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Joint European conference on networks and communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)

作者： Pires, Rafael Blue, Henry Malinen, Jere De Angelis, Michael Giardina, Pietro G. Landi, Giada Laukkanen, Matti Ahola, Kimmo Porambage, Pawani VTT Tech Res Ctr Espoo Finland Nextworks Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344998;9798350345001

This research delves deeply into the integration of collaborative robots (cobots) in the context of advancing 6G technology, aiming to enhance situational awareness. The research underscores the critical importance of Closed-Loop (CL) cobot control within the evolving 6G network architecture, enabling increased automation and improved adaptability. The study provides a comprehensive background on Intent-Based networks (IBN) and CL mechanisms, introduces an application scenario, and outlines a framework for implementing CL systems in cobot cluster networks. An experimental setup is detailed, and a CL-enabled application migration use-case is demonstrated. This work contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discussion on the evolution of next-generation networks.

关键词： 6G cobots Intent-Based networks

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Electromagnetic Wave control with next-generation Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) 22

Electromagnetic Wave Control with Next-Generation Reconfigur...

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22nd Annual International conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services (MOBISYS)

作者： Phon, Ratanak Lor, Chhunheng Lim, Sungjoon Chung Ang Univ Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798400705816

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is a promising technology for enhancing wireless networks in challenging environments. While existing RIS designs can manipulate basic electromagnetic properties like amplitude and phase, it lacks control over polarization. This paper presents a novel RIS design with four independently controllable varactors. This design enables independent and continuous tuning of amplitude and phase for both co-polarization and cross-polarization channels, providing greater flexibility and improved performance in next-generation wireless networks. A fabricated prototype showcases two key functionalities: beam-steering with combined amplitude control, and beam-steering with six user-defined distinct polarizations.

关键词： RIS EM wave manipulation amplitude-phase tunability beam-steering polarization control

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Listen-While-Talking: Toward dApp-based Real-Time Spectrum Sharing in O-RAN

Listen-While-Talking: Toward dApp-based Real-Time Spectrum S...

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2024 Military communications conference

作者： Gangula, Rajeev Lacava, Andrea Polese, Michele D'Oro, Salvatore Bonati, Leonardo Kaltenberger, Florian Johari, Pedram Melodia, Tommaso Northeastern Univ Inst Wireless Internet Things Boston MA 02115 USA Sapienza Univ Rome Rome Italy EURECOM Biot France

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374247;9798350374230

This demo paper presents a dApp-based real-time spectrum sharing scenario where a 5th generation (5G) base station implementing the NR stack adapts its transmission and reception strategies based on the incumbent priority users in the Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) band. The dApp is responsible for obtaining relevant measurements from the next generation Node Base (gNB), running the spectrum sensing inference, and configuring the gNB with a control action upon detecting the primary incumbent user transmissions. This approach is built on dApps, which extend the O-RAN framework to the real-time and user plane domains. Thus, it avoids the need of dedicated Spectrum Access Systems (SASs) in the CBRS band. The demonstration setup is based on the open-source 5G OpenAirInterface (OAI) framework, where we have implemented a dApp interfaced with a gNB and communicating with a Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) User Equipment (UE) in an over-the-air wireless environment. When an incumbent user has active transmission, the dApp will detect and inform the primary user presence to the gNB. The dApps will also enforce a control policy that adapts the scheduling and transmission policy of the Radio Access Network (RAN). This demo provides valuable insights into the potential of using dApp-based spectrum sensing with O-RAN architecture in next generation cellular networks.

关键词： Radio access networks

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CustRouting: Trusted and Customized Routing in Integrated Heterogeneous networks

CustRouting: Trusted and Customized Routing in Integrated He...

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IEEE/CIC International conference on communications in China (ICCC)

作者： Zhang, Jialei Yan, Zheng Wang, Haiguang Liang, Xueqin Li, Tieyan Xidian Univ Sch Cyber Engn Xian Peoples R China Huawei Technol Singapore Res Ctr Shield Lab Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378412

The next-generation network intends to integrate different types of networks, including IP networks and mobile cellular networks, to form an integrated heterogeneous network (Inte-HetNet). Routing in the Inte-HetNet requires the collaboration of different types of networks and considers user routing preferences. However, existing work focuses on a specific type of network without considering various user requirements, resulting in poor user experience, bad network performance, and low data transmission efficiency. To this end, we propose CustRouting, a customized cross-domain routing method in Inte-HeNet that considers user requirements. Concretely, we weight different user requirements to provide customized routing services to users accordingly. Meanwhile, we employ Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and Segment Routing (SR) to realize inter-domain routing and end-to-end data transmission. We evaluate the performance of CustRouting and demonstrate its advantages in terms of trustworthiness and customization by comparing it with existing work.

关键词： integrated heterogeneous network IP network communication network customized routing QoS QoT

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A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Adaptive Traffic Routing in next-gen networks 59

A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Adaptive Traffic ...

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59th Annual IEEE International conference on communications (IEEE ICC)

作者： Abrol, Akshita Mohan, Purnima Murali Truong-Huu, Tram Singapore Inst Technol SIT Singapore Singapore ASTAR Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190549

next-gen networks require significant evolution of management to enable automation and adaptively adjust network configuration based on traffic dynamics. The advent of software-defined networking (SDN) and programmable switches enables flexibility and programmability. However, traditional techniques that decide traffic policies are usually based on hand-crafted programming optimization and heuristic algorithms. These techniques make non-realistic assumptions, e.g., considering static network load and topology, to obtain tractable solutions, which are inadequate for next-gen networks. In this paper, we design and develop a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach for adaptive traffic routing. We design a deep graph convolutional neural network (DGCNN) integrated into the DRL framework to learn the traffic behavior from not only the network topology but also link and node attributes. We adopt the Deep Q-Learning technique to train the DGCNN model in the DRL framework without the need for a labeled training dataset, enabling the framework to quickly adapt to traffic dynamics. The model leverages q-value estimates to select the routing path for every traffic flow request, balancing exploration and exploitation. We perform extensive experiments with various traffic patterns and compare the performance of the proposed approach with the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol. The experimental results show the effectiveness and adaptiveness of the proposed framework by increasing the network throughput by up to 7.8% and reducing the traffic delay by up to 16.1% compared to OSPF.

关键词： Reinforcement Learning Deep Graph Convolution Neural networks Adaptive Traffic Routing Deep Q-Network next generation Networking

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User-dedicated optical path switching with optical-wireless cooperative control for low-latency and seamless handover

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JOURNAL OF OPTICAL communications AND NETWORKING 2024年第10期16卷 1050-1058页

作者： Miyamoto, Kenji Ujikawa, Hirotaka Shimada, Tatsuya Yoshida, Tomoaki NTT Corp NTT Access Network Serv Syst Labs 1-1 Hikari No Oka Yokosuka Kanagawa 2390847 Japan

We propose a user-dedicated optical path switching technique for low-latency and seamless handover in the radio access network (RAN) with the all-photonic network (APN). The APN is a network that connects end points directly with optical paths of dedicated wavelengths assigned to each user and provides large-capacity and low-latency connections. As mobile systems beyond 5th generation (5G) and 6th generation (6G) will require extremely low latency, applying the APN to the RAN is promising to achieve this. However, the RAN with the APN has a challenge in optical path switching during the handover procedure of mobile systems because optical switches that compose the APN do not have an Internet protocol (IP) layer function that enables routing control for handover in the conventional router network. Our proposed optical path switching technique to solve this challenge utilizes optical-wireless cooperative control and switches an optical path dedicated to user equipment (UE) executing handover in conjunction with its handover procedure. The key point of the proposed technique is that a next generation node B (gNB) transmits an optimal-timing optical path switching trigger to the optical switch. We experimentally demonstrated the generation of a dedicated optical path for UE in the RAN with the APN as a premise to enable the proposed optical path switching technique. To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optical path switching technique, we experimentally compared the optical switch and router in terms of latency performance, packet loss, and packet misdirection in the path switching during handover. The results indicated successful optical path switching during handover without packet loss and packet misdirection while reducing the latency per single network equipment by 99%, from 4 mu s for the router to 45 ns for the optical switch.

关键词： Optical switches Handover Optical packet switching Passive optical networks Downlink IP networks Uplink

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Deep Unfolding Beamforming and Power control Designs for Multi-Port Matching networks

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS communications 2025年第2期24卷 1401-1414页

作者： Xu, Bokai Zhang, Jiayi Lin, Qingfeng Xiao, Huahua Wu, Yik-Chung Ai, Bo State Key Lab Adv Rail Autonomous Operat Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect & Elect Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China ZTE Corp State Key Lab Mobile Network & Mobile Multimedia T Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China

The key technologies of sixth generation (6G), such as ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), enable intricate interactions between antennas and wireless propagation environments. As a result, it becomes necessary to develop joint models that encompass both antennas and wireless propagation channels. To achieve this, we utilize the multi-port communication theory, which considers impedance matching among the source, transmission medium, and load to facilitate efficient power transfer. Specifically, we first investigate the impact of insertion loss, mutual coupling, and other factors on the performance of multi-port matching networks. next, to further improve system performance, we explore two important deep unfolding designs for the multi-port matching networks: beamforming and power control, respectively. For the hybrid beamforming, we develop a deep unfolding framework, i.e., projected gradient descent (PGD)-Net based on unfolding projected gradient descent. For the power control, we design a deep unfolding network, graph neural network (GNN) aided alternating optimization (AO)-Net, which considers the interaction between different ports in optimizing power allocation. Numerical results verify the necessity of considering insertion loss in the dynamic metasurface antenna (DMA) performance analysis. Besides, the proposed PGD-Net based hybrid beamforming approaches approximate the conventional model-based algorithm with very low complexity. Moreover, our proposed power control scheme has a fast run time compared to the traditional weighted minimum mean squared error (WMMSE) method.

关键词： Array signal processing Antennas Wireless communication Mutual coupling Resource management Optimization Signal processing algorithms Radio frequency Power control Integrated circuit modeling Matching networks circuit theory deep unfolding mutual coupling beamforming

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SWIPT-Enabled RSMA Downlink networks with Imperfect CSI and SIC 25

SWIPT-Enabled RSMA Downlink Networks with Imperfect CSI and ...

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IEEE Wireless communications and Networking conference (IEEE WCNC)

作者： Karim, Farjam Mahmood, Nurul Huda de Sena, Arthur S. Kumar, Deepak Lopez, Onel L. A. Latva-aho, Matti Univ Oulu Ctr Wireless Commun Oulu Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350303582;9798350303599

Rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are capable of offering low latency, high bandwidth efficiency and superior multi-user connectivity whereas simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has the potential to improve energy efficiency and sustainability for future-generation networks. In this article, we study a SWIPT-enabled RSMA-aided downlink system with imperfect channel state information and imperfect successive interference cancellation. In particular, we evaluate the system performance by deriving closed-form expressions for key performance metrics such as outage probability, average power harvested at users, and throughput. Moreover, we validate the accuracy of the derived closed-form expressions using Monte Carlo simulations. Our results confirm RSMA can result in around 30% reduction of the per-user outage probability over NOMA.

关键词： Energy harvesting next-generation multiple access NOMA RSMA SWIPT

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High-performance system design for a large-scale AWG-based WDM star network

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JOURNAL OF OPTICAL communications AND NETWORKING 2025年第6期17卷 459-469页

作者： Chao, I-Fen Hsu, Kai-Yuan Yuan Ze Univ Dept Elect Engn Taoyuan Taiwan

Single-hop arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)-based wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks have attracted considerable attention in next-generation networks, especially due to their capability to support a large number of nodes within metropolitan areas. However, due to the static-wavelength-routing properties (non-broadcast nature) of AWG equipment, multiple copies of control information in the reservation-based medium access control (MAC) scheme must be sent to all output ports of the AWG device. Consequently, the control overhead becomes more severe, especially for large-scale networks such as data center networks. In this paper, we propose an AWG-node-connection network architecture that is capable of dividing all nodes into D self-competition subgroups using a D x D AWG device at the center of a star network. By employing this grouping approach, our scheme reduces the control overhead to 1/D of the previous conventional method, thereby significantly improving system performance. We further propose an MAC protocol that aims to resolve the contention among the nodes attached to different input-output ports of the AWG, maximize spatial reuse, ensure point-to-point transmission, and, importantly, enhance system throughput. Furthermore, our proposed scheme features a simple topology and straightforward hardware, making it suitable for large-scale networks such as data center networks. The simulation and analytic results demonstrate that, as the number of nodes increases, the proposed MAC scheme achieves exceptional system performance under a wide range of traffic loads and various system parameters. (c) 2025 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI)training, and similar technologies, are reserved.

关键词： Arrayed waveguide gratings Stars WDM networks Throughput Freeports Network architecture Data centers System performance Optical interconnections Receivers

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Beyond Certificates: 6G-ready Access control for the Service-Based Architecture with Decentralized Identifiers and Verifiable Credentials

Beyond Certificates: 6G-ready Access Control for the Service...

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Joint European conference on networks and communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)

作者： Garzon, Sandro Rodriguez Hai Dinh-Tuan Martinez, Maria Mora Kuepper, Axel Einsiedler, Hans Joachim Schneider, Daniela Tech Univ Berlin T Labs Serv Ctr Networking Berlin Germany Deutsch Telekom AG Grp Technol Berlin Germany Deutsch Telekom AG Core & Network Serv Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344998;9798350345001

next generation mobile networks are poised to transition from monolithic structures owned and operated by single mobile network operators into multi-stakeholder networks where various parties contribute with infrastructure, resources, and services. However, a federation of networks and services brings along a crucial challenge: Guaranteeing secure and trustworthy access control among network entities of different administrative domains. This paper introduces a novel technical concept and a prototype, outlining and implementing a 5G Service-Based Architecture that utilizes Decentralized Identifiers and Verifiable Credentials instead of traditional X.509 certificates and OAuth2.0 access tokens to authenticate and authorize network functions among each other across administrative domains. This decentralized approach to identity and permission management for network functions reduces the risk of single points of failure associated with centralized public key infrastructures. It unifies access control mechanisms and lays the groundwork for lesser complex and more trustful cross-domain key management for highly collaborative network functions in a multi-party Service-Based Architecture of 6G.

关键词： 6G Service-Based Architecture Access control Authentication Authorization Decentralized Identifiers Verifiable Credentials Distributed Ledger Security Trust

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