised regression neural network (GRNN) and multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN). The migration of total Ag from an experimental AgNP coated LDPE food packaging material following incubation for two storage conditions was found to range from 1.1 - 72 μg/dm2. Twenty percent of the dataset from the migration experiments was excluded from the ANN training set to allow for the model to be validated. Both ANNs were found to predict migration with R2 values ranging from 0.76 - 0.91 (GRNN) and 0.76 - 0.94 (MLPNN).
In this study, we use BSim, an agent-based computational modelling framework, to investigate in-silico the behaviour of multiple engineered cell populations in microfluidic chemostats with various geometries.
ISBN:
(纸本)9781785613616
In this study, we use BSim, an agent-based computational modelling framework, to investigate in-silico the behaviour of multiple engineered cell populations in microfluidic chemostats with various geometries.
Pneumatic conveying is widely used in industry for bulk material handling and extensive research has been carried out into various aspect of the field. An area that has not been so thoroughly researched is the effect ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781922107886
Pneumatic conveying is widely used in industry for bulk material handling and extensive research has been carried out into various aspect of the field. An area that has not been so thoroughly researched is the effect that moisture has on materials when they are pneumatically conveyed. Decisions about the suitability of a damp material for pneumatic conveying are typically made on an ad hoc basis using intuition and judgement which can sometimes lead to operating problems later. This paper describes research that seeks to provide an analytical basis for making such design decisions. The paper describes bench test apparatus that has been used to simulate the conditions in a pneumatic conveying pipe bend so that the build-up process can be closely observed. This has enabled the factors that affect the build-up mechanism to be understood and quantified. Initial results presented in this paper may provide the basis of a mathematical model that relates particle size distribution, particle density and the maximum moisture content at which a material can be reliably pneumatically conveyed without material building up in the pipeline.
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