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检索条件"任意字段=Conference on Optical Materials and Biomaterials in Security and Defence Systems Technology XIV"

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Proposal of a novel method for all optical switching with MMI coupler

Proposal of a novel method for all optical switching with MM...

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conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology IX

作者： Tajaldini, M. Jafri, Mohd Z. M. Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Phys George Town 11800 Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492869

This paper, propose a novel approach to access all optical switching performance usable in telecommunications and photonic signal processing circuits by one continuous MMI coupler under a nonlinear regime to achieve the switching at smallest length of Multimode interference waveguide. In past methods, there have been MMI switch with length about a few millimeters, but in this paper an MMI is presented for switching purposes with a length less than 100 mu m. In this approach, the wave propagation is studied base on MPA method. The nonlinear wave equation in presence of Kerr nonlinear effect is solved as a set of multiple coupled nonlinear equations, so each equations are related to one of guided modes in Multimode waveguide. With ability of calculating the electric field at the outputs channels, we are able to optimize the Multimode waveguide in terms of length. switching is performable with a variation of input intensity or electric field, thus the output fields have been measured with 10(5) different amounts of input electric fields for each lengths which are switching candidates, then switching operation is appeared in special length with its dependence input electric fields that each electric fields relate to switch the light to bar or cross outputs, this switch is the outstanding proposal for new all optical digital signal processing due to the compact size.

关键词： MMI MPA Multimode Interference switch Kerr nonlinear effect

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Growth and study of nonlinear optical materials for frequency conversion devices with applications in defence and security 10

Growth and study of nonlinear optical materials for frequenc...

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conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence X and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XI

作者： Tassev, V. Snure, M. Vangala, S. Kimani, M. Peterson, R. Schunemann, P. Air Force Res Lab Sensors Directorate Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA Solid State Sci Corp Hollis NH 03049 USA BAE Syst Nashua NH 03061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413168

A series of nonlinear materials including GaAs, GaP, and ZnSe have been examined to determine their suitability for non-linear frequency conversion devices (FCD) and more specifically their use as high power, compact and broadly tunable IR and THz sources for defense and security applications. The more mature GaAs was investigated to reveal the causes for the optical losses that restrict achievement of higher conversion efficiency in quasi-phasematched FCD, while the efforts with GaP were oriented in developing simple, cost effective techniques for fabrication of orientation patterned (OP) templates and optimizing the subsequent thick HVPE growth on these templates. Thus, average growth rates of 50-70 mu m/h were achieved in up to 8-hour long experiments. High optical layer quality was achieved by suitable control of the process parameters. The optimal orientation of the pattern was determined and used as essential feedback aiming to improve the template preparation. This led to the production of the first 300-400 mu m thick device quality OPGaP. Efforts to suppress the parasitic nucleation during growths with longer duration or to achieve thicker layers by a 2 step growth process were also made. The main challenge with the newer candidate, OPZnSe, was to establish suitable regimes for hydrothermal growth on plain (001) ZnSe seeds grown by chemical vapor deposition. Two different temperature ranges, 330-350 degrees C and 290-330 degrees C, were investigated. The mineralized concentration was also manipulated to accelerate the growth in (111) direction and, thus, to improve the growth in (001) direction. The next material in the line is GaN. The traditional HVPE approach will be combined with a growth at low reactor pressure. Growths will be performed in the next sequence: growth on thin GaN layers grown by MOCVD on sapphire wafers, growth on half-patterned GaN templates with different orientations and, finally, growth on OPGaN templates.

关键词： hydride vapor phase epitaxy nonlinear optical materials quasi-phase matching orientation patterned templates frequency conversion devices laser sources in the mid IR and THz region

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Video content analysis on body-worn cameras for retrospective investigation 11

Video content analysis on body-worn cameras for retrospectiv...

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conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence XI;and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XII

作者： Bouma, Henri Baan, Jan ter Haar, Frank B. Eendebak, Pieter T. den Hollander, Richard J. M. Burghouts, Gertjan J. Wijn, Remco van den Broek, Sebastiaan P. van Rest, Jeroen H. C. TNO Oude Waalsdorperweg 63 NL-2597 AK The Hague Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628418620

In the security domain, cameras are important to assess critical situations. Apart from fixed surveillance cameras we observe an increasing number of sensors on mobile platforms, such as drones, vehicles and persons. Mobile cameras allow rapid and local deployment, enabling many novel applications and effects, such as the reduction of violence between police and citizens. However, the increased use of bodycams also creates potential challenges. For example: how can end-users extract information from the abundance of video, how can the information be presented, and how can an officer retrieve information efficiently? Nevertheless, such video gives the opportunity to stimulate the professionals' memory, and support complete and accurate reporting. In this paper, we show how video content analysis (VCA) can address these challenges and seize these opportunities. To this end, we focus on methods for creating a complete summary of the video, which allows quick retrieval of relevant fragments. The content analysis for summarization consists of several components, such as stabilization, scene selection, motion estimation, localization, pedestrian tracking and action recognition in the video from a bodycam. The different components and visual representations of summaries are presented for retrospective investigation.

关键词： Surveillance CCTV security bodycam video content analysis (VCA) action recognition

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Track-based event recognition in a realistic crowded environment 10

Track-based event recognition in a realistic crowded environ...

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conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and defence X and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XI

作者： van Huis, Jasper R. Bouma, Henri Baan, Jan Burghouts, Gertjan J. Eendebak, Pieter T. den Hollander, Richard J. M. Dijk, Judith van Rest, Jeroen H. C. TNO NL-2597 AK The Hague Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413168

Automatic detection of abnormal behavior in CCTV cameras is important to improve the security in crowded environments, such as shopping malls, airports and railway stations. This behavior can be characterized at different time scales, e.g., by small-scale subtle and obvious actions or by large-scale walking patterns and interactions between people. For example, pickpocketing can be recognized by the actual snatch (small scale), when he follows the victim, or when he interacts with an accomplice before and after the incident (longer time scale). This paper focusses on event recognition by detecting large-scale track-based patterns. Our event recognition method consists of several steps: pedestrian detection, object tracking, track-based feature computation and rule-based event classification. In the experiment, we focused on single track actions (walk, run, loiter, stop, turn) and track interactions (pass, meet, merge, split). The experiment includes a controlled setup, where 10 actors perform these actions. The method is also applied to all tracks that are generated in a crowded shopping mall in a selected time frame. The results show that most of the actions can be detected reliably (on average 90%) at a low false positive rate (1.1%), and that the interactions obtain lower detection rates (70% at 0.3% FP). This method may become one of the components that assists operators to find threatening behavior and enrich the selection of videos that are to be observed.

关键词： Surveillance CCTV security tracking behavior analysis action recognition threat

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Spectroelectrochemistry as a Strategy for Improving Selectivity of Sensors for security and Defense Applications

Spectroelectrochemistry as a Strategy for Improving Selectiv...

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conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology IX

作者： Heineman, William R. Seliskar, Carl J. Morris, Laura K. Bryan, Samuel A. Univ Cincinnati Dept Chem Cincinnati OH 45221 USA Pacif Northwest Natl Lab Richland WA 99352 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819492869

Spectroelectrochemistry provides improved selectivity for sensors by electrochemically modulating the optical signal associated with the analyte. The sensor consists of an optically transparent electrode (OTE) coated with a film that preconcentrates the target analyte. The OTE functions as an optical waveguide for attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, which detects the analyte by absorption. Alternatively, the OTE can serve as the excitation light for fluorescence detection, which is generally more sensitive than absorption. The analyte partitions into the film, undergoes an electrochemical redox reaction at the OTE surface, and absorbs or emits light in its oxidized or reduced state. The change in the optical response associated with electrochemical oxidation or reduction at the OTE is used to quantify the analyte. Absorption sensors for metal ion complexes such as [Fe(CN)(6)](4-) and [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) and fluorescence sensors for [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1-hydroxypyrene have been developed. The sensor concept has been extended to binding assays for a protein using avidin-biotin and 17 beta-estradiol-anti-estradiol antibodies. The sensor has been demonstrated to measure metal complexes in complex samples such as nuclear waste and natural water. This sensor has qualities needed for security and defense applications that require a high level of selectivity and good detection limits for target analytes in complex samples. Quickly monitoring and designating intent of a nuclear program by measuring the Ru/Tc fission product ratio is such an application.

关键词： spectroelectrochemical sensor optically transparent electrode polymer film

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optical limiting properties of polymer-dye nanohybrids: a comparison between polylactide and PMMA hosts 16

Optical limiting properties of polymer-dye nanohybrids: a co...

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conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XVI

作者： Muller, O. Hege, C. Guerchoux, M. Dandois, M. Trendel, P. Merlat, L. French German Res Inst St Louis ISL Lab Radiat Interact Matter 5 Rue Gen Cassagnou F-68301 St Louis France Univ Nottingham Fac Engn Dept Chem & Environm Engn Nottingham NG7 2RD England

ISBN: (数字)9781510630345

ISBN: (纸本)9781510630345

The widespread usage of harmful pulsed laser sources emitting brief but intense radiations implies to search for appropriate and convenient forms of protection. Nonlinear optical nanomaterials can serve this purpose when properly embedded in a solid medium, resulting in nanohybrid passive optical limiting filters. This work focuses on the optical limiting behavior of polymer-dye nonlinear nanohybrids, for which we combined azophloxine, a red azo-dye, with two polymer hosts, namely PMMA and polylactide (PLA). Transmittance measurements in the nonlinear regime were performed at the wavelength of 1064 nm with nanosecond pulses at a low pulse repetition rate. The nonlinear optical properties resulting from energy dependent transmittance assessments reveal that the dye concentration is of major relevance regarding the PMMA nanohybrids, and to a lesser extend for the PLA based systems. The PLA synthesis concept described in this study offers an easy way to directly attach the dye covalently to the polymer chain. The originality and novelty of this synthesis technique is to be pointed out since it has never been mentioned elsewhere to date. For the various types of nanohybrids investigated, significant differences in the optical limiting response were observed. A molecular model claiming for the dye aggregation in the PMMA nanohybrids is discussed. Two different absorption regimes responsible for the optical limiting action have been identified to be reverse saturable - excited state absorption on the one hand and multi-photons absorption on the other hand.

关键词： dyes nanohybrids laser protection optical limiting polylactide RSA MPA aggregation

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Analysis the effect of thermal load on the insertion loss of the optical couplers 15

Analysis the effect of thermal load on the insertion loss of...

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conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XV

作者： Nedoma, Jan Fajkus, Marcel Zabka, Stanislav Novak, Martin Jaros, Rene Martinek, Radek VSB Tech Univ Ostrava Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Telecommun Ostrava Czech Republic VSB Tech Univ Ostrava Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Cybernet & Biomed Engn Ostrava Czech Republic

ISBN: (数字)9781510621862

ISBN: (纸本)9781510621862

This article focuses on the analysis of the selected optical coupler parameter which have been thermal stressed for 30 weeks at temperature 95 degrees C +/- 5 degrees C. optical couplers with 10:90, 1:99 and 50:50 dividing ratio were tested. A total of 6 optical couplers were tested. Measurements were made for two wavelengths 1310 nm and 1550 nm. The observed parameter was the insertion loss. The insertion loss is very important parameter because the fiber-optic passive components (such as optical couplers) disrupt signal transmissions as the continuous core of the optical fiber carrying the signal mates with the component in a manner that causes some amount of scattering and reflection of light waves. The degree to which the signal has been depleted is described as insertion loss, which is the undesired attenuation of the signal measured in decibels (dB).

关键词： Thermal load optical coupler insertion loss

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Photoluminescence study of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped Sb₂O₃-WO₃-Li₂O (SWL) ceramic phosphor for fingerprint detection in forensic science & security writing 15

Photoluminescence study of Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>/Er<SUP>3+</SUP> c...

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conference on optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology XV

作者： Sukul, Prasenjit Prasad Kumar, Kaushal Indian Inst Technol ISM Dept Appl Phys Opt Mat & Bioimaging Res Lab Dhanbad Bihar India

ISBN: (纸本)9781510621862

The article reports the development of invisible cryptography writing and latent fingerprint detection techniques using upconversion emission of rare earth doped ceramic for the application in forensic science. The upconversion (UC) emission studies on Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped Sb2O3-WO3-Li2O (SWL) ceramics under 980 nm laser excitation has been done. Due to its intense green and red visible emission, the ceramic finds a great application in developing latent fingermark detection using powder dusting technique. In addition to fingerprint detection, the present ceramic is a promising candidate for coding cyphers in invisible manner. An observed comparison between UV vs. NIR excited fingerprint images shows that fingerprint images exposed by NIR excitation have more clear edges than the UV excitations. Hence the current upconversion emission studies on the present ceramic samples reveal its potential application in forensic science, security writing and cryptography information (cypher).

关键词： Upconversion invisible cypher cryptography fingerprint detection

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Raman Spectroscopy for the detection of explosives and their precursors on clothing in fingerprint concentration: a reliable technique for security and counterterrorism issues.

Raman Spectroscopy for the detection of explosives and their...

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conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting and defence IX;and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology X

作者： Almaviva, S. Botti, S. Cantarini, L. Palucci, A. Puiu, A. Schnuerer, F. Schweikert, W. Romolo, F. S. ENEA Diagnost & Metrol Lab UTAPRAD DIM I-00044 Frascati Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9780819497703

In this work we report the results of RS measurements on some common military explosives and some of the most common explosives precursors deposited on clothing fabrics, both synthetic and natural, such as polyester, leather and denim cotton at concentration comparable to those obtained from a single fingerprint. RS Spectra were obtained using an integrated portable Raman system equipped with an optical microscope, focusing the light of a solid state GaAlAs laser emitting at 785 nm. A maximum exposure time of 10 s was used, focusing the beam in a 45 mu m diameter spot on the sample. The substances were deposited starting from commercial solutions with a Micropipetting Nano-Plotter, ideal for generating high-quality spots by non-contact dispensing of sub-nanoliter volumes of liquids, in order to simulate a homogeneous stain on the fabric surface. Images acquired with a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope provided further details of the deposition process showing single particles of micrometric volume trapped or deposited on the underlying tissues. The spectral features of each substance was clearly identified and discriminated from those belonging to the substrate fabric or from the surrounding fluorescence. Our results show that the application of RS using a microscope-based apparatus can provide interpretable Raman spectra in a fast, in-situ analysis, directly from explosive particles of some mu m(3) as the ones that it could be found in a single fingerprint, despite the contribution of the substrate, leaving the sample completely unaltered for further, more specific and propaedeutic laboratory analysis. The same approach can be envisaged for the detection of other illicit substances like drugs.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy explosives detection laser spectroscopy nitro-based explosives

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Photoacoustic detection by means of a differential double resonator cell applied to security and defence

Photoacoustic detection by means of a differential double re...

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conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting and defence IX;and optical materials and biomaterials in security and defence systems technology X

作者： Vallespi, Arturo Slezak, Veronica Peuriot, Alejandro Gonzalez, Francisco Pereyra, Andrea Santiago, Guillermo CEILAP CITEDEF San Juan Bautista La Salle 4397 B1603ALO Villa Martelli Bs As Argentina Univ Buenos Aires Lab Laser Fac Ingn RA-1063 Buenos Aires DF Argentina

ISBN: (纸本)9780819497703

The purpose of this article is to present a sensitive optical system for immediate detection of traces of ammonia by means of photoacoustic spectroscopy and study some properties with both a pulsed CO2 laser (TEA) and a CW CO2 laser. The laser beam is aimed to an innovative dual resonator differential cell, which lowest resonant frequency is the first longitudinal mode at 1205 Hz, filled with a flowing NH3 and N-2 mixture. The chosen cell's material is polypropylene, suitable for reducing the effects of adsorption. As a result of physical adsorption-desorption studies, based on a pulsed CO2 laser, 5 % PA signal decay from an enclosed sample of 248 ppmV of NH3 in N-2 is recorded within 1 hour. The setup for CW CO2 laser excitation takes advantage of a differential microphone connected to both resonators by picking up out of phase signals. For this purpose, the beam is modulated at the cell's resonance by means of a chopper with a special blade which allows both reflection and transmission of the laser beam;the direct and the reflected beam are alternatively aimed to one resonator and the other. The measurements show that for the double resonator configuration a signal increase is achieved, as expected from the study of the sensitivity of both resonators separately, which have been previously characterized. Measurements with this system indicate a limit of detection of 13ppbV at the 10P(32) laser line, deduced from one standard deviation of the PA signal from pure N-2.

关键词： Photoacoustics ammonia detection limit adsorption signal to noise ratio

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