This paper is presenting a software development for simulating and processing thermometry data. The motivation of this research is the miniaturization of actuators attached to human body which allow frequent temperatu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424492701
This paper is presenting a software development for simulating and processing thermometry data. The motivation of this research is the miniaturization of actuators attached to human body which allow frequent temperature measurements and improve the medical diagnosis procedures related to circadian dynamics.
A human-inspired Robotic Exoskeleton (HuREx) gait trainer which utilizes an antagonistic pair of pneumatic muscle actuators (PMAs) has been developed. An accurate and robust control system with high bandwidth is neede...
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A human-inspired Robotic Exoskeleton (HuREx) gait trainer which utilizes an antagonistic pair of pneumatic muscle actuators (PMAs) has been developed. An accurate and robust control system with high bandwidth is needed to enable clinical testing of the HuREx on patients. This paper presents two papers implemented on the redeveloped robotic platform. One is an impedance based controller. The other is a robust sliding mode controller. Trajectory tracking tests with SMC showed faster tracking performance with good accuracy compared to the impedance based controller. Robustness of the SMC is also investigated with deliberately introduced modelling inaccuracy, through perturbations in the model parameters. This is used to show that the system can react when there are uncertainties in the real system, such as when a real patient is wearing the device. The contribution of this research is to demonstrate that a robust SMC can accurately and robustly control the HuREx device in the range required for gait rehabilitation.
Exoskeletons are a special type of collaborative robot that can be thought of as a humanoid robot clung to a human body (or a pilot). The proposed powered exoskeleton/robot is a 3 Degree of Freedom (DoF) robot and it ...
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Exoskeletons are a special type of collaborative robot that can be thought of as a humanoid robot clung to a human body (or a pilot). The proposed powered exoskeleton/robot is a 3 Degree of Freedom (DoF) robot and it relies on DC motors to apply the necessary joint torques which in turn require an input to drive these motors. Using Euler-Lagrange dynamics, dynamic model of this robot is developed that provides a mathematical relations among joint torques, joint angles and torque at the end effector. Force sensors at the wrist compute the desired input torque at the end effector; this dynamic model then maps the input torque to the respective joint torques that can produce the desired input torque at the end effector.
The paper analyses the analytical models of fatigue and their applicability for using natural user interfaces (NUI). For evaluation of eye fatigue we use a gaze speller as an example of NUI system for text input with ...
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The paper analyses the analytical models of fatigue and their applicability for using natural user interfaces (NUI). For evaluation of eye fatigue we use a gaze speller as an example of NUI system for text input with human gaze and eye tracking device. We use the system to evaluate the state and performance of the users in performing the text entry task as well as to analyse dynamical changes of the user's state (such as induced by fatigue) over time. The results suggest validity of classical model of muscle fatigue suggested by Banister et al. in the sports medicine domain.
Wearable robots, such as exoskeletons, interact closely with the wearer. To this end, mechanical features are combined with control techniques to transparently follow human movements. Such expected behaviour depends o...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509032884
Wearable robots, such as exoskeletons, interact closely with the wearer. To this end, mechanical features are combined with control techniques to transparently follow human movements. Such expected behaviour depends on special project requirements, safety being the most critical one. According to the literature, the modular robot design approach provides flexible and yet robust solutions that meets stakeholder requirements. The semi-formal design approach has been exploited by the scientific community to specifically focus on requirements definition. In this perspective, Goal Oriented Requirement engineering (GORE) has been used as a tool for different systems; however, it has been more widely adopted in software rather than in hardware engineering. In this paper, GORE is adopted, with the KAOS tool, to fully exploit the integrated design of a modular exoskeleton - an adaptive mechatronic system. The balance of requirements with user safety constraints are analysed to advance in the project initial steps. It is shown that, although requirement modelling requires of an initial effort from the designer regarding goals formulation, the proposed approach provides a more comprehensive system overview and documentation. Finally, the adoption of a semi-formal language justifies why a modular exoskeleton is a good choice when design at meeting stakeholder requirements and improving user experience.
Quad copters are VTOL aerial robot systems and has complex dynamics in spite of its simple design. In the present work, a quadcopter of plus configuration is assembled and its flight characteristics are experimentally...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509006137
Quad copters are VTOL aerial robot systems and has complex dynamics in spite of its simple design. In the present work, a quadcopter of plus configuration is assembled and its flight characteristics are experimentally studied. To stabilize the system during its flight a KK multicopter platform is used. Flight stabilization is done and data of motor input voltage is acquired using a arducopter flight board. The flight dynamics of such a system is briefly explained in Part I of this paper. In this paper the numerical simulation of such a quad copter is done using Matlab Simulink. The work includes motor dynamics and the nonlinearities involved in the governing equations. The voltage data acquired during the flight of the experimental system is given as an input and its motion control analysis is done. The results of the experiments and developed mathematical model are compared. They are fairly in agreement with each other which validate the present model. This is a first step in automating the VTOL aerial robot system avoiding human dependence in any form which will be the scope of future work.
This paper presents a comparative analysis of two non-linear estimation techniques namely high-gain observer (HGO) and super-twisting sliding mode observer (STSMO) when applied for output feedback model-based control ...
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This paper presents a comparative analysis of two non-linear estimation techniques namely high-gain observer (HGO) and super-twisting sliding mode observer (STSMO) when applied for output feedback model-based control of the Quad-copter. Under the restriction that absolute position w.r.t initial frame and attitude angles are available while remaining velocities are estimated on-line. Adaptive Sliding mode control was developed and implemented as a control scheme for the closed-loop system to handle not only the aero-dynamic parameter uncertainties, external disturbances and modelling in-accuracies but also to improve performance and reliability of the Quad-copter flight. The performance of the non-linear observers are evaluated in terms of their closed-loop behaviour, ability to cope with model imperfections and process uncertainties such as measurement errors and uncertain initial conditions. Based on the simulations results a performance comparison of both observers is made with adaptive sliding mode control as control scheme.
Impaired transfer of nutrients from mother to fetus can affect pregnancy outcomes. The placenta has a complex microstructure, including the maternal intervillous space and fetal capillaries. Previous computational mod...
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Impaired transfer of nutrients from mother to fetus can affect pregnancy outcomes. The placenta has a complex microstructure, including the maternal intervillous space and fetal capillaries. Previous computational models of placental transfer either assumed a simplified idealized local geometry or were based on 2D imaging. In this study, we present a novel 3D computational model to assess the placental transfer of nutrients at the microscale in interaction with the maternal flow environment. A stack of confocal microscopy images of the placental terminal villi was collected and reconstructed. The 3D simulation framework was tested for the transport of oxygen. Preliminary results identified local stagnant zones, as well as areas of high nutrient transfer into the fetal capillaries in the most exposed branches of the villi as a result of better perfusion, combined with a smaller thickness of the tissue barrier. Overall, the current model may serve as a tool for assessing pregnancy conditions affected by inefficient nutrient transfer due to altered microscale placental morphology.
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have been largely impacted by social characteristics and humanbehaviours with the wide use of service applications in VANETs. Thus, vehicular communications can be considered as a s...
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Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have been largely impacted by social characteristics and humanbehaviours with the wide use of service applications in VANETs. Thus, vehicular communications can be considered as a social network for auto-mobiles in which drivers can share data with other neighbours. In this context, a trusted data dissemination claims our high attention. Besides the traditional public key scheme, this paper explores security issues of data dissemination through associating drivers' social relationships with vehicles in order to construct a trusted vehicular social network. Furthermore, a compositional formal approach (Performance Evaluation Process Algebra, PEPA) is introduced for performance modelling of such a network due to its outstanding features.
Designers need to understand the role of social influence between consumers as an endogenous process of shaping value systems, and within the larger framework of indirect mutual influence on value systems of both cons...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781904670742
Designers need to understand the role of social influence between consumers as an endogenous process of shaping value systems, and within the larger framework of indirect mutual influence on value systems of both consumers and designers. This paper presents the results of computational experiments on the effects of social influence on individual and systemic behaviour of modelling consumers as situated cognitive agents in a product-consumer environment. Paired experiments were performed with identical initial conditions to compare the behaviour of social agents with non-social agents. Experiment results show that social agents are more productive in consuming available products, both in terms of aggregate unit consumption and aggregate utility. But this comes at a cost of individual average utility per unit consumed. In effect, social interaction achieved higher productivity by 'lowering the standards' of individual consumers. While still at an early stage of development, such an agent-based model laboratory is shown to be an effective research tool to investigate rich collective behaviour in the context of demanding cognitive tasks such as design innovation.
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