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New Prospects of optical Wireless Communication Systems Exploiting VCSEL-Based Transmitters

JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2025年第4期43卷 1615-1624页

作者： Gilli, L. Cossu, G. Ciaramella, E. Scuola Super Sant Anna I-56124 Pisa Italy

In the last decades, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) emerged as a dominant technology for shortreach high-data rate networks thanks to several advantageous features. These include low power consumption, high modulation speeds, low costs, and compact size. More recently, these inherent characteristics of the VCSELs have also made them exceptionally suited for a variety of optical Wireless Communication (OWC) applications, particularly for short-distance links, up to a few meters. This paper reviews a range of new and promising applications for VCSELs within emerging OWC domains: data centers (DCs), space, and harsh environment. We present and discuss different VCSEL-based OWC systems that were designed, implemented, and tested in these emerging scenarios. For the DCs scenario, we present a novel approach to establish OWC links able to reach data rates up to 40 Gbit/s with a single VCSEL. In the space environment, innovative OWC systems can support data communication among electronic elements placed in line-of-sight outside the spacecraft or inside a small satellite. VCSELs can be also exploited for data transmission in the very harsh environment of high-energy physics experiments. Here, a 10 Gbit/s OWC system was designed for the Board-to-Board (B2B) link in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. Since space and HEP applications exhibit extreme conditions, the OWC systems and, particularly, the VCSELs were tested to assess their behavior under strong mechanical, thermal, and radiation stress.

关键词： Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers optical receivers optical fibers optical fiber communication optical transmitters Wireless communication Stimulated emission optical fiber cables Bandwidth Radio frequency data-center network free-space optics vertical cavity surface emitting wireless communication

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A 1.54pJ/b 64Gb/s 16-QAM Intradyne Coherent optical Receiver in 28nm CMOS 72

A 1.54pJ/b 64Gb/s 16-QAM Intradyne Coherent Optical Receiver...

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72nd IEEE International Solid-State Circuits conference, ISSCC 2025

作者： Abdelrahman, Ahmed E. Younis, Mohamed Badr Selim, Mohamed Osama Aly, Mohamed Saad Khalil, Mahmoud A. Hanumolu, Pavan Kumar University of Illinois UrbanaIL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541019

As the demand for high-speed data transmission within data centers continues to grow, scaling existing short-reach optical links that rely on noncoherent formats like on-off keying and PAM-4 will become increasingly difficult or even unfeasible. Coherent detection systems, particularly those using higher-order modulation formats such as 16-QAM, offer significantly greater data throughput but require advanced digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for precise polarization, phase, and symbol timing recovery. Although these DSP techniques are effective, they lead to considerable power consumption, which poses challenges for integration within the power constraints of short-reach applications [1]. This has sparked a growing interest in low-complexity analog-based coherent receivers, with various QPSK receiver architectures being reported [2-4]. While 16-QAM theoretically doubles the data rate compared to QPSK, this potential remains largely untapped due to the challenges in achieving high-linearity signal processing and carrier phase recovery. The existing QPSK techniques are insufficient for 16-QAM, necessitating the development of new architectural solutions. In this paper, we present a 16-QAM receiver that uses an analog carrier phase recovery loop (CPR) based on a novel phase detector (PD), achieving robust operation with an impressive energy efficiency of 1.54pJ/b. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： optical links

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metro and data center optical networks and short-reach links IV

Metro and Data Center Optical Networks and Short-Reach Links...

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metro and data center optical networks and short-reach links IV 2021

ISBN: (纸本)9781510642591

The proceedings contain 15 papers. The topics discussed include: multi-Tb/s photonic transceivers for metro optical network connectivity evolution;high temperature AlGaInAs-based 25G DML-DFB lasers operating in O-band for data center use;evaluation of low-complexity digital coherent receivers for short-reach transmission systems;photonic integrated nodes for next-generation metro optical networks;development of optical coupling technologies for Si-photonics-die embedded package substrate;global insights into the key technology enabling the exponential growth of digital communication networks;the path to 1Tb/s and beyond datacenter interconnect networks: technologies, components and subsystems;enabling service provisioning and quality maintenance in sliceable optical networks;and recent trends in coherent free-space optical communications.

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metro and data center optical networks and short-reach links III

Metro and Data Center Optical Networks and Short-Reach Links...

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metro and data center optical networks and short-reach links III 2020

ISBN: (纸本)9781510633797

The proceedings contain 23 papers. The topics discussed include: simplified optical transceivers for stokes-vector transmission systems;56 Gbaud PAM4 real time optical datacom link;enabling low-cost, high-volume production compatible terabit transceivers with up to 1.6 Tbps capacity and 100 Gbps per lane PAM4 modulation for intra-data center optical interconnects up to 2 km: the TERIPHIC project approach;programmable transmission systems using coherent detection enabling multi-Tb/s Interfaces for IT-communications convergence in optical networks;high-speed optical wireless links for datacenters;system aspects of the next-generation data-center networks based on 200G per lambda IMDD links;and high-speed optical devices and packaging techniques for data centers.

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metro and data center optical networks and short-reach links II

Metro and Data Center Optical Networks and Short-Reach Links...

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metro and data center optical networks and short-reach links II 2019

ISBN: (纸本)9781510625341

The proceedings contain 22 papers. The topics discussed include: 2.24 Tbit/s PAM-4 transmission by an InAs/InP quantum dot mode-locked laser;digital-coherent PSK Y-00 quantum stream cipher for secure fiber-optic transmission;novel network architecture enabling quasi-nyquist wavelength-division multiplexing;experiment-based detection of service disruption attacks in optical networks using data analytics and unsupervised learning;ROF-OFDM system within terahertz-wave frequency range from 350GHz to 510GHz;and supporting QoE/QoS-aware end-to-end network slicing in future 5G-enabled optical networks.

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Research on air interface interference recognition in mobile communication networks based on LSTM autoencoder 5

Research on air interface interference recognition in mobile...

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5th International conference on Signal Processing and Computer Science, SPCS 2024

作者： Sun, Hongwei Hu, Mingwei Wang, Baoji Chen, Yue Fu, Jingwen Huang, Jia Jiangsu Automation Research Institute Lianyungang222006 China National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team Coordination Center of China Beijing100094 China Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100093 China Beijing Sankuai Online Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing100102 China

ISBN: (数字)9781510686731

ISBN: (纸本)9781510686724

Due to the diverse nature of interference signals in mobile communication frequency bands, feature extraction is challenging, and the rapid and automated identification of behaviors such as illegal frequency usage and malicious interference are difficult. Moreover, evaluating the precise impact of interference signals on communication networks is challenging. In response to this problem, this paper proposes an air interface interference recognition technology for communication links based on base station measurement reporting data. It constructs an interference recognition model to achieve automatic interference identification and evaluates the accuracy of interference recognition. On the base station side, this paper utilizes channel measurement data such as signal strength, signal quality, and signal-to-noise ratio exported by the base station. It uses a Long short-Term Memory (LSTM) autoencoder model to learn normal signal patterns for interference discrimination and evaluates the impact of interference on communication networks. This method achieves precise identification of fixed-frequency interference on the base station side and evaluates the impact of interference on communication networks. Experimental results show that the base station-side approach achieves an F1 score of 0.99 in identifying fixed-frequency interference, outperforming One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Isolation Forest (IForest) methods under similar conditions. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Base stations

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System aspects of the next-generation data-center networks based on 200G per lambda IMDD links 3

System aspects of the next-generation data-center networks b...

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conference on metro and data center optical networks and short-reach links III

作者： Wei, Jinlong Calabro, Stefano Rahman, Talha Stojanovic, Nebojsa Huawei Technol Duesseldorf GmbH European Res Ctr Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510633803

Following the standardization of 400 Gigabit Ethernet for data center networks (DCN), the industry will need 800 Gigabit or 1.6 Terabit pluggable modules soon after 2020. 200G per lambda directly detected links are very promising solutions to achieve the best trade-off between cost, size, and power. This paper investigates the challenges of 200G per lambda in DCN, due to the component bandwidth and noise limitations, and shows the technical feasibility enabled by advanced modulation formats and digital signal processing.

关键词： 800 Gigabit Ethernet data center networks optical fiber communications intensity modulation and direct detection advanced modulations link power budget digital signal processing

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Large-scale optical node architecture enabling spectral-efficiency maximization in ultra-dense WDM networks

Large-scale optical node architecture enabling spectral-effi...

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conference on metro and data center optical networks and short-reach links

作者： Yamaoka, Shuhei Hashimoto, Ryota Mori, Yojiro Hasegawa, Hiroshi Sato, Ken-ichi Nagoya Univ Chikusa Ku Furo Cho Nagoya Aichi 4648601 Japan

We analyze the maximum transmission distance and hop count of M-QAM signals, where link and node transmission characteristics are jointly considered. With the modulation format optimally determined by the analyses, sp... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781510616066

ISBN: (纸本)9781510616066

关键词： Large-scale optical node ultra-dense wavelength-division multiplexing wavelength-selective switch

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High-speed optical wireless links for datacenters 3

High-speed optical wireless links for datacenters

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conference on metro and data center optical networks and short-reach links III

作者： Cossu, G. Ertunc, E. Gilli, L. Messa, A. Sturniolo, A. Wajahat, A. Ciaramella, E. Scuola Super Sant Anna Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781510633803

We experimentally demonstrate up to 40 Gbit/s optical wireless communication (OWC) systems made of commercial off-the-shelf components (COTS). The OWC systems use Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) or adaptive Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), do not need active alignment and are designed to provide high-speed wireless connectivity in data-centers (DCs) or similar environments.

关键词： Free-space optics wireless communication vertical cavity surface emitting laser data-center network

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The best modulation format for 100G short reach and metro networks: DMT, PAM-4, CAP or Duobinary?

The best modulation format for 100G short reach and Metro ne...

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conference on metro and data center optical networks and short-reach links

作者： Zhang, Junwen Shi, Jianyang Yu, Jianjun ZTE Tx Inc 65 Madison Ave Morristown NJ 07960 USA Fudan Univ Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781510616066

ISBN: (纸本)9781510616066

To meet the increasing bandwidth demand for rapidly growing data flow from the wide spreading multimedia services, broadband Internet, and cloud services, 100G and even beyond data transmission based on compact and low-cost transceivers have been intensively studied in short-reach links, access, inter data-center-interconnections, metro and regional networks. For these systems, direct-detection is more attractive due to the lower system cost and power consumption. In this paper, we review four advanced modulation formats including pulse amplitude modulation-4 (PAM-4), carrier-less amplitude and phase modulation-16 QAM (CAP-16), discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S OFDM) and Duobinary with low-cost direct detection in 100 Gb/s/lambda short-reach and metro optical transmission systems. These modulation formats are all experimentally demonstrated with similar digital signal processing algorithms. Three kinds of chromatic dispersion (CD) compensation ways named pre-CD method, single sideband (SSB) and dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) are also compared. Two types of modulators including IQ modulator and dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DDMZM) are employed to generate SSB or pre-CD signal in this experiment and their transmission performance is also evaluated. To further to improve the spectrum efficiency and reduce the cost, we also present a detailed comparison of applying three advanced modulation formats including pulse amplitude modulation-8 (PAM-8), carrier-less amplitude and phase modulation-64 QAM (CAP-64), and discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S OFDM) with a bandwidth-limited direct-detection receiver for 100 Gb/s/lambda optical transmission systems. The comparison is carried out to evaluate the performance of each modulation format in terms of nonlinear equalization, received optical power and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR).

关键词： digital signal processing high spectrum efficiency super-Nyquist coherent optical transmission

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