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IEEE International conference on High Performance Computing and Communications

作者： Mostafa Mehrabi Xing Fan Nasser Giacaman Oliver Sinnen Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Auckland Parallel and Reconfigurable Computing Lab

ISBN: (纸本)9781509042982

A reduction is a parallel programming mechanism for combining two or more elements into one. Many parallel programming languages, tools and frameworks (e.g., OpenMP, MPI, etc.) directly support simple forms of reductions (e.g., building a total sum out of partial sums). Some of those tools and frameworks allow more complex reductions to be implemented as custom reductions. However, the success of network-based application frameworks like Hadoop have shown that there is a strong need for reductions of aggregate data structures, such as the union of sets or maps. Usually parallel programming frameworks on shared-memory systems do not support these types of complex reductions directly, and a user needs to implement them manually. To address the gap thereof, this paper proposes an object-oriented reduction framework that supports reductions of aggregate types, and proposes the nesting of reduction objects for flexible extensions of reduction operations. Based on the proposed framework, a reduction library (RedLib) has been developed for Java with direct support for many common reduction operations on collections and maps. Furthermore, the paper studies the usage of the framework for common and complex cases and evaluates its performance, based on operations found in standard benchmarks.

关键词： object oriented reductions shared memory reductions nestable reductions aggregate reductions collections maps :

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Scalable Race Detection for Android applications 2015

Scalable Race Detection for Android Applications

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ACM SIGPLAN International conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications (OOPSLA)

作者： Bielik, Pavol Raychev, Veselin Vechev, Martin Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450336895

We present a complete end-to-end dynamic analysis system for finding data races in mobile Android applications. The capabilities of our system significantly exceed the state of the art: our system can analyze real-world application interactions in minutes rather than hours, finds errors inherently beyond the reach of existing approaches, while still (critically) reporting very few false positives. Our system is based on three key concepts: (i) a thorough happens-before model of Android-specific concurrency, (ii) a scalable analysis algorithm for efficiently building and querying the happens-before graph, and (iii) an effective set of domain-specific filters that reduce the number of reported data races by several orders of magnitude. We evaluated the usability and performance of our system on 3 5 4 real-world Android applications (e.g., Facebook). Our system analyzes a minute of end-user interaction with the application in about 2 4 seconds, while current approaches take hours to complete. Inspecting the results for 8 large open-source applications revealed 1 5 harmful bugs of diverse kinds. Some of the bugs we reported were confirmed and fixed by developers.

关键词： Data Races Happens-before Android Non-determinism

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Finding Resume and Restart Errors in Android applications

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ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 2016年第10期51卷 864-880页

作者： Shan, Zhiyong Azim, Tanzirul Neamtiu, Iulian Univ Cent Missouri Sch Comp Sci & Math Warrensburg MO 64093 USA Univ Calif Riverside Dept Comp Sci & Engn Riverside CA 92521 USA New Jersey Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Newark NJ 07102 USA

Smartphone apps create and handle a large variety of "instance" data that has to persist across runs, such as the current navigation route, workout results, antivirus settings, or game state. Due to the nature of the smartphone platform, an app can be paused, sent into background, or killed at any time. If the instance data is not saved and restored between runs, in addition to data loss, partially-saved or corrupted data can crash the app upon resume or restart. While smartphone platforms offer API support for data-saving and data-retrieving operations, the use of this API is ad-hoc: left to the programmer, rather than enforced by the compiler. We have observed that several categories of bugs-including data loss, failure to resume/restart or resuming/restarting in the wrong state-are due to incorrect handling of instance data and are easily triggered by just pressing the 'Home' or 'Back' buttons. To help address this problem, we have constructed a tool chain for Android (the KREfinder static analysis and the KREreproducer input generator) that helps find and reproduce such incorrect handling. We have evaluated our approach by running the static analysis on 324 apps, of which 49 were further analyzed manually. Results indicate that our approach is (i) effective, as it has discovered 49 bugs, including in popular Android apps, and (ii) efficient, completing on average in 61 seconds per app. More generally, our approach helps determine whether an app saves too much or too little state.

关键词： Mobile applications Software restart Data loss Static analysis Google Android App testing Reliability Verification

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K: A wide spectrum language for modeling, programming and analysis

K: A wide spectrum language for modeling, programming and an...

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International conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development (MODELSWARD)

作者： Klaus Havelund Rahul Kumar Chris Delp Bradley Clement Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California U.S.A.

ISBN: (纸本)9781509058983

The formal methods community has over the years proposed various formally founded specification languages based on predicate logic and set theory, typically with textual notations. At the same time the model-based engineering community has proposed often less formally founded languages such as UML and SysML, typically with graphical notations. Although the graphical notations have become highly popular in industry, we argue that textual notations can be attractive in many situations. We report on an effort to provide a textual notation for SysML, realized in a language named K. K supports classes, multiple inheritance, predicate logic and set theory. K contains programming constructs, and can thus be considered as a wide-spectrum modeling and programming language. We further explain the translation of a subset of this language to the input language of the SMT-LIB standard, and the application of Z3 for analysis of the generated SMT-LIB formulas. The entire effort is part of a larger effort to develop a general purpose SysML development framework for designing systems, in support of NASA's proposed 2022 mission to Jupiter's moon Europa.

关键词： Unified modeling language object oriented modeling programming Tools Analytical models Set theory

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FACADE: A Compiler and Runtime for (Almost) object-Bounded Big Data applications 15

FACADE: A Compiler and Runtime for (Almost) Object-Bounded B...

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20th International conference on Architectural Support for programming languages and Operating systems (ASPLOS)

作者： Nguyen, Khanh Wang, Kai Bu, Yingyi Fang, Lu Hu, Jianfei Xu, Guoqing Univ Calif Irvine Irvine CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450328357

The past decade has witnessed the increasing demands on data-driven business intelligence that led to the proliferation of data-intensive applications. A managed object-oriented programming language such as Java is often the developer's choice for implementing such applications, due to its quick development cycle and rich community resource. While the use of such languages makes programming easier, their automated memory management comes at a cost. When the managed runtime meets Big Data, this cost is significantly magnified and becomes a scalability-prohibiting bottleneck. This paper presents a novel compiler framework, called FACADE, that can generate highly-efficient data manipulation code by automatically transforming the data path of an existing Big Data application. The key treatment is that in the generated code, the number of runtime heap objects created for data types in each thread is (almost) statically bounded, leading to significantly reduced memory management cost and improved scalability. We have implemented FACADE and used it to transform 7 common applications on 3 real-world, already well-optimized Big Data frameworks: GraphChi, Hyracks, and GPS. Our experimental results are very positive: the generated programs have (1) achieved a 3%-48% execution time reduction and an up to 88x GC reduction;(2) consumed up to 50% less memory, and (3) scaled to much larger datasets.

关键词： Language Measurements Performance Big Data applications managed languages memory management performance optimization

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The Statistical Measurement of an object-oriented Programme Using an object oriented Metrics 3

The Statistical Measurement of an Object-Oriented Programme ...

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3rd International conference on Frontiers in Intelligent Computing - Theory and applications (FICTA)

作者： Panigrahi, Rasmita Baboo, Sarada Padhy, Neelamadhab Gandhi Inst Engn & Technol Dept Comp Sci Gunupur 765022 Odisha India Sambalpur Univ Burla Odisha India Burla Sambalpur Univ Dept Comp Sci & Applicat CSA Sambalpur Odisha India

ISBN: (纸本)9783319120126;9783319120119

object oriented design is more powerful than function oriented design. Previously the software was developed by using functional or structural approach but due to high quality demand, traditional metrics (i.e. Cyclomatic complexity, lines of code, comment percentage) cannot be applied. object oriented metric assures to reduce cost and maintenance effort by serving earlier predictors to estimate software faults. The object oriented Analysis and Design of software gives the many benefits like reusability, decomposition of problems in to easily understandable objects. This paper presents the different object oriented metrics qualities in different dimensions (i.e. size, complexity, quality, reliability, etc). object oriented metrics are used to analyze the complexity of any object oriented language (i. e. java, c++, C Sharp). In this paper we have taken the different sets of programs using C++ and Java. It concludes that Java dominants the C++. The popularity is only due to measuring the software complexity, quality and estimation size of the projects.

关键词： object-oriented Metrics object oriented programming languages (C plus plus , Java)

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Stateless Model Checking of Event-Driven applications 2015

Stateless Model Checking of Event-Driven Applications

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ACM SIGPLAN International conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications (OOPSLA)

作者： Jensen, Casper S. Moller, Anders Raychev, Veselin Dimitrov, Dimitar Vechev, Martin Aarhus Univ Dept Comp Sci DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450336895

Modern event-driven applications, such as, web pages and mobile apps, rely on asynchrony to ensure smooth end-user experience. Unfortunately, even though these applications are executed by a single event-loop thread, they can still exhibit nondeterministic behaviors depending on the execution order of interfering asynchronous events. As in classic shared-memory concurrency, this nondeterminism makes it challenging to discover errors that manifest only in specific schedules of events. In this work we propose the first stateless model checker for event-driven applications, called R4. Our algorithm systematically explores the nondeterminism in the application and concisely exposes its overall effect, which is useful for bug discovery. The algorithm builds on a combination of three key insights: (i) a dynamic partial order reduction (DPOR) technique for reducing the search space, tailored to the domain of event-driven applications, (ii) conflict-reversal bounding based on a hypothesis that most errors occur with a small number of event reorderings, and (iii) approximate replay of event sequences, which is critical for separating harmless from harmful nondeterminism. We instantiate R4 for the domain of client-side web applications and use it to analyze event interference in a number of real-world programs. The experimental results indicate that the precision and overall exploration capabilities of our system significantly exceed that of existing techniques.

关键词： Model checking partial order reduction data races web applications event-driven applications

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Introduction to Semantic Knowledge Base: Multilanguage Support of Linguistic Module

Introduction to Semantic Knowledge Base: Multilanguage Suppo...

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European Network Intelligence conference (ENIC)

作者： Marek Krótkiewicz Marcin Jodłowiec Krystian Wojtkiewicz Institute of Control and Computer Engineering Opole University of Technology Opole Poland

The following paper is a description of an approach adopted in the Semantic Knowledge Base in regard to the identification of meaning across multiple languages. The solution proposed separates the meaning from the text strings identifying it in a particular language. This solutions allows to create information collections that are subject to low risk of semantic ambiguity.

关键词： Semantics Knowledge based systems Pragmatics Databases object oriented modeling Ontologies Computer applications

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Polymorphism in the Spotlight: Studying Its Prevalence in Java and Smalltalk 23

Polymorphism in the Spotlight: Studying Its Prevalence in Ja...

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IEEE 23rd International conference on Program Comprehension ICPC

作者： Milojkovic, Nevena Caracciolo, Andrea Lungu, Mircea Filip Nierstrasz, Oscar Rothlisberger, David Robbes, Romain Univ Bern Software Composit Grp CH-3012 Bern Switzerland Univ Diego Portales Sch Informat & Telecommun Santiago Chile Univ Chile DCC PLEIAD Lab Santiago Chile

ISBN: (纸本)9781467381598

Subtype polymorphism is a cornerstone of object-oriented programming. By hiding variability in behavior behind a uniform interface, polymorphism decouples clients from providers and thus enables genericity, modularity and extensibility. At the same time, however, it scatters the implementation of the behavior over multiple classes thus potentially hampering program comprehension. The extent to which polymorphism is used in real programs and the impact of polymorphism on program comprehension are not very well understood. We report on a preliminary study of the prevalence of polymorphism in several hundred open source software systems written in Smalltalk, one of the oldest object-oriented programming languages, and in Java, one of the most widespread ones. Although a large portion of the call sites in these systems are polymorphic, a majority have a small number of potential candidates. Smalltalk uses polymorphism to a much greater extent than Java. We discuss how these findings can be used as input for more detailed studies in program comprehension and for better developer support in the IDE.

关键词： object-oriented programming polymorphism programming languages programming environments

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Cross-Layer Memory Management for Managed Language applications 2015

Cross-Layer Memory Management for Managed Language Applicati...

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ACM SIGPLAN International conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications (OOPSLA)

作者： Jantz, Michael R. Robinson, Forrest J. Kulkarni, Prasad A. Doshi, Kshitij A. Univ Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Univ Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA Intel Corp Santa Clara CA 95051 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450336895

Performance and energy efficiency in memory have become critically important for a wide range of computing domains. However, it is difficult to control and optimize memory power and performance because these effects depend upon activity across multiple layers of the vertical execution stack. To address this challenge, we construct a novel and collaborative framework that employs object placement, cross-layer communication, and page-level management to effectively distribute application objects in the DRAM hardware to achieve desired power/performance goals. In this work, we describe the design and implementation of our framework, which is the first to integrate automatic object profiling and analysis at the application layer with fine-grained management of memory hardware resources in the operating system. We demonstrate the utility of our framework by employing it to more effectively control memory power consumption. We design a custom memory-intensive workload to show the potential of our approach. Next, we develop sampling and profiling-based analyses and modify the code generator in the HotSpot VM to understand object usage patterns and automatically determine and control the placement of hot and cold objects in a partitioned VM heap. This information is communicated to the operating system, which uses it to map the logical application pages to the appropriate DRAM ranks according to user-defined provisioning goals. We evaluate our framework and find that it achieves our test goal of significant DRAM energy savings across a variety of workloads, without any source code modifications or recompilations.

关键词： Design Experimentation Performance Cross-layer Power Efficiency DRAM HotSpot

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