The transfer of live media streams such as video and audio over the Internet is subject to several problems, static and dynamic by nature. Important quality of service (QoS) parameters do not only differ between vario...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819435872
The transfer of live media streams such as video and audio over the Internet is subject to several problems, static and dynamic by nature. Important quality of service (QoS) parameters do not only differ between various receivers depending on their network access, service provider, and nationality, the QoS is also variable in time. Moreover the installed receiver base is heterogeneous with respect to operating system, browser or client software, and browser version. We present a new concept for serving live media streams. It is no longer based on the current one-size-fits all paradigm, where the server offers just one stream. Our compresslet system takes the opposite approach: it builds media streams 'to order' and 'just in time'. Every client subscribing to a media stream uses a servlet loaded into the media server to generate a tailored data stream for his resources and constraints. The server is designed such that commonly used components for media streams are computed once. The compresslets use these prefabricated components, code additional data if necessary, and construct the data stream based on the dynamical available QoS and other client constraints. A client-specific encoding leads to resource-optimal presentation that is especially useful for the presentation of complex multimedia documents on a variety of output devices.
Despite evidence of rising popularity of video on the web (or vow), little is known about how users access video. However, such a characterization can greatly benefit the design of multimedia systems such as web video...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819435872
Despite evidence of rising popularity of video on the web (or vow), little is known about how users access video. However, such a characterization can greatly benefit the design of multimedia systems such as web video proxies and VOW servers. Hence, this paper presents an analysis of trace data obtained from an ongoing VOW experiment in Lulea University of Technology, Sweden. This experiment is unique as video material is distributed over a high bandwidth network allowing users to make access decisions without the network being a major factor. Our analysis revealed a number of interesting discoveries regarding user VOW access. For example, accesses display high temporal locality: several requests for the same video title often occur within a short time span. Accesses also exhibited spatial locality of reference whereby a small number of machines accounted for a large number of overall requests. Another finding was a browsing pattern where users preview the initial portion of a video to find out if they are interested. If they like it, they continue watching, otherwise they halt it. This pattern suggests that caching the first several minutes of video data should prove effective. Lastly the analysis shows that, contrary to previous studies, ranking of video titles by popularity did not fit a Zipfian distribution.
Current media servers do not provide the generality required to easily integrate arbitrary isochronous processing algorithms into streams of continuous media. Specifically, present day video server architectures prima...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819435872
Current media servers do not provide the generality required to easily integrate arbitrary isochronous processing algorithms into streams of continuous media. Specifically, present day video server architectures primarily focus on disk and network strategies for efficiently managing available resources under stringent QoS guarantees. However, they do not fully consider the problems of integrating the wide variety of algorithms required for interactive multimedia applications. Examples of applications benefiting from a more flexible server environment include watermarking, encrypting or scrambling streams, visual VCR operations, and multiplexing or demultiplexing of live presentations. In this paper, eve detail the MediaMesh architecture for integrating arbitrary isochronous processing algorithms into general purpose media servers. Our framework features a programming model through which user-written modules can be dynamically loaded and interconnected in self-managing graphs of stream processing components. Design highlights include novel techniques for distributed stream control, efficient buffer management and QoS management. To demonstrate its applicability, we have implemented the MediaMesh architecture in the context of a commercial video server. We illustrate the viability of the architecture through performance data collected from four processing modules that were implemented to facilitate new classes of applications on our video server.
With rapid progress in both computers and networks, real-time multimedia applications are now possible on the Internet. Since the Internet was designed to support traditional applications, multimedia applications on t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819435872
With rapid progress in both computers and networks, real-time multimedia applications are now possible on the Internet. Since the Internet was designed to support traditional applications, multimedia applications on the Internet often suffer from unacceptable delay, jitter and data loss. Among these, data loss often has the largest impact on quality. In this paper, we propose a new forward error correction technique for video that compensates for lost packets, while maintaining minimal delay. Our approach transmits a small, low-quality redundant frame after each full-quality primary frame. In the event the primary frame is lost, we display the low-quality frame, rather than display the previous frame or retransmit the primary frame. To evaluate our approach, we simulated the effect of network data loss on MPEG video clips and repaired the data loss by using redundancy frames. We conducted user studies that experimentally measured users' opinions on the quality of the video streams in the presence of data loss, both with and without our redundancy approach. In addition, we analyzed the system overhead incurred by the redundancy. We find that video redundancy can greatly improve the perceptual quality of video in the presence of network data loss. The system overhead that redundancy introduces is dependent on the quality of the redundant frames, but a typical redundancy overhead will be approximately 10% that of the original frames.
The recent popularity in the use of multimedia software and applications is creating increasing demand on the Internet to support quality of service (QoS). The problems of most concern in the next-generation Internet ...
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To survive in the "world-wide-wait" Internet environment, web surfers are often forced to tradeoff Web object quality for bandwidth by turning off the graphics or Java related objects through the browser con...
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Multi-criteria QoS routing has been regarded by researchers as a vital mechanism to support multimedia communications. Unfortunately, finding a qualified path meeting the multiple criteria is indeed a very difficult p...
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Future wireless networks promise multimedia communication and computing services for both fixed and mobile users. One of the most important challenges of wireless multimedia service for mobile users is maintaining a g...
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Future wireless networks promise multimedia communication and computing services for both fixed and mobile users. One of the most important challenges of wireless multimedia service for mobile users is maintaining a guaranteed quality of service over end-to-end connections with multiple mobile endpoints. In this paper, we describe a new handoff routing scheme that supports multimedia traffic in a connection-oriented mobile network, such as Mobile ATM. We analyze and compare the performance of the new scheme with respect to three related handoff rerouting schemes for connection-oriented wireless networks. The new technique shows a superior performance in route efficiency and bandwidth consumption for all traffic types, and a smaller handoff delay for delay sensitive traffic.
Technological advances in processor power, networking, telecommunications and multimedia are stimulating the development of applications requiring parallel and distributed computing. This new perspective is enticing r...
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Technological advances in processor power, networking, telecommunications and multimedia are stimulating the development of applications requiring parallel and distributed computing. This new perspective is enticing research into new design methodologies that view the software as an "intelligent" collection of agents that interact by coordinating knowledge-based processes. We present an actor-based workflow architecture that would fit naturally into distributed heterogeneous environments. The actors combine object-oriented and functional programming in order to make the management of concurrency easier for the user.
In the paper, we propose the pause-and-run approach for k-stream (PARK) multimedia presentations over the Internet to achieve reliable transmission of continuous media. The main characteristics of the PARK approach ar...
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In the paper, we propose the pause-and-run approach for k-stream (PARK) multimedia presentations over the Internet to achieve reliable transmission of continuous media. The main characteristics of the PARK approach are as follows: (i) to achieve reliable transmission of continuous media, PARK adopts TCP instead of UDP; (ii) since the slow-start scheme is embedded in TCP, a novel flow adaptation scheme is proposed to reduce the overhead of the network and end hosts. The server adapts its transmission rates to the buffer situation of the client and prevents the client's buffers from overflow and underflow as much as possible; (iii) with the provision of multiple-stream synchronization and multi-level adaptation control, the client achieves smooth multimedia presentations and achieves graceful presentation degradation when the resources are insufficient.
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