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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Optical Materials and Biomaterials in Security and Defence Systems Technology IX"

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optical materials for Printed Interconnects and Sensors 16

Optical Materials for Printed Interconnects and Sensors

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conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XVI

作者： Aga, R. S. Ouchen, F. Kreit, E. B. Bartsch, C. M. Heckman, E. M. KBR 2601 Mission Point BlvdSuite 300 Dayton OH 45431 USA US Air Force Res Lab Sensors Directorate 2241 Avionics Circle Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781510630345

ISBN: (纸本)9781510630345

This work explores additive manufacturing technology to fabricate hybrid circuits comprising of optical and electronic materials as photonic and electrical interconnects, respectively. Several polymeric optical materials have been investigated (including SU8, PDMS, UV15 and Norland adhesives) as waveguides directly printed on commercial circuit boards such as FR4 and Rogers TC600. An optical waveguide printed over RF (radio frequency) transmission lines and surface mount electronic components is demonstrated. As an application, the waveguide is used as an alternative to traditional electrical interconnects to control an RF switch for routing an RF signal from a single source to different locations. This work also investigates the feasibility of printed polymeric waveguides as a sensing platform for monitoring humidity and temperature changes in electronic circuits. Results show that the SU8 waveguide responds significantly to change in temperature and humidity and the response is appropriate for logistics applications such as cold chain supply.

关键词： additive manufacturing interconnects electronic integration printed electronics optical sensor

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Fusion of optical flow based motion pattern analysis and silhouette classification for person tracking and detection 10

Fusion of optical flow based motion pattern analysis and sil...

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conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence X and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XI

作者： Tangelder, Johan W. H. Lebert, Ed Burghouts, Gertjan J. van Zon, Kasper den Uyl, Marten J. VicarVision Singel 160 NL-1015 AH Amsterdam Netherlands TNO NL-2597 The Hague Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413168

This paper presents a novel approach to detect persons in video by combining optical flow based motion analysis and silhouette based recognition. A new fast optical flow computation method is described, and its application in a motion based analysis framework unifying human tracking and detection is outlined. Our optical flow algorithm represents optical flow by grid based motion vectors, which are computed very efficiently and robustly applying template matching. We model the motion patterns of the tracked human and non-human objects by the positions, velocities, motion magnitudes, and motion directions of their optical flow vectors, and build a random forest on these features. For recognition, the random forest computes a normalized score measuring the similarity of a track to a human track. Using edge detection on a motion image for each motion blob its silhouette is computed. Recognition scores are computed, which measure the similarity of the silhouettes with human silhouettes. The optical flow classifier and the silhouette classifier are used as a combined classifier. We analyze the ROC curve to set different decision thresholds on the recognition score for different scenarios. The experiments on the VIRAT test set demonstrate that for human detection the combination of the optical flow based motion method with one based on human silhouette analysis, obtains superior results, compared to the constituent methods.

关键词： optical flow based motion analysis silhouette based recognition behavior recognition similarity measures combined classifier VIRAT dataset ROC curve analysis

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Liquid explosive detection using near infrared LED 11

Liquid explosive detection using near infrared LED

引用

conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence XI;and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XII

作者： Itozaki, Hideo Ito, Shiori Sato-Akaba, Hideo Miyato, Yuji Osaka Univ Grad Sch Engn Sci 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 5608531 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781628418620

A bottle scanner to detect liquid explosive has been developed using technologies of near infrared. Its detection rate of liquid explosive is quite high and its false alarm rate of safe liquids quite low. It uses a light source with wide spectrum such as a halogen lamp. Recently a variety of LEDs have been developed and some of them have near infrared spectrum. Here a near infrared LED is tested as a light source of the liquid explosive detector. Three infrared LEDs that have a main peak of spectrum at 901nm, 936nm, and 1028 nm have been used as a light source to scan liquids. Spectrum widths of these LEDs are quite narrow typically less than 100 nm. Ten typical liquids have been evaluated by these LEDs and the correlation coefficients of a spectrum by an LED and a tungsten lamp were more than 0.98. This experiment shows that the infrared LED can be used as a light source for the liquid scanner. An LED has some merits, such as long life of more than some ten thousand hours and small consumption electric power of less than 0.2 W. When the LED is used as a light source for the liquid scanner, it is also more compact and handy.

关键词： liquid explosives near infrared bottled liquid airport security LED

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Automatic detection of suspicious behavior of pickpockets with track-based features in a shopping mall 10

Automatic detection of suspicious behavior of pickpockets wi...

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conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence X;and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XI

作者： Bouma, Henri Baan, Jan Burghouts, Gertjan J. Eendebak, Pieter T. van Huis, Jasper R. Dijk, Judith van Rest, Jeroen H. C. TNO NL-2597 AK The Hague Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413168

Proactive detection of incidents is required to decrease the cost of security incidents. This paper focusses on the automatic early detection of suspicious behavior of pickpockets with track-based features in a crowded shopping mall. Our method consists of several steps: pedestrian tracking, feature computation and pickpocket recognition. This is challenging because the environment is crowded, people move freely through areas which cannot be covered by a single camera, because the actual snatch is a subtle action, and because collaboration is complex social behavior. We carried out an experiment with more than 20 validated pickpocket incidents. We used a top-down approach to translate expert knowledge in features and rules, and a bottom-up approach to learn discriminating patterns with a classifier. The classifier was used to separate the pickpockets from normal passers-by who are shopping in the mall. We performed a cross validation to train and evaluate our system. In this paper, we describe our method, identify the most valuable features, and analyze the results that were obtained in the experiment. We estimate the quality of these features and the performance of automatic detection of (collaborating) pickpockets. The results show that many of the pickpockets can be detected at a low false alarm rate.

关键词： Surveillance CCTV security behavior analysis threat recognition action recognition tracking

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Growth and study of nonlinear optical materials for frequency conversion devices with applications in defence and security 10

Growth and study of nonlinear optical materials for frequenc...

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conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence X and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XI

作者： Tassev, V. Snure, M. Vangala, S. Kimani, M. Peterson, R. Schunemann, P. Air Force Res Lab Sensors Directorate Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA Solid State Sci Corp Hollis NH 03049 USA BAE Syst Nashua NH 03061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413168

A series of nonlinear materials including GaAs, GaP, and ZnSe have been examined to determine their suitability for non-linear frequency conversion devices (FCD) and more specifically their use as high power, compact and broadly tunable IR and THz sources for defense and security applications. The more mature GaAs was investigated to reveal the causes for the optical losses that restrict achievement of higher conversion efficiency in quasi-phasematched FCD, while the efforts with GaP were oriented in developing simple, cost effective techniques for fabrication of orientation patterned (OP) templates and optimizing the subsequent thick HVPE growth on these templates. Thus, average growth rates of 50-70 mu m/h were achieved in up to 8-hour long experiments. High optical layer quality was achieved by suitable control of the process parameters. The optimal orientation of the pattern was determined and used as essential feedback aiming to improve the template preparation. This led to the production of the first 300-400 mu m thick device quality OPGaP. Efforts to suppress the parasitic nucleation during growths with longer duration or to achieve thicker layers by a 2 step growth process were also made. The main challenge with the newer candidate, OPZnSe, was to establish suitable regimes for hydrothermal growth on plain (001) ZnSe seeds grown by chemical vapor deposition. Two different temperature ranges, 330-350 degrees C and 290-330 degrees C, were investigated. The mineralized concentration was also manipulated to accelerate the growth in (111) direction and, thus, to improve the growth in (001) direction. The next material in the line is GaN. The traditional HVPE approach will be combined with a growth at low reactor pressure. Growths will be performed in the next sequence: growth on thin GaN layers grown by MOCVD on sapphire wafers, growth on half-patterned GaN templates with different orientations and, finally, growth on OPGaN templates.

关键词： hydride vapor phase epitaxy nonlinear optical materials quasi-phase matching orientation patterned templates frequency conversion devices laser sources in the mid IR and THz region

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Noninvasive encapsulated fiber-optic probes for interferometric measurement 14

Noninvasive encapsulated fiber-optic probes for interferomet...

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conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XIV

作者： Zboril, O. Cubik, J. Kepak, S. Nedoma, J. Fajkus, M. Zavodny, P. Vasinek, V. VSB Tech Univ Ostrava Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Telecommun 17 Listopadu 15 Ostrava 70833 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781510613454;9781510613447

This article focuses on the sensitivity of encapsulated interferometric probes. These probes are used mainly for BioMed and security applications. Fiber-optic sensors are interesting for these applications, as they are resistant to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and that also do not affect the surrounding medical and security equipment. Using a loop of the optical fiber with is not a suitable for these measurements. The optical fiber should be fixed to one position, and should not significantly bend. For these reasons, the optical fiber is encapsulated. Furthermore, it is necessary that the encapsulated measuring probes were flexible, inert, water resistant and not toxic. Fiber-optic sensors shouldn't be magnetically active, so they can be used for example, in magnetic resonance environments (MR). Probes meeting these requirements can be widely used in health care and security applications. Encapsulation of interferometric measuring arm brings changes in susceptibility of measurements in comparison with the optical fiber without encapsulation. To evaluate the properties of the encapsulated probes, series of probes made from different materials for encapsulation was generated, using two types of optical fibers with various degrees of protection. Comparison of the sensitivity of different encapsulated probes was performed using a series of measurements at various frequencies. The measurement results are statistically compared in the article and commented. Given the desired properties polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer has been proven the most interesting encapsulating material for further research.

关键词： Fiber-optic probes Interferometry security Applications BioMed Applications Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

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Video content analysis on body-worn cameras for retrospective investigation 11

Video content analysis on body-worn cameras for retrospectiv...

引用

conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence XI;and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XII

作者： Bouma, Henri Baan, Jan ter Haar, Frank B. Eendebak, Pieter T. den Hollander, Richard J. M. Burghouts, Gertjan J. Wijn, Remco van den Broek, Sebastiaan P. van Rest, Jeroen H. C. TNO Oude Waalsdorperweg 63 NL-2597 AK The Hague Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628418620

In the security domain, cameras are important to assess critical situations. Apart from fixed surveillance cameras we observe an increasing number of sensors on mobile platforms, such as drones, vehicles and persons. Mobile cameras allow rapid and local deployment, enabling many novel applications and effects, such as the reduction of violence between police and citizens. However, the increased use of bodycams also creates potential challenges. For example: how can end-users extract information from the abundance of video, how can the information be presented, and how can an officer retrieve information efficiently? Nevertheless, such video gives the opportunity to stimulate the professionals' memory, and support complete and accurate reporting. In this paper, we show how video content analysis (VCA) can address these challenges and seize these opportunities. To this end, we focus on methods for creating a complete summary of the video, which allows quick retrieval of relevant fragments. The content analysis for summarization consists of several components, such as stabilization, scene selection, motion estimation, localization, pedestrian tracking and action recognition in the video from a bodycam. The different components and visual representations of summaries are presented for retrospective investigation.

关键词： Surveillance CCTV security bodycam video content analysis (VCA) action recognition

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Track-based event recognition in a realistic crowded environment 10

Track-based event recognition in a realistic crowded environ...

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conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence X and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XI

作者： van Huis, Jasper R. Bouma, Henri Baan, Jan Burghouts, Gertjan J. Eendebak, Pieter T. den Hollander, Richard J. M. Dijk, Judith van Rest, Jeroen H. C. TNO NL-2597 AK The Hague Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413168

Automatic detection of abnormal behavior in CCTV cameras is important to improve the security in crowded environments, such as shopping malls, airports and railway stations. This behavior can be characterized at different time scales, e.g., by small-scale subtle and obvious actions or by large-scale walking patterns and interactions between people. For example, pickpocketing can be recognized by the actual snatch (small scale), when he follows the victim, or when he interacts with an accomplice before and after the incident (longer time scale). This paper focusses on event recognition by detecting large-scale track-based patterns. Our event recognition method consists of several steps: pedestrian detection, object tracking, track-based feature computation and rule-based event classification. In the experiment, we focused on single track actions (walk, run, loiter, stop, turn) and track interactions (pass, meet, merge, split). The experiment includes a controlled setup, where 10 actors perform these actions. The method is also applied to all tracks that are generated in a crowded shopping mall in a selected time frame. The results show that most of the actions can be detected reliably (on average 90%) at a low false positive rate (1.1%), and that the interactions obtain lower detection rates (70% at 0.3% FP). This method may become one of the components that assists operators to find threatening behavior and enrich the selection of videos that are to be observed.

关键词： Surveillance CCTV security tracking behavior analysis action recognition threat

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optical limiting properties of polymer-dye nanohybrids: a comparison between polylactide and PMMA hosts 16

Optical limiting properties of polymer-dye nanohybrids: a co...

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conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XVI

作者： Muller, O. Hege, C. Guerchoux, M. Dandois, M. Trendel, P. Merlat, L. French German Res Inst St Louis ISL Lab Radiat Interact Matter 5 Rue Gen Cassagnou F-68301 St Louis France Univ Nottingham Fac Engn Dept Chem & Environm Engn Nottingham NG7 2RD England

ISBN: (数字)9781510630345

ISBN: (纸本)9781510630345

The widespread usage of harmful pulsed laser sources emitting brief but intense radiations implies to search for appropriate and convenient forms of protection. Nonlinear optical nanomaterials can serve this purpose when properly embedded in a solid medium, resulting in nanohybrid passive optical limiting filters. This work focuses on the optical limiting behavior of polymer-dye nonlinear nanohybrids, for which we combined azophloxine, a red azo-dye, with two polymer hosts, namely PMMA and polylactide (PLA). Transmittance measurements in the nonlinear regime were performed at the wavelength of 1064 nm with nanosecond pulses at a low pulse repetition rate. The nonlinear optical properties resulting from energy dependent transmittance assessments reveal that the dye concentration is of major relevance regarding the PMMA nanohybrids, and to a lesser extend for the PLA based systems. The PLA synthesis concept described in this study offers an easy way to directly attach the dye covalently to the polymer chain. The originality and novelty of this synthesis technique is to be pointed out since it has never been mentioned elsewhere to date. For the various types of nanohybrids investigated, significant differences in the optical limiting response were observed. A molecular model claiming for the dye aggregation in the PMMA nanohybrids is discussed. Two different absorption regimes responsible for the optical limiting action have been identified to be reverse saturable - excited state absorption on the one hand and multi-photons absorption on the other hand.

关键词： dyes nanohybrids laser protection optical limiting polylactide RSA MPA aggregation

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Analysis the effect of thermal load on the insertion loss of the optical couplers 15

Analysis the effect of thermal load on the insertion loss of...

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conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XV

作者： Nedoma, Jan Fajkus, Marcel Zabka, Stanislav Novak, Martin Jaros, Rene Martinek, Radek VSB Tech Univ Ostrava Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Telecommun Ostrava Czech Republic VSB Tech Univ Ostrava Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Cybernet & Biomed Engn Ostrava Czech Republic

ISBN: (数字)9781510621862

ISBN: (纸本)9781510621862

This article focuses on the analysis of the selected optical coupler parameter which have been thermal stressed for 30 weeks at temperature 95 degrees C +/- 5 degrees C. optical couplers with 10:90, 1:99 and 50:50 dividing ratio were tested. A total of 6 optical couplers were tested. Measurements were made for two wavelengths 1310 nm and 1550 nm. The observed parameter was the insertion loss. The insertion loss is very important parameter because the fiber-optic passive components (such as optical couplers) disrupt signal transmissions as the continuous core of the optical fiber carrying the signal mates with the component in a manner that causes some amount of scattering and reflection of light waves. The degree to which the signal has been depleted is described as insertion loss, which is the undesired attenuation of the signal measured in decibels (dB).

关键词： Thermal load optical coupler insertion loss

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