While much research has been conducted into the generation of smooth trajectories for underactuated unstable aerial vehicles such as quadrotors, less attention has been paid to the application of the same techniques t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538660263
While much research has been conducted into the generation of smooth trajectories for underactuated unstable aerial vehicles such as quadrotors, less attention has been paid to the application of the same techniques to ground based omnidirectional dynamically balancing robots. These systems have more control authority over their linear accelerations than aerial vehicles, meaning trajectory smoothness is less of a critical design parameter. However, when operating in indoor environments these systems must often adhere to relatively low velocity constraints, resulting in very conservative trajectories when enforced using existing trajectory optimisation methods. This paper makes two contributions;this gap is bridged by the extension of these existing methods to create a fast velocity constrained trajectory planner, with trajectory timing characteristics derived from the optimal minimum-time solution of a simplified acceleration and velocity constrained model. next, a differentially flat model of an omnidirectional balancing robot utilizing a collinear Mecanum drive is derived, which is used to allow an experimental prototype of this configuration to smoothly follow these velocity constrained trajectories.
Humanoid robots are a prime example for complex mechatronic systems. During the development process of such systems big challenges arise from interaction between different involved domains. In this article the develop...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617387197
Humanoid robots are a prime example for complex mechatronic systems. During the development process of such systems big challenges arise from interaction between different involved domains. In this article the development of the torque sensor concept for the nextgeneration of the humanoid robot ARMAR [1] -The demonstrator system of the collaborative research centre 588 "learning and cooperating multimodal robots" - is presented. The objectives of the development of humanoid and industrial robots strongly differ from each other. Amongst others this is due to the fact that humanoid robots are designed for safe cooperation with humans in their natural environment e.g. in the kitchen, while industrial robots still work more or less separated from their "human colleagues". Aspects like humanlike appearance and motion space are very important to provide a wide acceptance of these machines. Especially elderly people, who could benefit a lot from a robot's help, are not used to cooperate with such systems and sometimes they are even afraid. As a consequence of close cooperation between robots and humans strong safety requirements have to be considered. For example the applied forces of every joint have to be measured and controlled to prevent injuries of the human. In order to implement an efficient development and manufacturing process of the system a highly modular concept for all drive units - consisting of motor, gear box and sensor - is necessary. The similar units can then be used in different joints like the elbow or shoulder joint. To realize a humanlike appearance, which is a big challenge regarding the power density of a human, such a modular drive unit has to be extremely compact to fit into a humanlike design space. Therefore the dimensions of the torque sensor also have to be minimized. Commercial sensor systems provide excellent accuracy and sensitivity but the possibility for the integration of these sensors is strongly limited caused by their geometrical di
A Japanese National Research and Development Project aimed at realization of nextgenerationrobots and cultivation of elementary technology for advanced robots was finished successfully in 1990. An outline of the pro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780300785
A Japanese National Research and Development Project aimed at realization of nextgenerationrobots and cultivation of elementary technology for advanced robots was finished successfully in 1990. An outline of the project is given, and three robots are presented. One is for maintenance, inspection and repair in nuclear power plants; one is for similar functions in offshore oil facilities; and one is for fire-fighting, fire prevention and rescue in petrochemical facilities. All are supported by a remote operator.< >
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) represent one of the most essential directions of robotics application in the machine building industry. Integrating all of the modern complex automation facilities in such manufac...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0080334695
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) represent one of the most essential directions of robotics application in the machine building industry. Integrating all of the modern complex automation facilities in such manufacturing systems also imposes new substantial requirements with respect to robotics facilities. These include: compatibility with computers which exercise control over FMS;necessity for the expansion of robot functional capabilities;enhancement of robot performance such as reliability, speed of response, and accuracy. In solving the above tasks: the transfer to modular design;the updating and improvement of component parts;the creation of nextgenerationrobots with the developed system of sensors and;the organisation of government-supervised tests and assessment of the technical level of robotics are considered.
This paper studies a geometric-based method for smooth path generation for nonholonomic mobile robots, which are subject to dynamic and curvature constraints. It first studies polar polynomial curve and its properties...
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We try to give, with a unified presentation, an overview of the techniques we have developped to demonstrate the visual navigation of a mobile robot. They include trinocular stereovision, 3D local maps building, ego-m...
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This paper proposes a new data processing model suitable for an autonomous mobile robot, and shows an application for sensor data integration. First, the Border Distance Model is proposed and the concept of the model ...
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Industrial automation, spreading over the most of manufacturing fields, is raising the requirement of ever-increasing flexibility in the design of production systems. In addition, the complexity enhancement of tasks t...
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Much of current robot research is about learning tasks in which the task to be achieved is pre-specified, a suitable technology for the task is chosen and the learning process is then experimentally investigated. A mo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540407669
Much of current robot research is about learning tasks in which the task to be achieved is pre-specified, a suitable technology for the task is chosen and the learning process is then experimentally investigated. A more interesting research question is how can robot be provided with an architecture that would enable it to developmentally 'grow-up' and accomplish complex tasks by building on basic built-in capabilities. Previous work by the authors defined the requirements of a robot architecture that would enable this to happen - in this paper, we describe how some components of such an architecture can be achieved using an immune network model, and present preliminary results that show the plausibility of the suggested approach.
In this paper, we propose optimal trajectories of biped robots to move a staircase up and down using genetic algorithms and computed-torque controller to be dynamically stable. Firstly, in order to minimize the total ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780384636
In this paper, we propose optimal trajectories of biped robots to move a staircase up and down using genetic algorithms and computed-torque controller to be dynamically stable. Firstly, in order to minimize the total energy efficiency, the Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA)which of Operators are composed of the reproduction, crossover and mutation is used. Constraints are divided into equalities and inequalities: Equality constraints consist of position conditions at the start and end of stride period and repeatability conditions related to each joint angle and angular velocity. next, inequality constraints include the collision avoidance conditions of swing leg at the face and edge of a stair, the knee joint conditions with respect to the singular avoidance, and the zero moment point condition with respect to the stability into the going direction. Finally, in order to approximate the walking gait, each joint angle trajectory is defined as a 4-th order polynomial of which coefficients are chromosomes. In the computer simulation used 6 degree of freedom biped robot model that consists of seven links, we analyze the energy efficiency of proposed optimal trajectories about the following cases:walking a ground, ascending stairs, and descending stairs.
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