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Adaptive TFDM coherent PON: a flexible architecture with variable modulation formats and baud rates for next-generation optical access networks

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JOURNAL OF OPTICAL communications AND NETWORKING 2025年第7期17卷 C11-C21页

作者： Zhang, Haipeng Jia, Zhensheng Campos, Luis Alberto Choutagunta, Karthik Knittle, Curtis Cable Televis Labs Inc 858 Coal Creek Circle Louisville CO 80027 USA

This paper presents a highly adaptable and flexible TFDM coherent PON architecture, designed to address the diverse service requirements of next-generation optical access networks. We introduce an innovative approach featuring flexible modulation formats, adaptable baud rates, and dynamic link budget management, enabling the support of various service groups with tailored data rates and reach. Two experimental demonstrations validate the proposed TFDM coherent PON design. In the first demonstration, DSCs with 6.25 GBd DP-QPSK and DP-16QAM modulation provide 25 and 50 Gb/s data rates over 80 and 50 km reaches, respectively, while supporting both P2P link and P2MP links with up to 128 end users. The second demonstration further explores the adaptability of the system, with DSCs employing different baud rates: 6.25 GBd DP-QPSK, 12.5 GBd DP-16QAM, and 15.625 GBd DP-64QAM, delivering 25, 100, and 187.5 Gb/s data rates over varying distances and user counts. The second experiment also incorporates OOB communication channels for potential MAC control and OAM functionalities, showcasing the robust performance and versatility of the proposed TFDM coherent PON. This work extends our recent ECOC publication [European conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) (Frankfurt, Germany, 2024), paper Tu3D.2], offering a more comprehensive view of the capabilities and future potential of TFDM-based coherent access networks.

关键词： Passive optical networks Optical fiber networks High-speed optical techniques Optical transmitters Optical network units Optical modulation Optical fibers Spectral efficiency Optical fiber sensors next generation networking

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Simulation Analysis of Traffic Characteristics of Elastic Optical networks Nodes with Priority-Based Call Admission control Mechanisms 5

Simulation Analysis of Traffic Characteristics of Elastic Op...

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5th International conference on Broadband communications for next generation networks and Multimedia Applications (CoBCom)

作者： Glabowski, Mariusz Sobieraj, Maciej Zwierzykowski, Piotr Poznan Univ Tech Fac Comp & Telecommun PL-60965 Poznan Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388466;9798350388459

The impact on the traffic characteristics of current telecommunications networks is a very important issue from the point of view of high load and, consequently, optimal use of resources. The article presents an analysis of the traffic characteristics of elastic optical network (EON) nodes in which the structure of a 3-stage Clos switching network was used. The results of the loss probability and average resource utilization of the output directions are obtained using a simulator developed and implemented by the authors.

关键词： 3-stage Clos switching network elastic optical networks frequency slot unit loss probability prioritization mechanism reservation mechanism

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SecT: A Zero-Trust Framework for Secure Remote Access in next-generation Industrial networks

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in communications 2025年第6期43卷 2293-2311页

作者： Asim, Muhammad Tariq, Noshina Awad, Ali Ismail Waheed, Fahad Ullah, Ubaid Murtaza, Ghulam National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences A.K Brohi Road H-11/4 Islamabad44000 Pakistan United Arab Emirates University College of Information Technology Al Ain15551 United Arab Emirates

next-generation industrial networks are designed to integrate a wide range of devices, services, and applications spanning multiple technologies, such as cloud platforms, edge computing, and the Internet of Things. With the growing adoption of applications such as "Industry 4.0,"high security and low latency are becoming unavoidable requirements for these networks. Traditional virtual private networks (VPNs) generally experience performance, latency, and security issues, especially when supporting secure remote access for Industry 4.0 and ehealth applications. To address these issues, this study introduces a novel zero-trust network-access framework for next-generation industrial networks called Secure Transmission (SecT). SecT is a User Datagram Protocol (UDP)-based solution, ensuring speed and effectiveness, with role-based access control. It uses a centralized management interface that can adapt to various network environments, providing secure access to mission-critical applications and increasing operational agility. SecT aims to meet the emerging demands of modern industrial networks, offering secure access with improved performance. The results of a comparative analysis show that SecT outperforms traditional VPNs in both capability and flexibility, adapting well to new network conditions. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud platforms

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Deep Learning-Based Beam Selection in RIS-Aided Maritime next-generation networks with Application in Autonomous Vessel Mooring

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JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2025年第4期13卷 754-754页

作者： Bartsiokas, Ioannis A. Avdikos, George K. Lyridis, Dimitrios V. Natl Tech Univ Athens Sch Elect & Comp Engn Microwave & Fiber Opt Lab Zografos 15780 Athens Greece Natl Tech Univ Athens Sch Naval Architecture & Marine Engn Lab Maritime Transport Athens 15773 Greece

Maritime communication networks are critical for supporting the increasing demands of oceanic and coastal activities, including shipping, fishing, and offshore operations. However, traditional systems face significant challenges in providing reliable, high-throughput connectivity due to dynamic sea environments, mobility, and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) conditions. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been proposed as a promising solution to overcome these limitations by enabling programmable control of electromagnetic wave propagation in next-generation mobile communication networks, such as beyond fifth generation and sixth generation ones (B5G/6G). This paper presents a deep learning-based (DL) scheme for beam selection in RIS-aided maritime next-generation networks. The proposed approach leverages deep learning to optimize beam selection dynamically, enhancing signal quality, coverage, and network efficiency in complex maritime environments. By integrating RIS configurations with data-driven insights, the proposed framework adapts to changing channel conditions and potential vessel mobility while minimizing latency and computational overhead. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in both machine learning (ML) metrics, such as beam selection accuracy, and overall communication reliability compared to traditional methods. More specifically, the proposed scheme reaches around 99% Top-K Accuracy levels while jointly improving energy efficiency (ee) and spectral efficiency (SE) by approx. 2 times compared to state-of-the-art approaches. This study provides a robust foundation for employing DL in RIS-aided maritime networks, contributing to the advancement of intelligent, high-performance wireless communication systems for advanced maritime applications, such as autonomous mooring, the autonomous approach, and just-in-time arrival (JIT).

关键词： machine learning deep learning maritime communications B5G sixth-generation communication networks beam selection radio resource management autonomous mooring smart port

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A Bayesian Optimization Algorithm to Improve the Spatial Reuse in the next-generation WLANs 20

A Bayesian Optimization Algorithm to Improve the Spatial Reu...

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20th IEEE International Wireless communications and Mobile Computing (IEEE IWCMC) - Green and Intelligent communications

作者： Liu, Jianzhao Liu, Yang Zhang, Junxiong Ge, Xiaohu Xu, Aibo Zhao, Mingming Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect Informat & Commun Wuhan Peoples R China Wuhan Fiberhome Tech Serv Co Ltd Wuhan Hubei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361261;9798350361278

The dense deployment of wireless nodes in the next generation of wireless local area networks (WLANs) poses a potential threat to network performance. Enhancing spatial reuse (SR) in WLANs can effectively address this issue. Dynamic clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold and transmit power control are crucial techniques to improve SR. This paper formulates the SR problem as a multi-armed bandit problem. A Bayesian optimization online learning algorithm with Gaussian process is proposed to optimize CCA thresholds and transmit power jointly. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with the default configuration and Thompson sampling algorithm across four performance metrics with the NS-3 simulator. The results demonstrate that our algorithm can significantly diminish cumulative regret, amplify total throughput, reduce the number of nodes in starvation, and improve overall network fairness.

关键词： wireless local area networks spatial reuse clear channel assessment power control multi-arm bandit

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Multipath TCP Over Multi-Hop Heterogeneous Wireless IoT networks 59

Multipath TCP Over Multi-Hop Heterogeneous Wireless IoT Netw...

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59th Annual IEEE International conference on communications (IEEE ICC)

作者： Guo, Jianlin Parsons, Kieran Nagai, Yukimasa Sumi, Takenori Sakaguchi, Naotaka Tsuchida, Hikaru Wang, Pu Orlik, Philip MERL Cambridge MA 02139 USA Mitsubishi Electr Corp Informat Technol R&D Ctr Kamakura Kanagawa 2478501 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190549

With the advent of 5G and beyond communication technologies, the consumer IoT devices are evolving from current generation to next generation. next generation IoT devices can support multiple communication interfaces and perform more functions. Accordingly, IoT network technologies must adapt to the emerging multi-link devices to improve network performance. Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is desired for networks with multi-link devices and has achieved success in computer networks. However, MPTCP has not been well studied for wireless networks. To that end, this paper presents MPTCP techniques for heterogeneous wireless IoT networks consisting of IEEE 802.15.4 nodes and 5G nodes. We propose a path builder, an adaptive congestion controller and an innovative path scheduler. We evaluated our MPTCP techniques under varying network configurations. Compared with conventional MPTCP, the proposed MPTCP can significantly reduce the number of packet transmissions, shorten packet delivery time, improve network throughput and packet delivery rate.

关键词： Multipath TCP round trip time path scheduling path construction congestion control IoT networks

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Location-Based Medium Access control for next-generation Industrial IoT networks 59

Location-Based Medium Access Control for Next-Generation Ind...

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59th Annual IEEE International conference on communications (IEEE ICC)

作者： Ajeena, Ahmed Gao, Jie Hayat, Majeed M. Zhao, Lian Shen, Xuemin (Sherman) Marquette Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Milwaukee WI 53233 USA Carleton Univ Sch Informat Technol Ottawa ON Canada Toronto Metropolitan Univ Dept Elect Comp & Biomed Engn Toronto ON Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Elect & Comp Engn Waterloo ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190549

A medium access control (MAC) protocol design is proposed in this paper for next-generation industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) networks. Considering a non-fully connected network with multiple access points (APs), we aim to connect a massive number of IIoT devices densely populating the network and minimize the delay in channel access without packet collisions. To achieve this objective, we propose a device location-based medium access control design, which integrates scheduled access and carrier sensing. In our design, devices are assigned to time slots based on their locations, and the assignments are coordinated among APs to eliminate collisions while maximizing channel utilization. To analyze the performance of the proposed design, we derive the average delay each device experiences with the proposed scheduling scheme and verify our analysis via simulations of an IIoT network with 19 APs and over 17000 devices. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed design in supporting massive connections while at the same time achieving low delay.

关键词： Medium access control industrial Internet of Things massive machine type communications (mMTC)

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When and how to update AI/ML models in 6G resource-constrained network domains?

When and how to update AI/ML models in 6G resource-constrain...

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Joint European conference on networks and communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)

作者： Brito, Flavin Cisneros, Josue Castaneda Ghebretensae, Zere Linder, Neiva Odling, Per Ericsson AB Stockholm Sweden Lund Univ Lund Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344998;9798350345001

Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) are steadily becoming widespread across all layers in the current mobile network generation. The next generation of networks, namely 6G, will consider AI/ML as a foundational block to deliver all expected results of such networks. Thus, the management of AI/ML applications across different layers of 6G is paramount for the success of the next generation of mobile networks. However, current approaches to the management of AI/ML, namely Machine Learning Operations (MLOps), focus mostly on independent AI/ML operations for a specific problem with the goal of improving the performance of the overall models of the AI/ML application. While this approach is useful for scenarios where resources are plentiful, such as the cloud layer, in resource-constrained network domains, focusing only on performance is not the best approach. For example, in the network edge domain, resources such as energy and computation are limited;thus, when and how to update an AI/ML model is a critical question to answer. In this paper, we focus on MLOps in scenarios with limited resources. To this end, we propose a network component for 6G, namely the Model Manager. This component automatically decides when and how to update a given AI/ML model based on both performance and resource consumption points of view. For this, we introduce a Model Manager model score to decide the approach to updating an AI/ML model. Our experiments show that by using this score, the model manager could find suitable situations on how to update a model without manual configuration.

关键词： MLOps 6G Mobile networks AI/ML

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Enabling next-generation Industrial networks with Industrial PON

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IEEE communications MAGAZINE 2023年第4期61卷 129-135页

作者： Jiang, Ming Luo, Yuanqiu Zhang, Dezhi Effenberger, Frank Jin, Jialiang Ansari, Nirwan China Telecom Res Inst Network Technol Res Dept Beijing Peoples R China China Telecom Res Inst China Telecom Grp Beijing Peoples R China China Telecom Res Inst Ctr Access Network Res Beijing Peoples R China Futurewei Technol Opt Access Stand Santa Clara CA USA Futurewei Technol Santa Clara CA USA New Jersey Inst Technol Elect & Comp Engn Newark NJ 07102 USA

Traditional industrial networks primarily focus on onsite device operation and worker safety. They do not engage in the ongoing digital transformation with remote control machinery and big data processing. The next-generation of industrial networks is expected to offer high-speed connectivity, intelligent management, and flexible architecture to adapt to technology advances and business competitions. Data from the environment, machinery, and offices should be collected and analyzed to support automated procedures related to an industry. In this article, a network architecture based on the passive optical network (PON) technology, the so-called industrial PON, is proposed to enable the next-generation industrial networks. It manages the network resource via a three-layer structure. Recent industrial PON implementations deployed by a Tier 1 operator are investigated in detail to evaluate the solution feasibility and network performance. Results demonstrate that the industrial PON can connect various business assets, provide data exchange to automate industrial processes, and manage the business to improve production efficiency.

关键词： Business next generation networking Production Passive optical networks Sensors conferences Surveillance

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Transforming Future 6G networks via O-RAN-Empowered NTNs

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IEEE communications MAGAZINE 2025年第3期63卷 76-82页

作者： Mahboob, Shadab Dai, Jiongyu Soysal, Alkan Liu, Lingjia Virginia Tech Comp Engn Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Dept Elect & Comp Engn Blacksburg VA USA

This article presents the open radio access network (O-RAN)'s pivotal role in empowering non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) within future 6th generation (6G) cellular frameworks. O-RAN facilitates interoperable interfaces, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven network control, and cost-efficient disaggregated network architectures for the next-generation mobile networks. NTNs are anticipated to play a significant role in the evolution of future 6G networks, offering widespread, sustainable, and reliable connectivity. We investigate unique architectural challenges introduced by the O-RAN-empowered NTN framework and discuss solutions leveraging AI for predicting future network state information. First, we explore the relevant background and motivating factors for the O-RAN-empowered NTNs. Then, we propose potential architectures and address a key design question related to the placement of the RAN intelligent controller (RIC) in the integrated framework. next, we present a case study demonstrating the feasibility of placing the near-real-time RIC on the ground in regenerative architectures. This approach utilizes deep learning-based AI prediction of network states from delayed feedback, and approaches the performance of RIC-on-satellite case conserving energy. Finally, we offer future research directions for exploring various options within the O-RAN-empowered NTN framework.

关键词： Open RAN Satellites Payloads 6G mobile communication Propagation delay Artificial intelligence Computer architecture Resource management Low earth orbit satellites Delays

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