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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON computational IMAGING 2025年 11卷 333-348页

作者： Gao, Yao Jiang, Qi Gao, Shaohua Sun, Lei Yang, Kailun Wang, Kaiwei Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab Extreme Photon & Instrumentat Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Hunan Univ Sch Robot Changsha 410012 Peoples R China Hunan Univ Natl Engn Res Ctr Robot Visual Percept & Control T Changsha 410082 Peoples R China

Recently, joint design approaches that simultaneously optimize optical systems and downstream algorithms through data-driven learning have demonstrated superior performance over traditional separate design approaches. However, current joint design approaches heavily rely on the manual identification of initial lenses, posing challenges and limitations, particularly for compound lens systems with multiple potential starting points. In this work, we present Quasi-Global Search optics (QGSO) to automatically design compound lens based computational imaging systems through two parts: (i) Fused Optimization Method for Automatic optical design (OptiFusion), which searches for diverse initial optical systems under certain design specifications;and (ii) Efficient Physic-aware Joint Optimization (EPJO), which conducts parallel joint optimization of initial optical systems and image reconstruction networks with the consideration of physical constraints, culminating in the selection of the optimal solution in all search results. Extensive experimental results illustrate that QGSO serves as a transformative end-to-end lens design paradigm for superior global search ability, which automatically provides compound lens based computational imaging systems with higher imaging quality compared to existing paradigms.

关键词： optical design optical imaging Lenses optical diffraction Optimization Adaptive optics optical refraction Image reconstruction computational modeling Compounds computational imaging end-to-end lens design global optimization image reconstruction

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Efficient evaluation of the Jacobian in the damped least-squares method for optical design problems using algorithmic differentiation

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optics EXPRESS 2025年第2期33卷 3054-3067页

作者： Seger, Tobias Menke, Christoph Sonntag, Matthias Urban, Karsten Carl Zeiss D-73446 Oberkochen Germany Univ Ulm Inst Numer Math D-89081 Ulm Germany

The fast evaluation of the Jacobian is an essential part of the optimization of optical systems using the damped least-squares algorithm. While finite differences provide an intuitive way to approximate derivatives, algorithmic differentiation is a technique to evaluate them exactly. However, applying algorithmic differentiation to a ray tracing routine for optical systems with many parameters is computationally expensive, where the main costs are caused by the determination of the ray-surface intersection. To overcome this disadvantage, we present a mathematical analysis of the ray-surface intersection and its efficient differentiation in both forward and reverse mode algorithmic differentiation. Futhermore the structure of the optimization variables and operands is exploited to derive a method that allows computation of the Jacobian in the same order of computational complexity as the primal ray trace. The method is successfully tested for a rotationally symmetric lens system and a freeform design task. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： computational imaging Lens design Neural networks optical systems Ray tracing systems design

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Fast sensitivity control method with differentiable optics

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optics Express 2025年第6期33卷 14404-14418页

作者： Ren, Zheng Zhang, Wenguan Jiang, Tingting Li, Shuyi Feng, Huajun State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China

Differentiable optics integrates optical design with image processing, enabling joint optimization of optical systems and neural networks through task-specific evaluation metrics. However, controlling lens tolerance sensitivity during optimization remains an unresolved challenge, often resulting in significant performance degradation due to manufacturing and assembly tolerances. In this work, we propose a fast sensitivity control method tailored for different optical models. Our approach addresses sensitivity from three key aspects: tolerance sensitivity, uniformity of tolerance degradation, and symmetry of tolerance boundaries. Using the wavefront-focusing method, we enhance optimization stability by compensating for defocus and focusing the evaluation on the optimal image plane. Additionally, the optical path differential method eliminates the need for repeated ray tracing of perturbed systems, significantly reducing computational costs. Experimental results with two advanced smartphone lenses, a wide-angle and a telephoto lens, validate the effectiveness of our method. This work provides a practical solution for desensitization optimization in differentiable optics, offering new possibilities for optical desensitization and joint design in computational imaging tasks. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Ray tracing

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Monocular 3D Micro-PIV System Using computational Imaging

IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL

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IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL 2025年第1期17卷

作者： Lou, Taiyuange Guo, Chengxiang Yang, Tong Yang, Lei Xie, Hongbo Tianjin Univ Sch Precis Instrument & Optoelect Engn Key Lab Optoelect Informat Technol Minist Educ Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China

A three-dimensional (3D) particle image velocimetry (PIV) system typically consists of multiple cameras. However, micro-PIV systems for measuring microscale velocity fields lack sufficient space to accommodate them. In this work we propose an alternative approach based on computational imaging, enabling monocular micro-PIV systems to perform 3D flow field measurements without additional hardware or complex structure. The microscopic objective is designed to satisfy the required parameters, and the point spread function (PSF) responses of the system to different depths of the object surface are obtained. Additionally, a particle dataset generation method based on the PSFs of the optical system is proposed, and a deep-learning network is constructed for training. To validate the feasibility, particle images are captured in experiments and inputted into the network to reconstruct depth images and build three-dimensional flow fields. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the measurement deviation is within 13.2%, indicating the practicality of the proposed model.

关键词： Microscopy Imaging optical microscopy optical imaging optical distortion Image reconstruction Adaptive optics Three-dimensional displays optical design Particle measurements computational imaging optical design particle image velocimetry deep-learning network

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Interplay of polarization sensitivity and bandwidth in wide-field-of-view meta-optics

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optical MATERIALS EXPRESS 2025年第4期15卷 816-827页

作者： Javed, Isma Rind, Yousaf Murtaza Satti, Azhar Javed Naveed, Muhammad Ashar Danailov, Miltcho Cabrera, Humberto Zubair, Muhammad Mehmood, Muhammad Qasim Informat Technol Univ Punjab ITU Dept Elect Engn Lahore 54000 Pakistan Informat Technol Univ Punjab ITU SZCU ITU Joint Int MetaCenter Adv Photon & Elect Lahore 54000 Pakistan COMSATS Univ Islamabad Dept Elect Engn Abbottabad Campus Islamabad 22060 Pakistan Univ Nebraska Lincoln Dept Elect & Comp Engn Lincoln NE 68588 USA Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCp A Str Statale 14 Km 163 I-34149 Trieste Italy Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys STI Unit MLab I-34151 Trieste Italy

Metasurfaces-based optics have emerged as a promising next-generation design platform for novel optical and computational paradigms poised to disrupt information and communication technologies. Among the various applications of metasurfaces, imaging has become a key focus in optics due to its potential to address diverse requirements in fields like microscopy, surveillance, and data storage. Metasurface-based imaging offers a compact and efficient alternative for high-performance optical systems, drawing multidisciplinary interest across technology and research sectors. Polarization-insensitive broadband wide field of view (WFOV) design presents an important combination of characteristics enabling advanced microscopy and general-purpose imaging. Although designs addressing individual characteristics exist, a cohesive approach is lacking. This article presents broadband, polarization-insensitive WFOV metasurface operating in the ultraviolet (UV) range with a high numerical aperture (NA). Simple anisotropic rectangular bars of hafnium oxide (HfO2) on a glass substrate are optimized to produce consistent outputs across all incident polarizations. The proposed design strategy is validated through extensive simulations, ensuring the device's high performance. The unique design features of high NA, simplicity, and broadband polarization independence offer promising applications in holography, imaging, augmented reality/virtual reality, displays, and microscopy. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Imaging systems Long infrared Material properties optical components optical systems systems design

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computational optical imaging: on the convergence of physical and digital layers

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OPTICA 2025年第1期12卷 113-130页

作者： Wang, Zhaoqiang Peng, Yifan Fang, Lu Gao, Liang Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Bioengn Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect & Elect Engn & Comp Sci Hong Kong Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing Peoples R China

optical imaging has traditionally relied on hardware to fulfill its imaging function, producing output measures that mimic the original objects. Developed separately, digital algorithms enhance or analyze these visual representations, rather than being integral to the imaging process. The emergence of computational optical imaging has blurred the boundary between hardware and algorithm, incorporating computation in silico as an essential step in producing the final image. It provides additional degrees of freedom in system design and enables unconventional capabilities and greater efficiency. This mini-review surveys various perspectives of such interactions between physical and digital layers. It discusses the representative works where dedicated algorithms join the specialized imaging modalities or pipelines to achieve images of unprecedented quality. It also examines the converse scenarios where hardware, such as optical elements and sensors, is engineered to perform image processing, partially or fully replacing computer-based counterparts. Finally, the review highlights the emerging field of end-to-end optimization, where optics and algorithms are co-designed using differentiable models and task-specific loss functions. Together, these advancements provide an overview of the current landscape of computational optical imaging, delineating significant progress while uncovering diverse directions and potential in this rapidly evolving field. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica

关键词： computational imaging Field programmable gate arrays Imaging systems Integral imaging optical elements systems design

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Minimalist infrared computational imaging with double-sided diffractive single-lens system

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optics EXPRESS 2025年第5期33卷 10228-10244页

作者： Zheng, Yidi Zhong, Shuo Lei, Baiping Bian, Jiang Wang, Lihua Liu, Dun Guan, Shanghong Liu, Yuchen Zhang, Fu Du, Junfeng Fan, Bin Chinese Acad Sci Natl Key Lab Opt Field Manipulat Sci & Technol Chengdu 610200 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Opt & Elect Chengdu 610200 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

The hybrid-order monolithic imaging diffractive (HMID) lens was designed to address the issue of negative dispersion of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) in infrared minimalist optical systems. However, the imaging quality is negatively impacted by processing errors and aberrations of the HMID when it is expanded for large aperture use. The initial goal of minimalist imaging is contradicted by traditional optical techniques like adding additional lenses to eliminate aberrations, so we proposed a joint optical-algorithmic processing method in this paper to address the above issues. Specifically, the method is divided into two parts: (1) Upgraded HMID (UHMID) is designed at the optical end to improve the image quality through Strehl ratio (SR) enhancement, which is realized by fine-tuning the height of the microstructure;(2) A denoiser based on Bayesian theory as well as a deep neural network structure, using the optical system point spread function (PSF) data to solve the recover image. The experimental results show that the resolution of the optical system after image restoration is improved from 21.13 p/mm to 31.33 lp/mm, representing a 48.27% increase. The principle proposed in this paper provides a framework for the use of monolithic imaging systems in large aperture optical systems. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： computational imaging Diffractive optical elements Imaging systems Lens design optical systems systems design

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Iterative critical ray tracing for local tolerance analysis of freeform imaging systems

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optics COMMUNICATIONS 2025年 575卷

作者： Fan, Rundong Wei, Shili Qian, Zhuang Ji, Huiru Tan, Hao Mo, Yan Yang, Le Ma, Donglin Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Opt & Elect Informat Wuhan 430074 Hubei Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol MOE Key Lab Fundamental Phys Quant Measurement Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Hubei Key Lab Gravitat & Quantum Phys PGMF Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Phys Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Shenzhen Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Tongji Hosp Tongji Med Coll Dept Emergency MedDept Crit Care Med Wuhan 430030 Peoples R China

Tolerance analysis of the freeform surfaces serves as a critical bridge between design and manufacturing, offering essential guidance for the desensitization design of optical systems and playing a crucial role in the development of advanced imaging systems. Recently, Deng et al. proposed a direct method [Deng et al. Optica 9, 1039 (2022)] for solving tolerances of freeform surfaces, which reveals the local characteristics of the tolerances of freeform surfaces. However, the method requires dense sampling of the fields of view (FOVs) and the entrance pupil (EP) to cover as many optical surface points as possible, thereby achieving more accurate tolerance envelope solutions. Here, we propose an iterative algorithm called "critical ray tracing" to calculate the critical rays at points on the optical surface and utilize this information for surface tolerance analysis. This method involves fitting the coordinate space of the optical system into a 4D polynomial and employing numerical iteration to determine the rays closest to the preset wave aberration boundary at each surface point. Converting the FOVs and EP sampling into optical surface sampling significantly reduces the number of samples required, achieving computational efficiency without compromising accuracy in determining tolerable surface errors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through tolerance analysis of two different freeform imaging systems. Furthermore, a tolerance analysis example of a complete off-axis three-mirror optical system demonstrates the universality of the process.

关键词： Freeform optics optical design Imaging system Tolerance analysis Local tolerance Critical ray

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Point spread function modeling and engineering in black-box lens systems

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optics Express 2025年第3期33卷 4211-4224页

作者： Xiao, Dafei Kedem, Reut Orange Shechtman, Yoav Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

Point spread function (PSF) engineering in an imaging system involves the introduction of additional optical components to efficiently encode object information. It typically relies on a well-established mapping relation between object space, PSF engineering plane, and image plane. However, this reliance can limit its application in imaging systems with unknown ("black box") attributes, e. g. commercial photographic lenses, where a theoretical imaging model is not readily available. To address this limitation, we conduct wave-optics analysis of general lens systems, explicitly derive a general imaging model based on scaled Fourier transform, and develop an overall pipeline for automatic parameter determination of the model. When applied to a photographic lens, this pipeline demonstrates high PSF modeling accuracy, showcasing the capability of "seeing what you design". We then implemented PSF engineering in this lens to find its optimal PSF for 3D localization. This work improves computational imaging by enabling accurate wavefront shaping design in arbitrary imaging systems. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： optical transfer function

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Successive Optimization of optics and Post-processing with Differentiable Coherent PSF Operator and Field Information

IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging

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IEEE Transactions on computational Imaging 2025年 11卷 599-608页

作者： Ren, Zheng Zhou, Jingwen Zhang, Wenguan Yan, Jiapu Chen, Bingkun Feng, Huajun Chen, Shiqi Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering Hangzhou310027 China

Recently, the joint design of optical systems and downstream algorithms is showing significant potential. However, existing rays-described methods are limited to optimizing geometric degradation, making it difficult to fully represent the optical characteristics of complex, miniaturized lenses constrained by wavefront aberration or diffraction effects. In this work, we introduce a precise optical simulation model, and every operation in pipeline is differentiable. This model employs a novel initial value strategy to enhance the reliability of intersection calculation on high aspherics. Moreover, it utilizes a differential operator to reduce memory consumption during coherent point spread function calculations. To efficiently address various degradation, we design a joint optimization procedure that leverages field information. Guided by a general restoration network, the proposed method not only enhances the image quality, but also successively improves the optical performance across multiple lenses that are already in professional level. This joint optimization pipeline offers innovative insights into the practical design of sophisticated optical systems and post-processing algorithms. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： optical transfer function

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