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1997 conference on multimedia computing and networking

作者： Muri, A GarciaLunaAceves, JJ Univ. of California/Santa Cruz (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424315

The Group Allocation Multiple Access (GAMA) protocol for scheduling real-time and datagram traffic in a single-channel, single-hop, packet-radio network is specified and analyzed. By maintaining a dynamically-sized cycle that changes in length depending on the amount of network traffic, GAMA is able to provide bandwidth guarantees to the members of its ''transmission group'';member stations are able to transmit real-time data at a specified rate. Each cycle contains a contention period and a group-transmission period;a station with data to send competes for the right. to be added to the transmission group by successfully completing an RTS/CTS message exchange during the contention period. Once a station is a member of the transmission group, it is able to transmit a collision-free data packet during each cycle. As long as a station has data to send, it maintains its position in the group. This can be viewed as either allowing stations to ''share the floor'' in an organized manner, or as establishing frames that are not synchronized on a slot-basis and vary their length dynamically based on demand. The throughput and average delay of GAMA are presented and analyzed.

关键词： multimedia Local area networks Promethium Radon Signal detection Computer simulations Data modeling Picosecond phenomena Process modeling Computer science

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Scheduling of multimedia traffic for continuous media in packet-switched networks

Scheduling of multimedia traffic for continuous media in pac...

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1997 conference on multimedia computing and networking

作者： Khil, A Maeng, S Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (South Korea)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424315

Many of multimedia applications in distributed systems should transmit continuous audio/video across networks when clients request. Typically, messages for continuous media in packet-switched networks are split into periodic, different sized packets with deadlines. Since clients request different typed services, traffic streams are heterogeneous. Furthermore, since the continuity of continuous media should be preserved, non-preemptive scheduling is preferred in multimedia communications. In this paper, we present a new non-preemptive scheduling algorithm which guarantees the timely delivery of more sets of messages for continuous media on a communication link connected to packet-switched networks. It schedules messages by using a heuristic based on the earliest deadline first (EDF) policy. It can always find a feasible schedule for messages which are schedulable by the EDF algorithm. We also present admission control given as sufficient conditions for a set of messages to be schedulable by the our scheduling algorithm for controlling the traffic load on a link. If a new request and the previous messages satisfy these conditions, it accepts the new request. The accepted message transmission is done like the circuit-switched transmission non-preemptively. Finally, we show the improvements in performance of our scheduling algorithm by simulation results.

关键词： multimedia traffic non-preemptive real-time scheduling packet-switched network deadline periodic first-packet-generation time feasible schedule admission control

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Network support for turn-taking in multimedia collaboration

Network support for turn-taking in multimedia collaboration

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1997 conference on multimedia computing and networking

作者： Dommel, HP GarciaLunaACeves, JJ Univ. of California/Santa Cruz (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424315

The effectiveness of collaborative multimedia systems depends on the regulation of access to their shared resources, such as continuous media or instruments used concurrently by multiple parties. Existing applications use only simple protocols to mediate such resource contention. Their cooperative rules follow a strict agenda and are largely application-specific The inherent problem of floor control lacks a systematic methodology. This paper presents a general model on floor control for correct, scalable, fine-grained and fair resource sharing that integrates user interaction with network conditions (Quality-of-Service), and adaptation to various media types. The notion of turn-taking known from psycholinguistics in studies on discourse structure is adapted for this framework. Viewed as a computational analogy to speech communication, online collaboration revolves around dynamically allocated access permissions called floors. The control semantics of floors derives from concurrency control methodology. An explicit specification and verification of a novel distributed Floor Control Protocol (FCP) are presented. Hosts assume sharing roles that allow for efficient dissemination of control information, agreeing on a floor holder which is granted mutually exclusive access to a resource. Performance analytic aspects of floor control protocols are also briefly discussed.

关键词： floor control multimedia collaboration Quality-of-service adaptation resource sharing turn-taking

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Active multicast service architecture for user customized multimedia data transmission over ATM networks

Active multicast service architecture for user customized mu...

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1997 conference on multimedia computing and networking

作者： Li, HY Pung, HK Ngoh, LH NATL UNIV SINGAPORE DEPT INFORMAT SYST & COMP SCIMULTIMEDIA SYST RES LABSINGAPORE 119260SINGAPORE

ISBN: (纸本)0819424315

This paper proposes' a new ATM multicast scheme within the framework of an Active Multicast Service Architecture (AMSA) that supports user customization of multicast service. The customization is achieved by injecting and invoking user specific programs to shared network resources such as routers and switches. The multicast scheme also allows dynamic joining and (or) leaving of members of different capabilities and quality of service requirements. A prototype of the multicast scheme was developed to verify the major functions of the AMSA and to demonstrate the feasibility of customizing network services within the active service architectural framework. The prototype supports QOS negotiation, non-uniform links QOS, resource reservation and filter program injection. The development platform used consists of virtual ATM switches (implemented as light-weight threads in four workstations for simulating real ATM switches) interconnected via a real FORE ATM switch. The data links between these virtual switches are AAL-5 virtual circuits that enable actual QOS reservation. The signaling of the virtual switches is implemented via CORBA links connecting the CORBA daemons residing in the virtual switches. Experimental results show that the prototype of ATM multicast scheme is efficient and flexible in satisfying the requirements of heterogeneous users.

关键词： ATM multicast active network multimedia communication CORBA network simulation

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The WWWinda Orchestrator: A mechanism for coordinating distributed flocks of Java applets

The WWWinda Orchestrator: A mechanism for coordinating distr...

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1997 conference on multimedia computing and networking

作者： Gutfreund, YS Nicol, JR Distributed Multimedia Applications Group GTE Laboratories Incorporated 40 Sylvan Road 02254 MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)0819424315

The WWWinda Orchestrator is a simple but powerful tool for coordinating distributed Java applets. Loosely derived from the Linda programming language [4,5,13] developed by David Gelernter and Nicholas Carriero of Yale, WWWinda implements a distributed shared object space called TupleSpace where applets can post, read, or permanently store arbitrary Java objects. In this manner, applets can easily share information without being aware of the underlying communication mechanisms. WWWinda is very useful for orchestrating flocks of distributed Java applets. Coordination events can be posted to WWWinda TupleSpace and used to orchestrate the actions of remote applets. Applets can easily share information via the TupleSpace. The technology combines several functions in one simple metaphor: distributed web objects, remote messaging between applets, distributed synchronization mechanisms, object-oriented database, and a distributed event signaling mechanism. WWWinda can be used as a platform for implementing shared VRML environments, shared groupware environments, controlling remote devices such as cameras, distributed Karaoke, distributed gaming, and shared audio and video experiences.

关键词： WWW/hypermedia collaboration environments databases

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Digital contract approach for consistent and predictable multimedia information delivery in electronic commerce

Digital contract approach for consistent and predictable mul...

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1997 conference on multimedia computing and networking

作者： Konana, P Gupta, A Whinston, AB Univ. of Texas/Austin (United States) Univ. of Connecticut/Storrs (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424315

A pure ''technological'' solution to network quality problems is incomplete since any benefits from new technologies are offset by the demand from exponentially growing electronic commerce (e.g., multimedia services) and data-intensive applications. Since an economic paradigm is implicit in electronic commerce, we propose a ''market-system'' approach to improve quality of service. Quality of service for digital products takes on a different meaning since users view quality of service (e.g., price, delay, correctness, completeness) differently and value information differently. We propose a framework for electronic commerce that is based on an economic paradigm and mass-customization, and works as a wide-area distributed management system. In our framework, surrogate-servers act as intermediaries between information providers and end-users, and arrange for consistent and predictable information delivery through ''digital contracts.'' These contracts are negotiated and priced based on economic principles. Surrogate servers pre-fetch, through replication, information from many different servers and consolidate based on demand expectations. In order to recognize users' requirements and process requests accordingly, real-time databases are central to our framework. We also propose that multimedia information be separated into slowly changing and rapidly changing data streams to improve response time requirements. Surrogate-servers perform the tasks of integration of these data streams that is transparent to end-users.

关键词： economic paradigm electronic commerce multimedia real-time databases digital contracts

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Exploiting available Internet tools for multimedia applications

Exploiting available Internet tools for multimedia applicati...

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1997 conference on multimedia computing and networking

作者： Scott, A Univ. of Lancaster (United Kingdom)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424315

The rapidly increasing number of tools available on the Internet is changing the way people view software systems. People are now used to downloading plug in helper tools in order to decode and display different types of media within web browsers. The ease with which this can now be done is a far cry from the days, quite recently, when data had to be manually processed by a number of obviously independent software packages. Using the tools available to simply decode and display new data formats is only one way in which such software can be used, one could even consider a web browser as just another tool. Complete new applications could be constructed by selecting a suitable range of tools and supplying minimal glue software. This paper describes, as an example of this approach, a collaborative application supporting synchronous audio-visual communication and collaborative web browsing. The system developed is designed to make use of a wide range of freely available tools with no modification of existing web servers or clients. Alternative implementation strategies are discussed, followed by a detailed description of the approach chosen for this implementation. A technique allowing small to medium sized groups World Wide Web users to be tracked and their location to be presented to people with similar interests is then explained, followed by details of a mechanism allowing the information gained about such groups to be shared among arbitrary numbers of similar groups. Finally a brief critique of the system is presented along with ideas for future developments.

关键词： awareness collaborative browsing conferencing MBone synchronous communication World Wide Web

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An overview of the telecommunications information networking architecture

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1996年第3期8卷 135-141页

作者： Chapman, M Dupuy, F Nilsson, G FRANCE TELECOM CNETLAAEIABSAF-22301 LANNIONFRANCE ERICSSON TELECOM AB ELLEMTELATM BROADBANDS-12625 STOCKHOLMSWEDEN

The Telecommunications Information networking Architecture (TINA) Consortium is an international collaboration aiming at defining and validating an open architecture for telecommunication services for the broadband, multimedia, and information era. The architecture is based on distributed computing, object orientation, and other concepts and standards from the telecommunications and computing industries. This paper provides an introduction to TINA.

关键词： multimedia communications standards distributed processing Computer networks and techniques telecommunication services broadband networks management architecture object-oriented methods interworking service specification Object-oriented programming Distributed systems software Computer communications broadband communication information networks multimedia communication network architecture object orientation legacy systems telecommunication computing distributed computing computing industry open architecture tool-set telecommunication network management TINA consortium computing architecture telecommunication standards Network management telecommunications industry service design Telecommunications Information networking Architecture service architecture information era open systems Communications computing international collaboration

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multimedia wireless networking

Multimedia wireless networking

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conference on multimedia computing and networking 1996

作者： Jain, R Alwan, A Gerla, M Kleinrock, L Villasenor, J Belzer, B Boring, B Molloy, S Nazareth, S Siqueira, M Short, J Tsai, J UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES SCH ENGN & APPL SCILOS ANGELESCA 90024

ISBN: (纸本)0819420417

Current wireless network systems (e.g. metropolitan cellular) are constrained by fixed bandwidth allocations and support only a narrow range of services (voice and low bit-rate data). To overcome these constraints and advance the state of the art in wireless multimedia communications, we are developing variable-rate video and speech compression algorithms, and wireless node architectures that will enable peer-to-peer multimedia networking even with very low bandwidth. To support this objective, each wireless node must support new applications (for multimedia), advances in networking and source coding to support multimedia under limited bandwidth conditions (wireless), advances in physical layer design to support robust, low power, high packet throughput links, low power DSP for multimedia compression, and an architectural strategy to integrate these components into an efficient node. The algorithms and architectures to support this functionality are presented here, together with some preliminary results on network performance.

关键词： multimedia networking wireless systems

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Interoperable ITV systems based on MHEG

Interoperable ITV systems based on MHEG

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conference on multimedia computing and networking 1996

作者： Cossmann, H Griwodz, C Grassel, G Puhlhofer, M Schreiber, M Steinmetz, R Wittig, H Wolf, L IBM CORP EUROPEAN NETWORKING CTRD-69115 HEIDELBERGGERMANY

ISBN: (纸本)0819420417

Today's interactive television systems are using proprietary communication protocols and interchange formats. To provide inter-operability at the application level the next generation of interactive television system will be based on standardized communication protocols, monomedia and multimedia formats. This paper presents the Globally Accessible Services (GLASS) system which is a prototype interactive television system based on the multimedia and Hypermedia Expert Group (MHEG) standard. After a brief introduction to MHEG as the multimedia interchange format between application server and set-top box in interactive television systems, the GLASS clients and servers are described, and an example scenario for navigation in the GLASS system is provided.

关键词： interactive television multimedia systems multimedia applications standards portable application

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