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Experimental studies of the effect of measurement data loss on the quality of wavefront reconstruction using a Shack-Hartmann sensor in the presence of distortions from atmospheric turbulence

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JOURNAL OF OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY 2024年第8期91卷 527-532页

作者： Bolbasova, Lidia a. Lukin, vladimir p. Soin, Egor l. Russian Acad Sci V E Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt Siberian Branch Tomsk 634055 Russia

Subject of study. The distortion of an optical laser wavefront by atmospheric turbulence is studied. Aim of study. The effect of data loss due to vignetting and central obscuration in the entrance pupil of an optical system on the Shack-Hartmann sensor reconstruction of a horizontally propagating laser wavefront distorted by atmospheric turbulence is experimentally determined. Method. Experimental studies were performed by studying the propagation of laser radiation along a horizontal atmospheric path with various vignetting and central obscuration ratios. The results were analyzed using Zernike polynomials. Main results. We describe the experimental results for the Shack-Hartmann sensor reconstruction of a horizontally propagating laser wavefront distorted by atmospheric turbulence, where the entrance pupil of the optical system was affected by vignetting and central obscuration. We show that central obscuration has no significant effect on wavefront reconstruction;however, artificially low spherical aberration values may require modification of the adaptive correction algorithm in the adaptive optics system. Coma aberration values will be artificially high in the presence of vignetting. Practical significance. Wavefront sensors are a key component in adaptive optics systems, and the measurements provided by such sensors affect the final result for correction of the optical wavefront distortions. The research results obtained herein will be important in the development of adaptive optics systems for atmospheric transmission and focusing of laser light passing through the atmosphere. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group

关键词： adaptive optics Laser light Modulation transfer function Optical systems Spherical aberration systems design

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Overview of modern technologies for measuring, predicting and correcting turbulent distortions in optical waves

COMPUTER OPTICS

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COMPUTER optics 2024年第1期48卷 68-81页

作者： Lukin, v. P. Lukin, I. P. RAS VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt SB sq Acad Zuev 1 Tomsk 634055 Russia

This work is an analytical review of the components of modern technology for creating adaptive optics systems for correcting the distortion of optical waves propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. The work consists of the following parts: description of a technique for measuring fluctuations of optical waves in an atmospheric path, theoretical calculations of fluctuations by analytical analysis and mathematical modeling methods, technology for predicting turbulent air movement by the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations and, finally, constructing adaptive optics systems that compensate for the turbulent distortions in optoelectronic image construction systems. Attention is focused on the peculiarities of fluctuations of specially created Laguerre-Gaussian and Bessel-Gaussian beams. Features of the propagation of vortex Laguerre-Gaussian and vortex Bessel-Gaussian beams for the transfer of orbital angular momentum through a turbulent medium are shown. Effects of the relative attenuation of phase and intensity fluctuations of the vortex-free Bessel-Gaussian beams in comparison with similar characteristics of the Gaussian beams are found. The integral scale of the coherence degree of the vortex Bessel-Gaussian beams and vortex conic waves is revealed to be highly sensitive to the influence of atmospheric turbulence, in contrast to the coherence radius of these beams and waves. Arguments are given in favor of the feasibility of constructing adaptive optical systems for a wide-aperture solar telescope operating under a strong atmospheric turbulence.

关键词： optical waves atmospheric turbulence measurements fluctuations Laguerre-Gaussian beams Bessel-Gaussian beams adaptive correction

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Analysis of satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution with adaptive optics

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NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2024年第2期26卷 023039页

作者： Acosta, v. Marulanda Dequal, D. Schiavon, M. Montmerle-Bonnefois, A. Lim, C. B. Conan, J-M Diamanti, E. Univ Paris Saclay DOTA ONERA F-91123 Palaiseau France Sorbonne Univ CNRS LIP6 F-75005 Paris France Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Telecommun & Nav Div Matera Italy Univ PSL Sorbonne Univ CNRS Observ ParisLNE SYRTE F-75014 Paris France

Future quantum communication infrastructures will rely on both terrestrial and space-based links integrating high-performance optical systems engineered for this purpose. In space-based downlinks in particular, the loss budget and the variations in the signal propagation due to atmospheric turbulence effects impose a careful optimization of the coupling of light in single-mode fibers required for interfacing with the receiving stations and the ground networks. In this work, we perform a comprehensive study of the role of adaptive optics (AO) in this optimization, focusing on realistic baseline configurations of prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution, with both discrete and continuous-variable encoding, and including finite-size effects. Our analysis uses existing experimental turbulence datasets at both day and night time to model the coupled signal statistics following a wavefront distortion correction with AO, and allows us to estimate the secret key rate for a range of critical parameters, such as turbulence strength, satellite altitude and ground telescope diameter. The results we derive illustrate the interest of adopting advanced AO techniques in several practical configurations.

关键词： adaptive optics quantum key distribution satellite QKD.

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adaptive optics telemetry tools for REvOLT: a deep dive into telemetry 9

Adaptive optics telemetry tools for REVOLT: a deep dive into...

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conference on adaptive optics systems IX

作者： van Kooten, Maaike A. M. Jackson, Kate Dunn, Jennifer Chapin, Ed Steinbring, Eric veran, Jean-Pierre Lardiere, Olivier Kerley, Dan Kumar, Tarun Andersen, David Taheri, Mojtaba Herzberg Astron & Astrophys Res 5071 W Saanich Rd Victoria BC V9E 2E7 Canada Univ Victoria Dept Phys & Astron 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada TMT Int Observ 100 W Walnut Dr Pasadena CA 91124 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781510675186;9781510675179

REvOLT (Research, Experiment and validation of adaptive optics with a Legacy Telescope) is an adaptive optics (AO) system on the 1.2-m telescope at the Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre which is intended to demonstrate various AO developments, technologies, and algorithms. This AO system is a platform to test the Herzberg Extensible adaptive optics Real-time Toolkit (HEART) where new AO control features can be exercised on-sky ahead of deployment on a facility class instrument. In this paper, we present various analysis of the telemetry produced by HEART and its various wavefront-sensing arms that enable both open- and closed-loop operation including a closed-loop Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, a closed-loop pyramid wavefront sensor, and an open-loop Shack-Hartmann. Employing REvOLT's single-conjugate AO configuration, we look at extracting the Fried parameter and other atmospheric parameters from the telemetry and compare the results to an in-situ Ring Image Next Generation Scintillation Sensor (RINGSS) atmospheric seeing monitor and optical turbulence profiler. Finally, we discuss the AO s ystem's r ejection-transfer f unction and overall system's performance.

关键词： adaptive optics REvOLT Telemetry Single Conjugate AO Pyramid HEART

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GTCAO low-frequency tip-tilt offload to M2 9

GTCAO low-frequency tip-tilt offload to M2

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conference on adaptive optics systems IX

作者： de la Rosa, J. Marco Rosicha, J. Tubio, O. Basden, A. Patron, J. Montilla, I Lopez, R. L. Puga, M. Simoes, R. Gonzalez, E. Luis, M. De Paz, H. Huertas, M. Fernandez, S. Navarro, S. Lombardi, G. Reyes, M. Bejar, v. J. S. Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC San Cristobal la Laguna Spain Univ Durham Durham England Gran Telescopio Canarias GTC Santa Cruz De Tenerife Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781510675186;9781510675179

GTCAO is the instrument that implements adaptive optics on GTC. For atmospheric turbulence correction, GTCAO uses a deformable mirror. Unlike other AO systems, GTCAO does not include a dedicated mirror for low-frequency tip-tilt (TT) correction. In the absence of dedicated correction, the TT components of atmospheric turbulence are corrected by the deformable mirror (DM), using a significant portion of its working range and potentially leading to saturation. To mitigate this effect, GTCAO calculates low-frequency TT and offloads its correction to the telescope secondary mirror (M2) and primary axes. These actions optimize the use of the deformable mirror range for higher frequencies correction and extends the deformable mirror lifespan. This paper describes the approach implemented for calculating low-frequency TT from the information provided by the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and the state of the DM, in both open-loop and closed-loop operation modes. Laboratory tests and telescope real observation results are also presented.

关键词： GTCAO close-loop GTC adaptive optics realtime atmospheric turbulence.

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Development of an adaptive optical system for stabilizing laser radiation and correcting its turbulent distortions 16

Development of an adaptive optical system for stabilizing la...

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XvI International conference on Pulsed Lasers and Laser Applications 2023

作者： Antoshkin, L.v. Lavrinov, v.v. Lavrinova, L.N. Selin, A.A. V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS 1 Academician Zuev square Tomsk634055 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781510671386

For studies of algorithms for stabilizing laser radiation during propagation in a randomly inhomogeneous medium, the problem of emulating atmospheric turbulence with the condition of repeatability of atmospheric parameters becomes topical. The second problem is to increase the speed and accuracy of the adaptive optical system by minimizing the error that occurs due to the displacement of the recorded beam image at the input aperture of the system during the time between frames caused by the turbulent atmosphere. A description is given of the stand of an adaptive optical system operating in the mode of emulating the tilts of the laser radiation wave front on a turbulent path with an additional loop for advanced correction of the beam tilt angle error due to the delay of the correcting Tip-Tilt mirror. © 2023 SPIE

关键词： atmospheric turbulence

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Design update of the laser guide star system for NFIRAOS using the C-Blue One camera 9

Design update of the laser guide star system for NFIRAOS usi...

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conference on adaptive optics systems IX

作者： Crane, Jeffrey Atwood, Jenny Herriot, Glen Jackson, Kate Lothrop, Jordan Rautio-Roe, Emma veran, Jean-Pierre NRC Herzberg Astron & Astrophys Re Search Ctr 5071 West Saanich Rd Victoria BC V9E 2E7 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781510675186;9781510675179

NFIRAOS is the first-light adaptive optics system for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). It features a laser guide star wavefront sensor system, which helps to correct atmospheric distortion over a 2 arc-minute field of view. Since the final design review for NFIRAOS in 2018, a trade-study was undertaken to consider a new camera from First Light Imaging called C-Blue One as the LGS wavefront sensor. A redesign of the LGS subsystem of NFIRAOS was undertaken to incorporate this new wavefront sensor into the design with updated AO tolerances, optics, and a new relay system to reimage a high density lenslet-array onto the small sensor.

关键词： Laser guide star shack hartmann wavefront sensor TMT deformable mirror sodium

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Using the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm to reconstruct nonmodulated pyramid wavefront sensor measurements

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ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 2024年 681卷

作者： Chambouleyron, v. Sengupta, A. Salama, M. van Kooten, M. Gerard, B. L. Haffert, S. Y. Cetre, S. Dillon, D. Kupke, R. Jensen-Clem, R. Hinz, P. Macintosh, B. Univ Calif Santa Cruz 1156 High St Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA Herzberg Astron & Astrophys 5071 West Saanich Rd Victoria BC V9E 2E7 Canada Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab 7000 East Ave Livermore CA 94550 USA Univ Arizona Steward Observ Tucson AZ USA Ctr Adv Instrumentat Lower Mt Joy South Rd Durham DH1 3LS England Waka Consulting 4 Rue Joseph Bouchayer F-38100 Grenoble France

Context. adaptive optics (AO) is a technique for improving the resolution of ground-based telescopes by correcting optical aberrations due to atmospheric turbulence and the telescope itself in real time. With the rise of giant segmented-mirror telescopes (GSMT), AO is needed more than ever to reach the full potential of these future observatories. One of the main performance drivers of an AO system is the wavefront-sensing operation, consisting of measuring the shape of the optical aberrations described ***. The nonmodulated pyramid wavefront sensor (nPWFS) is a wavefront sensor with high sensitivity, allowing the limits of AO systems to be pushed. The high sensitivity comes at the expense of its dynamic range, which makes it a highly nonlinear sensor. We propose here a novel way to invert nPWFS signals by using the principle of reciprocity of light propagation and the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) ***. We tested the performance of this reconstructor in two steps: the technique was first implemented in simulations, where some of its basic properties were studied. Then, the GS reconstructor was tested on the Santa Cruz Extreme adaptive optics Laboratory (SEAL) testbed, located at the University of California Santa ***. This new way to invert the nPWFS measurements allows us to drastically increase the dynamic range of the reconstruction for the nPWFS, pushing the dynamics close to a modulated PWFS. The reconstructor is an iterative algorithm with a high computational burden, which could be an issue for real-time purposes in its current implementation. However, this new reconstructor could still be helpful for various wavefront-control operations. This reconstruction technique has also been successfully tested on the Santa Cruz Extreme AO Laboratory (SEAL) bench, where it is now used as the standard way to invert nPWFS signal.

关键词： instrumentation: adaptive optics instrumentation: high angular resolution

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Effectiveness of adaptive optics for Coherent Laser Communications in atmospheric Turbulence 5

Effectiveness of Adaptive Optics for Coherent Laser Communic...

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conference on Environmental Effects on Light propagation and adaptive systems v

作者： Toselli, Italo Gladysz, Szymon Fraunhofer IOSB Fraunhofer Inst Optron Syst Technol & Image Explo Gutleuthausstr 1 D-76275 Ettlingen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781510655362;9781510655355

We theoretically investigate how adaptive optics (AO) can reduce symbol error probability (SEP) of free-space optical communications systems based on phase-shift keying heterodyne coherent receivers. In our analysis we use an updated model for describing the optical turbulence-induced fading present in coherent communications systems and it is assumed that AO is implemented at the receiver side. We consider the ideal case of partial phase conjugation, or in other words, we assume that the Zernike modes (up to the specific number N-modes) can be corrected with 100% accuracy. Results show that removal of several modes from the turbulence-affected wavefront allows to reach values of SEP that are typically required in coherent laser communications.

关键词： atmospheric turbulence optical system performances coherent laser communications

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Self-focusing pin-like optical vortex beams resist atmospheric turbulence propagation for the space optical communication 3

Self-focusing pin-like optical vortex beams resist atmospher...

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3rd International conference on Laser, optics, and Optoelectronic Technology, LOPET 2023

作者： Xu, Yue Lan, Bin Liu, Chao Chen, Mo Sun, Haojun Zhang, You Xian, Hao National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Chengdu610209 China Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Chengdu610209 China Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Chengdu610209 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510667624

Using the optical vortex beams (OvBs) can further improve the communication rate and spectrum utilization of the conventional space optical communication systems. In order to suppress the atmospheric turbulence effects in the space OvBs communication links, as well as to make the communication links simpler. We introduced the pin-like optical vortex beams (POvBs) that can dynamically self-focus during the free-space propagation. The POvBs have ability to counteract diffraction effects and atmospheric turbulence effects, and can maintain stable propagation with constant shape over long distances in the free-space. We theoretically analyzed the POvBs and experimentally demonstrated their stable propagation performance in the simulated atmospheric turbulence. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： atmospheric turbulence

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