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Overview of Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial networks (HSTNs): Key Technologies and Upcoming Challenges

JOURNAL OF COMPUTER networks AND communications 2025年第1期2025卷

作者： Asgharzadeh-Bonab, Akbar Kalbkhani, Hashem Azimi, Yaser Ahmadi, Farid Urmia Univ Dept Elect Engn Orumiyeh Iran Urmia Univ Technol Fac Elect Engn Orumiyeh Iran Urmia Univ Dept Comp Engn Orumiyeh Iran Urmia Univ Technol Dept IT & Comp Engn Orumiyeh Iran

Hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks (HSTNs) represent a crucial technology in the advancement of next-generation communication systems, including 6 G. This paper presents an in-depth review of cooperative and cognitive HSTNs, highlighting the key technologies, system models, and performance metrics that define their operation. Our findings reveal that cooperative HSTNs, utilizing techniques like amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relay schemes, significantly enhance coverage and data rates by efficiently integrating satellite and terrestrial communication layers. In the cognitive domain, spectrum-sharing techniques, coupled with dynamic power control, are identified as essential in maximizing spectrum utilization and minimizing interference. The study further explores the impact of hardware impairments and evaluates innovative solutions, such as hybrid analog/digital precoding and rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA), to improve signal quality and system robustness. Open challenges such as energy efficiency optimization, interference management, and real-time adaptive resource allocation are discussed, providing a clear roadmap for future research directions. This paper aims to bridge the gap in the existing literature by offering a comprehensive analysis of the technological advancements and challenges in HSTNs, positioning them as a foundational element for the seamless integration of terrestrial and nonterrestrial networks in the 6 G era and beyond.

关键词： Real time control

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AI/ML-Based Sensing-Assisted Edge Computing in next-generation Mobile networks

AI/ML-Based Sensing-Assisted Edge Computing in Next-Generati...

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IEEE conference on Standards for communications and Networking (CSCN)

作者： Hossain, Abdullah Ridwan Kiani, Abbas Saboorian, Tony Xiang, Amanda Kaippallimali, John Ansari, Nirwan New Jersey Inst Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Newark NJ 07102 USA Futurewei Technol Inc Dept Wireless Stand & Res Santa Clara CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395389

Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) has received increased attention in light of the high-frequency bands to be employed by next-generation mobile networks;such waveform technologies natively support high-speed communications and high-resolution sensing, the latter of which, thus far, has been reserved exclusively for radar sensing platforms. To advance this integration, we propose two sensing parameters and corresponding analytics to be incorporated into two sequential optimization problems to minimize the latency in an end-to-end edge computing network. It is shown that without vital sensing functionalities, the network consistently executes poor offloading decisions. However, when equipped with crucial sensing-analytics, the best latency performance is guaranteed.

关键词： artificial intelligence core network edge computing latency offloading sensing

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AINeC: Automated Network performance Evaluation using AI-based Network Cloning 59

AINeC: Automated Network Performance Evaluation using AI-bas...

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59th Annual IEEE International conference on communications (IEEE ICC)

作者： Singh, Iqman Baweja, Moksh Kaur, Bhavleen Nehra, Anushka Jain, Ashish Singh, Sukhdeep Thaliath, Joseph Bhatia, Tarunpreet Hong, Peter Moonki Kumar, Neeraj Thapar Inst Engn & Technol Patiala Punjab India Samsung R&D India Bangalore Karnataka India Samsung Res Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190549

The evolution of telecommunications technology is at the cusp of a major transition from 5G to Beyond 5G networks. With this imminent shift, the demand for robust and efficient mitigation solutions has become increasingly vital. AI-based mitigation solutions for solving B5G network problems are directly pushed into the actual field or manually evaluated by the operator first. With Big Data involved in 5G and Beyond, evaluating them manually or without evaluation, pushing them into the real field might have severe consequences in the actual network. There is no intelligent and proactive platform to test the implications of ML models on the networks. In this paper, we propose a pioneering approach that involves the development of an AI-based 5G network clone to serve as a performance evaluation ground for AI-based mitigation solutions tailored for B5G networks. Our methodology outlines the initial phase of evaluating these mitigation solutions within the simulated environment of the AI-based 5G network clone, followed by their subsequent deployment in real-world network infrastructures. This strategy aims to ascertain the efficacy, reliability, and adaptability of the proposed solutions before their integration into the next-generation B5G networks.

关键词： Beyond 5G networks Machine Learning Network Cloning Big Data Artificial Intelligence Automation

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Impact of Waveband and Wavelength Switching in the next-generation Optical networks 24

Impact of Waveband and Wavelength Switching in the Next-Gene...

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24th International conference on Transparent Optical networks (ICTON)

作者： Masood, Muhammad Umar Khan, Ihtesham Correia, Bruno Tunesi, Lorenzo Marchisio, Andrea Ghillino, Enrico Bardella, Paolo Carena, Andrea Curri, Vittorio Politecn Torino Turin Italy Synopsys Gilbert AZ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377330;9798350377323

The rapid and significant increase in Internet traffic, driven by developments in 5G/6G mobile communications, video streaming, cloud computing, and other high-bandwidth applications, challenges the capabilities of existing optical network infrastructures. This progress necessitates the creation of optical networks that can be expanded, have large capacity, and are affordable. This article evaluates the performance of a new multi-band optical cross-connect (OXC) architecture that uses waveband (WB) switching technologies at the network level. WB switching, a technique that combines many wavelengths into larger bands for more efficient routing, is a potential solution to overcome future optical networks' scalability and complexity issues. WB switching streamlines network design and decreases operating costs by decreasing the number of necessary switching components, in contrast to standard wavelength (WL) switching, which treats each wavelength as a separate route. Our study, using extensive simulation evaluations, demonstrates the possibility of this design to provide the extensive parallelism and bandwidth capacity required for next-generation bandwidth-intensive optical networks. The results suggest that WB switching can greatly improve network performance by providing a simplified yet effective method for managing increasing data traffic. This represents a feasible way to achieve bandwidth-rich and highly parallel optical networks for the 6G era and beyond. This contribution establishes the foundation for future studies on enhancing optical network designs to address the increasing requirements of global communication without going into the details of routing and spectrum assignment schemes.

关键词： Hierarchical optical network Waveband paths Multi-band transmission

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Smart De-jittering using Network Digital Twin

Smart De-jittering using Network Digital Twin

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IEEE International Mediterranean conference on communications and Networking (IEEE MeditCom)

作者： Molla Rosello, Marc Lorenzo, Manuel Ericsson Technol & Innovat Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9798350309492;9798350309485

The evolution of mobile networks is converging with the pervasive digitalization of the industrial/manufacturing sector, which is demanding highly reliable and deterministic wireless networking. The performance levels of wireless networks are greatly enhanced from one generation to the next, but the variability of performance, especially with regards to latency, remains an issue to be addressed since most protocols and solutions are designed with the assumption that underlying networks shall deliver performance levels with very low variability, as it is the case, for example, of Ethernet networks. In this work, we address this critical issue, proposing and validating a novel solution approach for achieving effective de-jittering in 3GPP networks that does not require the modification of the end-user traffic (e.g. timestamping), thus enabling its implementation on current 5G networks without demanding special UEs or new 5GS capabilities. This solution approach is validated over a real 5G network deployed at 5Tonic laboratory.

关键词： 5g time-sensitive networking Network Digital Twin deep reinforcement learning 5tonic lab non-public networks

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Large-scale Heterogeneous Ultra-dense LEO Satellite-based Cellular networks

Large-scale Heterogeneous Ultra-dense LEO Satellite-based Ce...

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IEEE International conference on communications (IEEE ICC)

作者： Guo, Yuan Skouroumounis, Christodoulos Krikidis, Ioannis Univ Cyprus Dept Elect & Comp Engn IRIDA Res Ctr Commun Technol Nicosia Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9781538674628

Owing to the growing demand for ubiquitous connectivity, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite-based communication networks are envisioned as a key-enabling technology for the next-generation networks. However, the existing literature disregards the heterogeneous nature of the real-world LEO satellite networks. Motivated by this, in this paper, an analytical framework based on stochastic geometry is developed, aiming to assess the downlink coverage performance of the large-scale heterogeneous LEO satellite-based communication networks. Based on the proposed mathematical framework, we derive the analytical expressions for the coverage probability, by taking into account the existence of inter-cell interference. Our results show that the inter-cell interference and fading channels jeopardize the coverage performance. Moreover, increasing the transmit power can improve the coverage probability at the low signal-to-noise ratio regime. Finally, we demonstrate that a higher coverage probability is achieved by narrowing the beam and/or by lowering the altitude of the LEO satellites.

关键词： LEO satellites stochastic geometry interference coverage performance heterogeneous networks

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Joint Beamforming and Power control for D2D-Assisted Integrated Sensing and Communication networks

Joint Beamforming and Power Control for D2D-Assisted Integra...

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2024 IEEE Global communications conference, GLOBECOM 2024

作者： Xue, Zhenyu Chen, Yuang Lu, Hancheng Chong, Baolin Long, Wanqing University of Science and Technology of China The Cas Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Hefei230027 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351255

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is an emerging technology in next-generation communication networks. However, the communication performance of the ISAC system may be severely affected by interference from the radar system if the sensing task has demanding performance requirements. In this paper, we exploit device-to-device (D2D) communication to improve communication capacity of the ISAC system. The ISAC system in a single cell D2D assisted-network is investigated, where the base station (BS) performs target sensing and communication with multiple cellular user equipments (CUEs) as well as D2D user equipments (DUEs) simultaneously communicating with other DUEs by multiplexing the same frequency resource. To achieve the optimal communication performance in such D2D-assisted ISAC system, a joint beamforming and power control problem is formulated with the goal to maximize the sum rate while guaranteeing the performance requirements of radar sensing. Due to the non-convexity of the problem, we transform the origin problem into a relaxation form, then, a joint beamforming and D2D power control algorithm is proposed to obtain the solution efficiently. Particularly, a zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming scheme to eliminate the interference from the BS on DUEs is also proposed. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrated that with the assistance of the D2D communications, our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the baseline schemes in terms of the system sum rate. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Radar interference

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5G New Radio for Non-Terrestrial networks: Analysis and Comparison of HARQ and RLC ARQ performance Over Satellite Links

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 75396-75411页

作者： Tuninato, Riccardo Capez, Gabriel Maiolini Mazzali, Nicolo Garello, Roberto Politecn Torino Dept Elect & Telecommun I-10129 Turin Italy European Space Agcy European Space Res & Technol Ctr NL-2201 Noordwijk Netherlands

In this paper, we study the extension of 5G New Radio (NR) to Non-Terrestrial networks (NTN). For terrestrial ones, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) is the main retransmission solution used by 5G NR at the physical and MAC layers, enhancing decoding performance through diversity and coding gain. However, for NTN, its implementation faces challenges due to the significant delays caused by the long distances of satellites. In the first part, we begin by investigating the minimum number of HARQ processes required for various LEO scenarios, as well as the relationship between the number of processes and the coherence time of the satellite link. next, while the performance of 5G retransmission schemes over AWGN and terrestrial channels is well explored, this is not the case for realistic satellite channel models. To address this, we have developed an open-source simulator that accurately implements all the blocks of the data channel transmission and reception chain, including the retransmission schemes and the Land Mobile Satellite (LMS) channel. We consider the 5G NR Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and we present and discuss a number of results over the LMS channel, which are important to understand the HARQ performance for the NTN satellite scenario. In the second part, we consider the 5G NR alternative retransmission solution, RLC ARQ, which is available at the Radio Link control (RLC) layer. This method might be interesting for satellite links, because it adds minimal complexity to the receiver side, but it provides less enhancement to signal reception capabilities and more latency. We first present an analytic model to compute its performance over the LMS channel, then we analyze its behavior. Finally, we provide a detailed comparison and discussion of HARQ and RLC ARQ performance in terms of block error rate, spectral efficiency, and latency. This extensive analysis provides valuable insights for researchers and space agencies interested in applying

关键词： 5G mobile communication Satellite broadcasting Satellites Low earth orbit satellites Delays Spectral efficiency 3GPP New Radio Channel models Analytical models Satellite communications 5G New Radio Non-Terrestrial networks HARQ ARQ

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next -generation Vehicle Platooning: Leveraging Quantum Long Short -Term Memory networks 5

Next -Generation Vehicle Platooning: Leveraging Quantum Long...

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2024 International conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering

作者： Emu, Mahzabeen Rahman, Taufiq Choudhury, Salimur Salomaa, Kai Queens Univ Sch Comp Kingston ON Canada Natl Res Council Canada Automot & Surface Transportat London ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541378

This study explores the integration of Quantum Long Short Term Memory (QLSTM) networks into vehicle platooning systems to enhance the coordination and performance of platoons on highways. Vehicle platooning is a transformative approach to managing fleets of vehicles by utilizing advanced communication and control technologies. These technologies synchronize speed and maintain optimal inter-vehicle distances, improving traffic flow and safety. Our research presents a novel system model for vehicle platooning that includes both vehicle to -infrastructure (V21) and vehicle-to -vehicle (V2V) communications enabled by a Roadside Unit (RSU), which facilitates the exchange of critical data such as speed, position, and control inputs among vehicles. The core of our methodology is the application of a QLSTM network, which is trained with historical traffic data to predict future states of vehicle platoons. This allows platoons to dynamically adjust their behavior in response to realtime conditions, optimizing the overall traffic flow and reducing the likelihood of collisions. The objective function of our model focuses on minimizing deviations from desired state references, emphasizing the importance of maintaining specified inter-vehicle distances and velocities. Preliminary results demonstrate that our QLSTM-enhanced platooning model significantly improves the stability and efficiency of vehicular platoons, particularly in complex traffic scenarios on the 1-26 freeway in South Carolina. This study not only provides a practical framework for implementing quantum computing techniques in real -world transportation systems but also opens new avenues for further research in quantum -resilient traffic management solutions.

关键词： Vehicle Platooning Optimization Quantum Computing QLSTM

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Design and Implementation of Long Range Wide Area networks for Future Industrial IoT Applications

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International Journal of Sensors, Wireless communications and control 2024年第3期14卷 215-225页

作者： Mariappan, Ramasamy School of Computer Science & Engineering VIT University Tamil Nadu Vellore India

Background: The evolution of Long Range Wide Area networks (LoRaWAN) is a potential candidate for next generation networks for managing the massive number of devices in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). LoRaWAN is more suitable for transmitting smaller intermittent data but using smaller bandwidth over a long distance. Objective: This research paper proposes to design a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) to provide long-range data transfer for Industrial IoT applications, especially for industrial sensor data. Methods: This research work deploys the experimental setup of LoRaWAN devices using LoRa gateways and Internet of Things network server to evaluate its performance for IIOT applications. Results: The deployment of this LoRaWAN has demonstrated its long range, low power, stability and low deployment cost through extensive performance evaluation carried out. LoRaWAN has been analyzed for its coverage and throughput performance. Conclusion: Through performance analysis, potential enhancements have been identified to overcome its shortcomings. This paper concludes the feasibility of deploying LoRaWAN technology for the future generation IIOT applications. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers.

关键词： Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) industrial sensor data Long Range Wide Area networks (LoRaWAN) long-range data transfer LoRa gateways Low Power Wide Area networks (LPWAN)

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