This paper analyzes the asymptotic performance of Maximum Likelihood (ML) channel estimation algorithms in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) scenarios. We concentrate on systems with periodic spreading se...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780370414
This paper analyzes the asymptotic performance of Maximum Likelihood (ML) channel estimation algorithms in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) scenarios. We concentrate on systems with periodic spreading sequences (period larger than or equal to the symbol span) with high spreading factors, where the transmitted signal contains a code division multiplexed pilot for channel estimation purposes. Assuming randomized training and code sequences, we derive and compare the asymptotic covariances of the training-only (TO), semi-blind conditional ML (CML) and semi-blind Gaussian ML (GML) channel estimators.
An interactive multimedia presentation in a distributed multimedia system requires synchronization of media streams, preprocessing media for content-based retrieval and low-bandwidth transmission over network, and use...
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An interactive multimedia presentation in a distributed multimedia system requires synchronization of media streams, preprocessing media for content-based retrieval and low-bandwidth transmission over network, and user interface for interacting multimedia presentations. The power of synchronization models is limited to the synchronization specifications and user interactions. We propose an event-based synchronization model that can handle time-based actions while enabling user interactions like backward and skip. For effective transmission of multimedia data, the multimedia data needs to be preprocessed. The sprite generation and moving objects segmentation can reduce the required bandwidth significantly. We propose a method for multiresolution sprite which will allow reproduction of the video at different resolutions. The object segmentation will be extracted by generating a closed boundary for the object. Since the video data may also exist in a compressed format, we also propose to extract new features from the compressed video. We will consider compressed data that is generated by Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) which has been used in MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 [8] and H263.1. The user will be provided a high-level user interface to access the contents of the presentation. We will test this integrated framework on distance education project over the Internet.
A fundamental task in video analysis is to organize and index multimedia data in a meaningful manner so as to facilitate user access for tasks such as browsing and retrieval. This paper addresses the problem of automa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819442437
A fundamental task in video analysis is to organize and index multimedia data in a meaningful manner so as to facilitate user access for tasks such as browsing and retrieval. This paper addresses the problem of automatic index generation of movie databases based on audiovisual information. In particular, given a movie we first extract key movie events including two-speaker dialog scenes, multiple-speaker dialog scenes and hybrid scenes by using the proposed window-based sweep algorithm and the K-means clustering algorithm. Following event detection, the identity of each individual speaker in a dialog scene is recognized based on a statistical maximum likelihood approach. The identification relies on the likelihood ratio calculation between the incoming speech data and Gaussian mixture models of the speakers and the background. It is evident that the event and the speaker identity information will serve as a crucial part of the movie index table. Preliminary experimental results show that, by integrating multiple media information, we can obtain robust and meaningful event detection and speaker identification results.
The problem of controlling access to multimedia multicasts requires the distribution and maintenance of keying information. The conventional approach to distributing keys is to use a channel independent of the multime...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780370414
The problem of controlling access to multimedia multicasts requires the distribution and maintenance of keying information. The conventional approach to distributing keys is to use a channel independent of the multimediacontent. We propose a second approach that involves the use of an data-dependent channel, and can be achieved for multimedia by using data embedding techniques. Using data embedding to convey rekeying messages can provide an additional layer of security when compared with the traditional approach. We then introduce multicast key distribution, and employ a recent tree-based key distribution scheme to exhibit the factors involved in transmitting keys using data embedding.
A promising class of nonlinear multiuser detectors is introduced for CDMA systems. These "iterated-decision" multiuser detectors use optimized multipass algorithms to successively cancel multiple-access inte...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780370414
A promising class of nonlinear multiuser detectors is introduced for CDMA systems. These "iterated-decision" multiuser detectors use optimized multipass algorithms to successively cancel multiple-access interference (MAI) from received data and generate symbol decisions whose reliability increases monotonically with each iteration. They significantly outperform decorrelating detectors and linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) multiuser detectors, but have the same order of computational complexity., When the ratio of the number of users to the spreading factor is below a certain threshold, iterated-decision multiuser detectors asymptotically achieve the performance of the "optimum" multiuser detector, i.e., maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding.
Web-linked Digital Video Disks provide high-quality interactive multimedia presentations and virtual laboratories with web-access for timely materials and collaboration. We present techniques for presentation, interac...
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Web-linked Digital Video Disks provide high-quality interactive multimedia presentations and virtual laboratories with web-access for timely materials and collaboration. We present techniques for presentation, interaction, and assessment. Experimental modules using these techniques have been developed using multimediasystems as content. New assessment methods allow materials to be dynamically modified to satisfy different learner backgrounds and objectives. A new software tool has been developed for gathering user statistics to best adapt the curriculum as well as evaluate the overall learning efficiency across diverse learner populations. The project is being disseminated at the University of Massachusetts, Springfield Technical Community College, Smith College, ENST/Paris and the National Technological University.
The proceedings contain 18 papers. The special focus in this conference is on QoS in the internet, multimedia streaming, multimedia multicast, Wireless networks and host mobility, TCP/IP optimization and Service devel...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783540427087
The proceedings contain 18 papers. The special focus in this conference is on QoS in the internet, multimedia streaming, multimedia multicast, Wireless networks and host mobility, TCP/IP optimization and Service development and deployment. The topics include: A platform for self-replicating web documents;architecture of QOSMIC - a QoS manager for internet connections;a QoS-Driven ISP selection mechanism for IPv6 multi-homed sites;broadcasting multimedia channels in future mobile systems;providing VCR functionality in staggered video broadcasting;a fully scalable and distributed architecture for video-on-demand;a mechanism for multicast multimedia data with adaptive QoS characteristics;bandwidth measurements of ALM trees for content distribution;a new multimedia multicast architecture for QoS;protection of fairness for multimedia traffic streams in a non-cooperative wireless LAN setting;ad hoc routing in bluetooth;an open signaling protocol for wireless host mobility;TCP/IP protocol engine system simulation;design and implementation of a transparent forward error correction coding daemon for unreliable transports;an analytical study on TCP-friendly congestion control for multimedia streams;model-based service creation in the friends project;validation of the open service access API for UMTS application provisioning and on the End-User QoS-awareness of a distributed service environment.
Video information, image processing and computer vision techniques are developing rapidly nowadays because of the availability of acquisition, processing and editing tools which use current hardware and software syste...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9061965098
Video information, image processing and computer vision techniques are developing rapidly nowadays because of the availability of acquisition, processing and editing tools which use current hardware and software systems. However, problems still remain in conveying this video data to the end users. Limiting factors are the resource capabilities in distributed architectures and the features of the users' terminals. We should think differently about building/adapting our systems especially over the web. For example, the efficient and intelligent integration use of video and audio analysis and content-based retrieval techniques could help to provide alternatives for end users in the form of short summary messages in different customized formats. Semantic analysis of video contents is a complex and compound problem. First, there is sheer amount of multimodal information involved. Second, there are temporal relationships among these different video contents in addition to the spatial relationships. Therefore, it is not just a normal pattern recognition and stationary event classification problem of available data, because we have to account for the temporal relationships and facts among the coarse events after the initial parsing and recognition and before we provide any final event classification decision. Thus, in our work, we introduce the notion of event's triggers to speed up the event semantic detection process. Each event could have one or more trigger clue either visually or acoustically. We also provide a mechanism that respects the facts of certain video domain. Another important problem is the used multimedia processing tools and algorithms efficiency. Thus, within the analysis procedure, we take into account the a priori confidence levels of the tools we use and the confidence of the tools themselves in their results. Unfortunately, most of the other related work always neglect these factors and assume guaranteed results of their tools or algorithms!. It is ex
How to facilitate efficient video manipulation and access in a web-based environment is becoming a popular trend for video applications. In this paper, we present a web-oriented video management and application proces...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819442437
How to facilitate efficient video manipulation and access in a web-based environment is becoming a popular trend for video applications. In this paper, we present a web-oriented video management and application processing system, based on our previous work on multimedia database and content-based retrieval. In particular, we extend the VideoMAP architecture with specific web-oriented mechanisms, which include: (1) Concurrency control facilities for the editing of video data among different types of users, such as Video Administrator, Video Producer, Video Editor, and Video Query Client;different users are assigned various priority levels for different operations on the database. (2) Versatile video retrieval mechanism which employes a hybrid approach by integrating a query-based (database) mechanism with content-based retrieval (CBR) functions;its specific language (CAROL/ST with CBR) supports spatiotemporal semantics of video objects, and also offers an improved mechanism to describe visual content of videos by content-based analysis method. (3) Query profiling database which records the "histories" of various clients' query activities;such profiles can be used to provide the default query template when a similar query is encountered by the same kind of users. An experimental prototype system is being developed based on the existing VideoMAP prototype system, using Java and VC++ on the PC platform.
The delivery of large files to single users, such as application programs for some versions of the envisioned network computer, or movies, is expected by many to be one of the main requirements of communication networ...
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The delivery of large files to single users, such as application programs for some versions of the envisioned network computer, or movies, is expected by many to be one of the main requirements of communication networks. This requires expensive high bandwidth capacity as well as fast and high storage servers. This motivates multimedia providers to optimize the delivery distances, as well as the electronic content allocation. A hierarchical architecture for providing the multimediacontent was introduced by Nussbaumer, Patel, Schaffa, and Sternbenz (INFOCOM 94). They also introduced the trade-off between bandwidth and storage requirements for the placement of the content servers on the hierarchy tree. They found the best level of the hierarchy for the server location to minimize the total of the costs of communication and storage. Their algorithm is centralized. We solve the more general case where servers can be located at different levels of the hierarchy. Our algorithm is distributed, and each node requires a limited memory capacity and computational power. Results for related approaches to caching design are of higher complexity. Results for related classic Operations Research problems are for centralized algorithms, mostly linear programming, that are not easy to convert into distributed algorithms. Instead, we observe that the use of dynamic programming is more natural for distributed implementations. For the specific problem at hand, we also managed to find a natural function (a generalization of the problem) that simplifies the combination operation used in dynamic programming. We also show how to map such contemporary problems to the area of classical plant location problems in Operations Research.
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