The US and nations of the NATO Alliance are increasingly threatened by the global spread of terrorism, humanitarian crises/disaster response, and public health emergencies. These threats are influenced by the unpreced...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781510618183
ISBN:
(纸本)9781510618183
The US and nations of the NATO Alliance are increasingly threatened by the global spread of terrorism, humanitarian crises/disaster response, and public health emergencies. These threats are influenced by the unprecedented rise of information sharing technologies and practices, where mobile access to social networking sites is ubiquitous. In this new information environment, agile data algorithms, machine learning software, and threat alert mechanisms must be developed to automatically create alerts and drive quick response. US science and technology investments in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) and Human Agent Teaming (HAT) are increasingly focused on developing capabilities toward that end. A critical foundation of these technologies is the awareness of the underlying context to accurately interpret machine-processed warnings and recommendations. In this sense, context can be a dynamic characteristic of the operating environment and demands a multi-analytic approach In this paper, we describe US doctrine that formulates capability requirements for operations in the information environment. We then describe a promising social computing approach that brings together information retrieval strategies using multimedia sources that include text, video, and imagery. Social computing is used in this case to increase awareness of societal dynamics at various scales that influence and impact military operations in both the physical and information domains Our focus, content based information retrieval and multimedia analytics, involves the exploitation of multiple data sources to deliver timely and accurate synopses of data that can be combined with human intuition and understanding to develop a comprehensive worldview.
Communication and networking courses, especially wireless communication and networking courses, have become more and more important in many disciplines such as Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, and Computer En...
Communication and networking courses, especially wireless communication and networking courses, have become more and more important in many disciplines such as Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, and Computer Engineering. Due to costly hardware needed for communication and networking teaching laboratories, many of these courses are taught without a laboratory. In the rare cases of existing labs, such hardware based teaching labs lack the flexibility to evolve over time and adapt to different environments. Supported by a NSF TUES type II project, we have developed a series of software defined radio (SDR) based mixed signal detection laboratories for enhancing undergraduate communication and networking curricula. In our previous NSF funded CCLI project "Evolvable wireless laboratory design and implementation for enhancing undergraduate wireless engineering education", we have developed and demonstrated the first nationwide example of evolvable SDR based laboratories for three existing undergraduate courses. In this project, we are developing new lab components that can be adopted by multiple courses ranging from freshman year introductory course to senior year capstone design projects. Specifically, in this paper, we report the development of a SDR based mixed radio frequency signal detection platform with a graphical user interface (GUI). This user-friendly GUI will allow students to adjust RF parameters such as carrier frequency, symbol rate, pulse shaping filter, etc., and mix multiple RF signals together. Additionally, students are able to observe the transmitted signal in both time and frequency at both transmitter and receiver. At receiver side, the SDR based platform also provides students the functionality of performing RF signal detection via different detection methods including energy based detection, waveform based detection, and cyclostationary analysis based detection. It is shown that by exploiting sophisticated signal processing techniques such a
multimedia services are usually selected and composed for processing, analyzing and transporting multimedia data over the Internet for end-users. The selection of these services is often performed based on their reput...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469908
multimedia services are usually selected and composed for processing, analyzing and transporting multimedia data over the Internet for end-users. The selection of these services is often performed based on their reputation, which is usually computed based on the feedback provided by the users. The users' feedback bears many problems including the low incentive for providing ratings and the bias towards positive or negative ratings. To overcome the dependency on the user's feedback, this paper presents a method that dynamically computes the reputation of a multimedia service based on its association with other multimedia services in a composition task. The degree of association between any two services is computed by utilizing the statistics of how often they have been composed together, which is used in our method to show the evolution of reputation over a period of time. The experimental results demonstrate the utility of the proposed method.
This paper presents the VMedia multimedia virtualization framework, for sharing media devices among multiple virtual machines (VMs). The framework provides logical media devices, exported via a well defined, higher le...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469908
This paper presents the VMedia multimedia virtualization framework, for sharing media devices among multiple virtual machines (VMs). The framework provides logical media devices, exported via a well defined, higher level, multimedia access interface, to the applications and operating system running in a VM. By using semantically meaningful information, rather than low-level raw data, within the VMedia framework, efficient virtualization solutions can be created for physical devices shared by multiple VMs. Experimental results demonstrate that the base cost of virtual device access via VMedia is small compared to native physical device access, and in addition, that these costs scale well with an increasing number of guest VMs. Here, VMedia's MediaGraph abstraction is a key contributor, since it also allows the framework to support dynamic restructuring, in order to adapt device accesses to changing requirements. Finally, VMedia permits platforms to offer new and enhanced logical device functionality at lower costs than those achievable with alternative solutions.
This work explored mechanisms to asynchronously distribute video objects to intranet users. The primary application driver was to disseminate lecture videos created by the instructor as well as annotated videos from s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469908
This work explored mechanisms to asynchronously distribute video objects to intranet users. The primary application driver was to disseminate lecture videos created by the instructor as well as annotated videos from students. The storage requirements made remote storage mechanisms as well as local infrastructure storage impractical. Hence, we investigated the feasibility of distributing video contents from user devices. Based on the recent trend of devices going wireless, we analyzed the viability of using laptop devices. We envision a variant of RSS feed mechanism that searched for the lectures among currently available replicas. The effectiveness of this distribution mechanism depended on the total number of voluntary replicas and availability patterns of wireless devices. Using extensive analysis of the observed node behavior, we showed that though laptop users were online for shorter durations, their temporal consistency can provide reasonable availability, especially at the times of the day when students were typically active.
This paper presents an adaptive near-optimal scheduler for multimedia traffic for the 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) medium access control scheme: The scheduler exploits the ant colony optimization...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469908
This paper presents an adaptive near-optimal scheduler for multimedia traffic for the 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) medium access control scheme: The scheduler exploits the ant colony optimization (ACO) meta heuristic to tackle the challenge of packet scheduling. ACO is a biologically inspired algorithm that is known to find near-optimal solutions for combinatorial optimization problems. Thus, we expect that ACO scheduling produces more efficient schedules than comparable deterministic scheduling approaches at the expenses of a computational overhead it introduces. We compare ACO scheduling relevant deterministic scheduling approaches, and in particular the MLLF scheduler that is specifically designed for the needs of compressed multimedia applications. The purpose of the evaluation is twofold. It allows to draw conclusions on the feasibility of ACO scheduling for multimedia traffic while it serves as a benchmark to determine to what extent deterministic schedulers fall short of a near-optimal solution.
We describe a practical auditing approach designed to encourage fairness in peer-to-peer streaming. Auditing is employed to ensure that correct nodes are able to receive streams even in the presence of nodes that do n...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469908
We describe a practical auditing approach designed to encourage fairness in peer-to-peer streaming. Auditing is employed to ensure that correct nodes are able to receive streams even in the presence of nodes that do not upload enough data (opportunistic nodes), and scales well when compared to previous solutions that rely on tit-for-tat style of data exchange. Auditing involves two roles: local and global. Untrusted local auditors run on all nodes in the system, and are responsible for collecting and maintaining accountable information regarding data sent and received by each node. Meanwhile, one or more trusted global auditors periodically sample the state of participating nodes, estimate whether the streaming quality is satisfactory, and decide whether any actions are required. We demonstrate through simulation that our approach can successfully detect and react to the presence of opportunistic nodes in streaming sessions. Furthermore, it incurs low network and computational overheads, which remain fixed as the system scales.
We describe a networked video application where personalized avatars, controlled by a group of "hecklers", are overlaid on top of a real-time encoded video stream of an Internet game for multicast consumptio...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469908
We describe a networked video application where personalized avatars, controlled by a group of "hecklers", are overlaid on top of a real-time encoded video stream of an Internet game for multicast consumption. Rather than passively observing the streamed content individually, the interactivity of the controllable avatars, along with heckling voice exchange, engenders a sense of community during group viewing. We first describe how the system splits video into independent regions with and without avatars for processing in order to minimize complexity. Observing that the region with avatars is more delay-sensitive due to their interactivity, we then show that the regions can be logically packetized into separable sub-streams, and be transported and buffered with different delay requirements, so that the interactivity of the avatars can be maximized. The utility of our system extends beyond Internet game watching to general community streaming of live or pre-encoded video with visual overlays.
Next generation mobile ad-hoc applications will revolve around users' need for sharing content/presence information with co-located devices. However, keeping such information fresh requires frequent meta-data exch...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819469908
Next generation mobile ad-hoc applications will revolve around users' need for sharing content/presence information with co-located devices. However, keeping such information fresh requires frequent meta-data exchanges, which could result in significant energy overheads. To address this issue, we propose distributed algorithms for energy efficient dissemination of presence and content usage information between nodes in mobile ad-hoc networks. First, we introduce a content dissemination protocol (called CPMP) for effectively distributing frequent small meta-data updates between co-located devices using multicast. We then develop two distributed algorithms that use the CPMP protocol to achieve "phase locked" wake up cycles for all the participating nodes in the network. The first algorithm is designed for fully-connected networks and then extended in the second to handle hidden terminals. The "phase locked" schedules are then exploited to adaptively transition the network interface to a deep sleep state for energy savings. We have implemented a prototype system (called "Where-Fi") on several Motorola Linux-based cell phone models. Our experimental results show that for all network topologies our algorithms were able to achieve "phase locking" between nodes even in the presence of hidden terminals. Moreover, we achieved battery lifetime extensions-of as much as 28% for fully-connected networks and about 20% for partially-connected networks.
Media streaming has found applications in many domains such as education, entertainment, communication and video surveillance. Many of these applications require non-trivial manipulations of media streams, beyond the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819466174
Media streaming has found applications in many domains such as education, entertainment, communication and video surveillance. Many of these applications require non-trivial manipulations of media streams, beyond the usual capture/playback operations supported by typical multimedia software and tools. To support rapid development of such applications, we have designed and implemented a scripting language called Plasma. Plasma treats media streams as first-class objects, and caters to the characteristic differences between stored media files and live media streams. In this paper, we illustrate the design and features of Plasma through several small examples, and describe two example applications that we developed on top of Plasma. These two applications demonstrate that using Plasma, complex applications that compose, mix, and filter multimedia streams can be written with relatively little effort.
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